from conventional microscopyto near field microscopy

... Schematic of near- field LP-CARS or RP-CARS field generation 47 Comparison of near- field CARS intensity distributions between RP- and LP-CARS generated from pure water .48 Near- field intensity ... numerical study of CARS microscopy in the near- field region, including near- field CARS generation from two adjacent scatterers and the effects of   scatterers’   sizes   on   near- field CARS under tightly ... near- field effects of CARS microscopy, including near- field CARS generation from two adjacent scatterers as well as the effects of scatterers’ sizes and the excitation polarizations on CARS microscopy...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:54

... implementation Photon Emission Microscopy for technology nodes beyond 50 nm Chapter Near- field Approach For resolution below 100 nm 2.1 Near- field optical detection Near- field condition 2.3,2.4 2.2 ... a nanometric probe placed into the near- field of the emission source The near- field is scattered by the probe and collected in the far -field Different near- field probe designs are available but ... of near- field optical detection as a means to enhance the optical lateral resolution below 100 nm The origin of the near- field optical interaction and the critical parameters of the near- field...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:26

... learned from PSI’s eight years of field experience implementing safe water programs in 20 countries In the 1990s, the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), based on a series of field ... Bolivia, and PSI fielded the first commercial application Controlled trials confirmed that use of the SWS reduces the incidence of diarrhea under field conditions In Bolivia, a five-month field test ... chlorine solution (made by the chlorine gas injection method) from their neighbors (Mozambique and Malawi from South Africa, Nepal from India) More remote countries tend to dilute the more concentrated,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... isolates from poultry litter and two isolates from fly samples The nearly homologous staphylococcal gene, msr(A/B), was observed in four isolates from poultry litter and one isolate from fly ... litter samples were collected from three conventional poultry farms that raised the birds under contract for two major producers Litter samples were collected from three conventional broiler chicken ... Tn1545/916, were recovered from four enterococcal isolates from poultry litter and six from fly isolates, all of which also contained the erm(B) gene (Table 4) Two fly isolates from traps and placed...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... L (1999) Nano-slit probes for near- field optical microscopy fabricated by focused ion beams J Microsc 194, 335–339 Dunn, R.C (1999) Near- field scanning optical microscopy Chem Rev 99, 2891–2927 ... optical near field from a bowtie aperture Appl Phys Lett 88, 153110 Lacoste, Th., Huser, Th., Prioli, R & Heinzelmann, H (1998) Contrast enhancement using polarization-modulation scanning nearfield ... scanning near- field microscopy Appl Phys Lett 68, 3531–3533 Minh, P.N., Ono, T & Esashi, M (2000) Microfabrication of miniature aperture at the apex of SiO2 tip on silicon cantilever for near- field...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... methods, optical near- field nanolithography using near- field optical focusing elements has great potentials due to its low-cost and possibility of parallel operation.1,2 However, radiation from the exit-plane ... (ISPI) to control a gap distance of the order of nanometers for parallel optical near- field nanolithography In optical near eld nanolithography, the distance between the optical mask and the substrate ... High precision dynamic alignment and gap control for optical near- field nanolithography Xiaolei Wen School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... method for reducing the near- field divergence of the subdiffraction-limited spot created by a bowtie aperture, using SPPs reflected from grooves surrounding the bowtie aperture The near- field confinement ... designed to concentrate light in the near- field, the positions of the grooves are distributed evenly For parametric studies, the periodicity of the grooves is varied from 50 to 600 nm with an increment ... ␭SPP / differs from the results of far-field collimation by grooves for which the optimized grooves spacing is close to ␭SPP.9–13 This is because the mechanism of reducing the near- field confinement...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... artifacts in near- field optical microscopy, ” J Appl Phys 81(6), 2492 (1997) 17 C Jordan, S Stranick, L Richter, and R Cavanagh, “Removing optical artifacts in near- field scanning optical microscopy ... distance control for near field optical microscopes,” Appl Phys Lett 66(14), 1842 (1995) 15 D Tsai, and Y Lu, “Tapping-mode tuning fork force sensing for near- field scanning optical microscopy, ” Appl ... Weiner, “Combined shear force and near field scanning optical microscopy, ” Appl Phys Lett 60(20), 2484 (1992) 13 R Toledo-Crow, P Yang, Y Chen, and M Vaez Iravani, Near field differential scanning...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... 103 and 15ϫ 103 / s photon counts obtained from the two comparable square apertures This indicates more than one order of magnitude higher transmission from bowtie apertures when compared to the ... We started with standard silicon nitride cantilevered atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒ probes, which had a pyramidal-shaped tip near the end of cantilever On the tip of the probe, a platform was ... recording the optical signal from the PMT by photon counting FIG ͑Color online͒ NSOM images obtained by ͑a͒ bowtie aperture probe and ͑b͒ regular aperture probe ͑c͒ Near- field line profiles of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... “Enhanced optical near field from a bowtie aperture,” Appl Phys Lett 88, 153110 (2006) 15 L Wang and X Xu, “High transmission nanoscale bowtieshaped aperture probe for near- field optical imaging,” ... Challener, and E C Gage, Near field optical recording with a planar solid immersion mirror,” Appl Phys Lett 87, 151105 (2005) T Rausch, C Mihalcea, K Pelhos, D Karns, K Mountfield, Y A Kubota, X ... demonstrated to concentrate and enhance optical fields [13,14], with applications including near- field scanning microscopy (NSOM) measurements [15] and nanolithography [16–18] In this section, we apply...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... artifacts in near- field optical microscopy, ” J Appl Phys 81(6), 2492 (1997) 17 C Jordan, S Stranick, L Richter, and R Cavanagh, “Removing optical artifacts in near- field scanning optical microscopy ... distance control for near field optical microscopes,” Appl Phys Lett 66(14), 1842 (1995) 15 D Tsai, and Y Lu, “Tapping-mode tuning fork force sensing for near- field scanning optical microscopy, ” Appl ... Weiner, “Combined shear force and near field scanning optical microscopy, ” Appl Phys Lett 60(20), 2484 (1992) 13 R Toledo-Crow, P Yang, Y Chen, and M Vaez Iravani, Near field differential scanning...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... this work, we investigate the near- field optical transmission properties of bowtie apertures made in gold and chromium films In particular, the optical near fields from the bowtie apertures and ... JIN et al Plasmonic effects in near- field optical transmission enhancement through a single bowtie-shaped aperture FIGURE Schematic view of near- field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) in the illumination–collection ... The peak of the collected optical signal from the bowtie aperture is comparable to that from the rectangular aperture, but significantly higher than that from the square aperture The full width...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 09:01

... Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, vol 6143 of Proceedings of SPIE, February 2006 G F Margrave, “Seismic acquisition parameter considerations for a linear velocity medium,” in Proceedings ... realistic scenarios The parametric search proposed in [16] requires a large number of datasets from the scan region to generate accurate estimates The wave modeling approaches presented in [17, ... 18] rely on computationally intensive procedures that result in processing times that can range from several minutes to a couple of days [17, 18], resulting in low data throughput rates Additionally,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... columns of R are linearly independent and either R has kR columns or R contains a set of kR + linearly dependent columns Note that Kruskal rank is always less than or equal to the conventional matrix ... to the complicated signal model of near- field sources, it is difficult to derive such a cumulant matrix from the array outputs directly However, it is easily seen from (6) that the matrix C1 has the ... estimated, the 3D near eld source localization problem actually becomes a fourdimensional (4D) one Hence it is necessary to develop a joint 4D parameter estimation algorithm for near- field sources...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... sources that come from different directions [22] However the DOA-based method fails in the first stage when the signals come from the same or similar directions Even if the signals come from different ... 3.5 Estimation of sphere with near- field model The interpretation of the ICA solution with a near- field model yields other geometric information When we adopt the near- field model, including the ... ) (17) Ryo Mukai et al Nearly vertical to sensor pair axis Sources S1 S2 180 Estimated DOA (degree) 180 Estimated DOA (degree) Sensors 90 Sources S1 S2 Sensors 90 0 Nearly horizontal to sensor...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... Joint Estimation for 3D Parameters of Near- Field Sources where d is the interelement spacing of the uniform linear array, while λi , ri , and θi are the wavelength, range, ... for localization of near- field sources,” IEEE Trans Signal Processing, vol 46, no 3, pp 709–719, 1998 E Grosicki and K Abed-Meraim, “A weighted linear prediction method for near- field source localization,” ... signals; (A3) the range parameters of the sources are different from each other, that is, φi = φ j for i = j; (A4) the array is a uniform linear array with spacing d ≤ λi /4, i = 1, , K; (A5) the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... baseline, nine (5 from the typical APD group and from the atypical APD group) out of the 39 patients were taking benzodiazepines At endpoint eight were taking benzodiazepines (3 from the typical ... on cognitive performance are randomized blind trials Since many clinicians consider changing from conventional to novel antipsychotics in order to enhance cognition, we think that naturalistic ... type of medication (conventional or atypical APDs) and were not hospitalized for the entire two years were evaluated Changes in dosage were permitted Thirty-nine patients from the original cohort...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... Chapter 2: Coupling Microsphere WGMs based on Nearfield Optics 2.1 Introduction of Nearfield optics Near- field optics has developed very rapidly from around the middles 1980s after preliminary ... area of the near field is proportional to the size of the microsphere, and that the field momentum is locally modified by the interference between the near field and the incident field and that ... wavelength of the light Also, It could be seen the relationship of Evanescent -field with Near- field optics and the scope of near- field optics in the modern optical telecommunication depicted hereinafter...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2015, 11:31

... oligomers: Energy localization 90 5.1 Near- field localization 5.2 Influence of geometry on the near- field energy 5.3 Influence of defects on the near- field energy 5.4 Near- field energy enhancement by rotor-shaped ... better candidates to enhance the exhibited near- field energy among the gaps significantly Such structures allow achieving more precise localization of the near- field energy One should note here that ... resonances is located at the same spectral position as the FR dip in the dark field case [195] In this thesis, far -field and near- field optical properties of designed and fabricated novel oligomers so...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:06

... nanoparticles near- field optics is strongly influenced by the development of scanning near- field optical microscopy, also called nearfield scanning optical microscopy This is a super-resolution optical microscopy ... bio-virus The near field enhancement around such sub-micron particles is of immediate relevance to near- field optics microscopes [18] or, to some extent, pointed tips [19] In the near field, for ... Introduction Chapter Introduction 1.1 Introduction to near- field optics In general, a near- field is referred to a region with distance in micro/nano scales Nearfield optics (NFO) deals with phenomena involving...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03