functional characteristics of the blood brain barrier

... Under physiological conditions, the BBB maintains the cerebral micro-environment by tightly regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the brain to protect the brain from microorganisms and ... into the brain inflammatory response and jeopardising the functional integrity of the BBB [55-57] In the present study, we found that, during experimental sepsis, the antibody-mediated blockade of ... J: The influence of cytokines on the integrity of the blood- brain barrier in vitro J Neuroimmunol 1996, 64:37-43 55 Papadopoulos MC, Davies DC, Moss RF, Tighe D, Bennett ED: Pathophysiology of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... entry into the brain because of blood- brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporters so that the brain serves as a reservoir for HIV-1 [2] and a source for viral escape [3] Therefore, HIV-1 in the brain ... blood- brain barrier to various sized molecules Am J Physiology 1985, 248:H712-H718 Chou S, Dix RD: Viral infections and the blood- brain barrier In Implications of the Blood- Brain Barrier and ... transcellular transport of HIV-1 across the blood- brain barrier (BBB) through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... although 12% of all drugs are active in the CNS, only 8% of them are active in the brain for the treatment of diseases or disorders (Lipinski, 2000) The BBB lies between the blood flow and the brain ... in the central nervous system (CNS) is to overcome the barrier preventing the drugs moving from blood circulation into the brain parenchyma The limited penetration of drugs through the blood brain ... parenchyma The blood brain barrier (BBB) lies between the blood flow and the brain parenchyma The BBB prohibits most foreign molecules entering from the blood to brain, including CNS drugs The limited...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:10

... History and Anatomy of the Blood Brain Barrier 1.1.2 Functions of the Blood Brain Barrier 1.1.3 Clinical Significance of the Blood Brain Barrier 1.2 METHODS TO OVERCOME THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER 1.3 NANOPARTICLES ... the presence of glutathione, likely via cotransport, is required [13] 1.1.2 Functions of the Blood Brain Barrier The main function of the blood brain barrier is to protect the brain The BBB serves ... presence of an intact blood brain barrier at the proliferating edge of the tumor has been suggested to be one of the major contributing factors to the failure of chemotherapy in the treatment of central...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 22:48

... junctions of the blood- brain barrier Cell Mol Neurobiol 20, 57–74 68 Brightman, M W., and Tao-Cheng, J H (1993) Tight junctions of brain endothelium and epithelium In The Blood- Brain Barrier Cellular ... through the diaphragm and the costal cartilages left of the sternum up to the level of the clavicle A transverse cut is made in the diaphragm The heart is then grasped using the index and thumb of the ... The large apparent work capability of the blood- brain barrier: A study of mitochondrial content of capillary endothelial cells in brain and other tissues of the rat Ann Neurol 1, 409–417 175 Claudio,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:34

... the blood- brain barrier Journal of Controlled Release 2005, 108:84-96 Poduslo JF, Curran GL: Polyamine modification increases the permeability of proteins at the blood- nerve and blood- brain barriers ... other charged nanoparticles [66-69] across the barrier may be from direct charge induced damage to endothelial cells of the barrier and disruption of the barrier Our proposed mechanism for the ... of the bloodbrain tumor barrier; in addition, we validated the importance of prolonged nanoparticle blood half-life for the effective accumulation of nanoparticles within brain tumor cells Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... compared the permeability of the BTB of RG-2 gliomas grown within the brain, the orthotopic site, to that of the BTB of RG-2 gliomas grown outside the brain in the temporalis skeletal muscle, the ... characterize the differences in the permeability of the BTB of a malignant brain tumor to that of the BTB of a peripheral solid tumor, and to define the upper limit of pore size within the BTB of the ... ectopic site, the permeability of the BTB of the breast cancer tumor growing in the brain is lower than the BTB of the original tumor in breast tissue, the orthotopic site[5] The brain tissue...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... whether the effect of AEA on the adhesion of leukocytes interferes on leukocyte transmigration through the BBB model As expected TMEV-infection of brain endothelial cells increased the number of ... phenol-red-free DMEM the top and the bottom of the filter, 400 μl of 10% FBS/phenolred-free DMEM and 200 μl of 0.45% albumin conjugated to Evan’s blue dye were added to the bottom and the top of the well, ... immunohistochemistry, in the brains of sham animals in both type of mice, Cnr1+/+ or Cnr1-/- The intracranial injection of TMEV induced the expression of VCAM-1 in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex surrounding blood...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... intra-abdominal sepsis, the cultures of brain specimens taken after the experiment were all sterile (data not shown) One of the major pitfalls in the interpretation of the data was the difficulty of establishing ... reaches the brain site it interacts with the endothelial cells forming the BBB and inhibits their activation [4,24,25] To our knowledge, the present data are the first to show the positive effects of ... of the BBB and the role of a permeability defect in the formation of cerebral edema using other models of cerebral damage [18-20] In our previous experimental study we evaluated the effects of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... interacts with both O6 and N7 (Fig 1C) The 2¢OH of the ribose is hydrogen bonded to the main chain and the side chain of Asp142 (Fig 1C) Both hydroxyl groups of the ribose are involved in coordinating ... product of PRPP from the crystallization solution ing 81 compounds of substrates, products and regulators of other enzymes in the human nucleotide metabolism (Table S1) The library can then be ... conclusion can be made based on the lack of thermal shifts when only the bases were added, whereas the addition of PRPP led to a significant thermal shift Kinetic studies of PRTFDC1 showed that this...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... of the blood 23 Coagulability of the blood 24 Separation of the serum 24 Resistance of the red corpuscles 25 THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLOOD 27 A METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 29 [alpha] Preparation of ... for besides the estimation of the specific gravity of the total blood, they have carried out that of one at least of its constituents, either of the corpuscles or of the serum The red blood corpuscles ... increase of the lymphocytes of the blood; Frọnkel like Uskoff regards it as the emigration of the young forms of the white blood corpuscles into the blood He concludes logically from the diminution of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... Given that the roles of these residues definitely confirm each other, the difference in their significance might be attributable to the importance and ⁄ or necessity of the receipt of the phenol-hydroxyl ... rationale for the major role of Arg316 in arresting the ligand When the amino acid sequences of the LBD of all the NRs were aligned to that of ERRc, it became noticeable that 26 receptors among the total ... ligand-binding pocket of the ERRc The proximity of each amino acid residue (within a ˚ distance of A) to BPA is shown in the boxes depicting the a-helices The portrait was originated from the X-ray crystal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... analyses of the predicted amino acid sequence showed that the C-terminal half of the RepA of the pIT3 plasmid is sequence-similar to the helicases of the phage-encoded superfamily III proteins The ... the two-metal-ion mechanism of both RNA and DNA synthesis [17] In a previous study, we reported the findings of an analysis of the complete sequence of the cryptic plasmid pIT3 isolated from the ... [14] The side-chains of the first pair of residues, i.e K135 and R148, matched almost exactly; those of the second pair were in close proximity The R148 residue of the Pfu-primase is part of a...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... that the basic region, particularly the conserved Arg65, but not His57, is essential for the suppressive activity of DEC1 Determination of the binding domain of DEC1 to BMAL1 The interaction of ... interaction of 4418 F Sato et al (Eur J Biochem 271) DEC1 with BMAL1 and the binding to the E-box Substitution of Arg65 for Ala abolished the interaction of DEC1 with BMAL1 and the binding of DEC1 to the ... ng of each) Transfection of 0.1 ng of the DEC1 expression vector did not significantly decrease the transcriptional activity of CLOCK/BMAL1 (Fig 1B) Transfection of ng of the expression vector resulted...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... Fragments of HSQC and HMBC spectra of compound Labels illustrate assignment of the amide linkage between the amino group of Asp and the carboxyl group of GalA residue E Scheme The structures of oligosaccharides ... regardless of the concentration of LGLB examined (data not shown) The whole blood assay uses fresh human blood (which contains a variety of Toll receptors) and measures the total release of TNF-a ... 1436.42, owing to the loss of the branching xylose residues M and O, and of GlcA residue L The remaining linear sequence, consisting of K-B-F-I-D-N-Q, was confirmed by the observation of Ó FEBS 2004...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... Binding of CCE1 results in the complete unpairing of the four base-pairs in the centre of the junctions with a lesser disruption of the next base-pairs [19], which is reminiscent of the structure of ... profoundly the activity of the protein However, interactions with helix could play an important functional role, such as the correct positioning of the SAP motifs in relation to the rest of the ... centre of the junctions [19] Detailed understanding of the functional role of these interactions would require the crystal structure of the Ydc2–junction complex In this study the function of several...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... On the basis of the results with antibodies, a series of PrP mutants were made to assess whether deletions of certain domains of the protein decrease the SOD-like activity of the protein The ... assay The results of these experiments are shown in Fig Several of the antibodies and antisera caused a concentrationdependent inhibition of the SOD-like activity of PrP The ability of the antibodies ... to the conformation of the C terminus indicated that the conformation of the C terminus is important to the activity of the protein Deletion of the whole C terminus rendered the protein inactive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... illustrates the overall saddle shape of the dimeric structure and the key heparin-binding residues in the N-terminal domain held coordinately by the two subunits on the top of the hollow (Fig 1A) The ... the C-terminal domain of apoCII interacts with the interface of the N- and C-terminal domains of LPL and part of the lid surface [32] Because the functional importance of LPL’s C-terminal domain ... established Of two possible dimeric structures of LPL, the head-tohead and the head-to-tail models, the studies of the chimeric proteins of hepatic lipase and LPL and the tandem repeat approach of LPL...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20