functional neuroanatomy of pain pdf

... 2002). K.G. Usunoff · A. Popratiloff · O. Schmitt · A. Wree Functional Neuroanatomy of P ain With 19 Figures 123 34 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain System Fig. 13 Already at the level of the fifth ... 26 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain System ThecriticalroleoftheSTTinpainisuniversallyacknowledged,buttherelative in volvement in pain sensation of lamina I neurons and ... thin (100-nm) sections, a majority of the epitopes are not 6 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain System are careful in the description of the intraepithelial run of the free nerve endings. As the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 18:20

... T (2005) Functional importance of Ca 2+ -deficient N-terminal lobe of molluscan troponin C in troponin regulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 436, 83–90. H. Tanaka et al. Functional regions of molluskan ... and the structural and functional features of some invertebrate troponins. Molluskan TnC binds only one mole of Ca 2+ per mole of protein at site IV in the C-domain because of amino acid sub- stitutions ... using known amounts of protein run on the same gel, as a standard. The amount of nonspecific precipitation of the TnI-fragment was also monitored by simultaneous centrifugation of the sample containing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... (2001). 2.3 CAUSES OF CHRONIC PAIN There are many underlying causes of chronic pain, although it is not possible to always determine the precise cause of the pain. Chronic pain may occur due ... back pain, headache, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain, central pain syndromes, arthritis, cancer, post-herpetic neuralgia, and chronic post-surgical pain. ... the effects of disuse (eg. deconditioning of muscles/joints, loss of general fitness). 2.1.1 Chronic Pain Mechanisms Reasons for the persistence of pain beyond the acute stage are often difficult...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 20:20

... transfer of the c-phosphate group from ATP to AMP, releasing two molecules of ADP. This study describes cloning and functional characterization of the gene encoding AK2 from a genomiclibrary of Leishmania ... transfer of the c-phos- phate group from ATP to AMP, releasing two molecules of ADP [1]. Different isoenzymic forms of AK are involved in maintenance of constant intracellular levels of adenine nucleotides, ... Geno ´ micos, Valencia, Spain). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of a 690-bp long ORF that encoded a protein of 230 amino acids, with an estimated molecular mass of 26 kDa. This...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... between the sequences of DM64 and DM43 is the presence of a gap of four amino acids in DM64, when compared to DM43. Since this gap is localized in the third domain of DM64, in one of the loops previously ... respectively, both of which are homodimeric proteins in native conditions. The precise mode of action of class II PLA 2 myotoxins remains elusive. However, it seems clear that the initial target of these ... formation of Ôdelta lesionsÕ followed by hypercontraction of myofilaments due to increased intra- cellular levels of calcium ions [5,44]. Despite the fact that myotoxic PLA 2 s affect a variety of cell...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... to aging than that of women. Arguments in favor of this hypothesis may be found in several studies of white matter lesions that have shown a larger prevalence of this type of lesions in women ... to be excluded because of the poor technical quality of their scans, and 11 others because of previous history of stroke as confirmed by a neurologist. Left with a sample of 802 subjects (471 women, ... importance of characterizing the mechanisms of the human brain aging during the seventh and eighth decades of life. Indeed, a better understanding of the normal neuroanatomical aging could be of high...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... reach a detectable level of protein. Tubulin serves as a loading control. The relative amount of mutant protein was calculated based on the ratio of the band intensities of myc-GALE to tubulin ... experiments, cells were treated with 25 l M of the proteosome inhibitor, MG132, 1 h prior to and for the duration of cycloheximide treatment. Functional analysis of GALE mutation in ldlD cells Y L. Bang ... in the absence of galactose similar to that of ldlD cells. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay was performed in the presence and absence of 0.25 mm galactose. The level of BrdU incorporated into...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... the distal point of the rest of the protein. Such a dipole will have weak inter- actions with the rest of the protein. Thus, if turned off (by removal of Arg and protonation of Asp185), the protein ... reaction. Analysis of the effect of the mutations on protein stability revealed three distinctive mechanisms of relaxation, and in the case of S36A, no relaxation at all. The first type of relaxation ... of the self energy in the wild-type enzyme of the residue that was mutated, DG pairwise i;j ðWTÞ are the pair wise energies of the original resi- due ‘i’ in the native protein with the rest of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... likely to represent a mixture of mitochondrial variants that possess different isoforms of AACs. Consequently, a biochemical characterization of the various isoforms of AACs is difficult, if not ... dependency] of individual mitochondrial-type AACs in order to identify differences in the function of the various isoforms and to understand the repeated evolution of AAC isoforms in a variety of organisms. We ... technique that allows the functional expression of a variety of single mitochondrial-type AACs in E. coli. After IPTG-induction we were able to obtain functional integration of the various mitochondrial-type...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... between 0.10 and the limit of quantitation over the whole course of the reactions, roughly following the change of LPC (data not shown). The kinetics of the transformation of LPC could not be exactly ... activity of PP13-B and PP13-R was confirmed by measurements of their agglutination capabilities of human erythrocytes. In nonreducing conditions, very small Ó FEBS 2004 Functional analyses of PP13/galectin-13 ... rate of aggregation to syncytiotrophoblasts in the case of normal placental function, and plasma levels of PP13/galectin-13 did not correlate with the intensity of the placental synthesis of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... the results cannot be explained simply by functional heterogen- eity of SMP. Of course, this does not mean that SMP are fully homogeneous, and functional homogeneity of SMP is actually impossible to check. ... presence of succinate, the stimulation factor of ATPase activity by FCCP being practically constant (100 ± 10%). Finally, our data are consistent with the existence of the following states of ATPase ... simplest model of D ~ l H þ -induced activation of mitochondrial ATPase involves two functional forms: an inactive and an active IF1-free form. Early studies have suggested the existence of an additional...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... Increasing amounts of truncated derivative of A BZ1 harbouring amino acids 47–138 interferes with DNA b inding of full size ABZ1. One microgram of protein (+) and increasing amounts of truncated ABZ1 ... of the AtMYB2 transcription f actor which leads t o the enhanced expression of the ADH1 gene [10]. The extent of post-transcriptional regulation is best illustrated when t he limited number of anaerobic ... addition of the truncated ABZ1 protein abolishs binding of full size ABZ1 in a concentration d ependent manner (Fig. 5B). This indicates that in vitro binding of a dimer requires the presence of a DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... result of large 3 J HN,HA couplings ($ 9 Hz) that are characteristic of a dominant A B C Fig. 1. Microtitre plate activity assay for the determination of the growth of A. niger in the presence of ... molecular mass of PAF) as a result of the presence of three disulfide bonds. Importantly, the MS data yielded evidence demonstrating the lack of any post-translational modification of native PAF ... Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, University of Debrecen, Hungary 2 Institute of Chemistry, Eo ¨ tvo ¨ s Lora ´ nd University, Budapest, Hungary 3 Department of Inorganic...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

... by graphic calculation of the angle of the tangent to the tur- bidity increase curve at the point of maximum steepness; and Dh, final turbidity of fibrin clots. Polymerization of fibrin desAA and desAABB ... Polymerization of fibrin formed in the fibrinogen + thrombin reaction was investigated at a final concentration of fibrinogen of 0.1 mgÆmL )1 and a final concentration of thrombin of 0.4 NIH unitsÆmL )1 in ... of the fibrin Bb-chain. This site is operational before fibrinopeptide B is split off. The inhibitory activity of synthetic peptides mimick- ing the various fragments of the N-terminal region of the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... the metabolism of d-Asp and concomitant appearance of other d-amino acids. This is the first report, for eukaryotes, of cDNA cloning and functional charac- terization of d-AAT. Results Growth suppression of ... after 11 days of culture (Fig. 3A). The ratio of d-Asp to l-Asp [D% = (D ⁄ D+L)· 100] was 0.43% and 0.35% at 4 days and 11 days of culture, respectively (Fig. 3A). The high percentage of d-Asp observed ... days * ** ** *** *** * *** *** *** *** *** Fig. 2. Effect of D-Asp on cotyledon growth during culture of A. thaliana. The lengths of cotyledons were determined in seed- lings after 11 days and 14 days of culture on MS medium...

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