free simple architecture software mac

... that this means free as in free speech, not free beer’. Free software is not about money, but about principles. The four principles of freedom include: the freedom to use, the freedom to redistribute ... goal is to mobilise people to use free software and to refrain totally from using non -free software. Stallman’s advocacy work is based on a strong moral appeal. Free 45 Will the revolution be open-sourced? ... open source, one in terms of free software and the other ‘open-source software . Several initiatives try to evade or transcend this ideological debate by using the reconciling term Free/ Open Source’ (FOSS), 7 as...

... ‘Open economy macroeconomics using models of closed systems’, The Jerome Levy Economics Institute, WP 281. Godley, W. and Lavoie, M. (2004), ‘Two-country stock-flow consistent macroeconomics ... models’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28 (2), 205-228. Tobin, J. and De Macedo, J. B. (1980), ‘The short-run macroeconomics of floating exchange rates: An exposition’, in J. Chipman and ... undesirable effects (an “increase in the money supply”) postulated in the M-F story. SIMPLE OPEN ECONOMY MACRO WITH COMPREHENSIVE ACCOUNTING A RADICAL ALTERNATIVE TO THE MUNDELL FLEMING MODEL 1 ...

... Các phần mềm miễn phí hay: nBINDER 3.0 Nén, bảo vệ và đóng gói dữ liệu (free) nBinder là chương trình miễn phí cho phép nén các tập tin thi hành mà không làm thay đổi ... trình có dung lượng 157 kb, tải tại www.nemokprod.go.ro hay www.echip.com.vn Access Manager 2.0 ( free) Chương trình quản lý mật khẫu miễn phí đơn giản và dễ sử dụng. Người sử dụng dùng 1 mật ... password). Chương trình nặng 1,63MB, tải tại www.access-manager.co.uk hay www.echip.com.vn ROTATE 1.02 (free) xoay màn hình theo ý muốn IRotate là chương trình cho phép bạn xoay chuyển màn hình theo các...

... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... Support services Useful if you don't have your  own support resources Long term support commitment,  even for versions considered as  obsolete by the community, but  not by your users! 44 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Commercial toolsets Caution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary! Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code  available to their users, and most of the time, to the community. As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL  doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party. No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the  community. Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their  licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a  customer to know or get a free preview kit to know. 35 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Various tools 34 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Emulators ­ Summary System emulators Useful to experiment with a full system, including the kernel qemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mips SkyEye: several arm architectures User emulators Useful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUs qemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips 20 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (2) Coldfire Code Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU/Linux and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfire PowerPC Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux and EABI) http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html 49 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Sysgo ­ Koan Software http://sysgo.com ELinOS development toolset, in particular based on Eclipse and the Linux Trace Toolkit. Includes FreeToolBox, a freely  downloadable compiling and rootfs  creating toolchain. Supports i386, arm and ppc. Hard real­time support with their own  microkernel (PikeOS), an approach similar to RTAI. http://koansoftware.com Makers of KaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial  applications. KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm  platforms. Other platforms supported upon  request. Includes several graphical toolkits and  supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai,  preemption patches). Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not  available for public download. 16 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Standalone toolchain build Building a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task!  Can take days or weeks! Lots of details to learn. Several components to build (building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library). Lots of decisions to make (such as C library version and configuration for your platform) Need kernel headers and C library sources Need to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platform Useful to be familiar with building and configuring tools http://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdf can show you how fun it can be! 21 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchain building utilities Buildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/ Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchains and even entire root filesystems. Downloads sources and applies patches. Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/ Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchains Doesn’t support uClibc yet. Downloads sources and applies patches. 26 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchains ­ useful resources eLinux.org toolchain page: http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains 29 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Emulators 8 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 glibc http://www.gnu.org /software/ libc/ License: LGPL C library from the GNU project Designed for performance, standards compliance and  portability Found on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems: about 1.7 MB on  Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB) 36 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 chroot Available in all GNU/Linux distributions Usage: chroot <dir> [command] Runs a command or an interactive shell with a special root directory. Standard usage: Internet servers Services executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system. Usage for embedded system development: Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host. Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set. Used by LFS (Linux From Scratch). Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent. / bin lib etc http / lib etc bin chroot jail ...

... you have tons of screens, you can jump to one 5.4. Spaces: Your Free Quad-Display Mac Exposé made a big splash when it debuted in Mac OS X 10.3. But Leopard offers another radical step forward ... projects open on each one. Now, virtual screens aren't a new idea—this sort of software has been available for the Mac and Windows for years. But it's never before been a standard feature ... relationships. But the bonus monitors that Spaces gives you are virtual. They exist only in the Mac& apos;s little head. You can look at only one at a time; you switch using a keystroke, a menu,...

... Side 19 2.5.2 Other Sides 19 2.6 Hardware and Software requirement 19 2.6.1 Handheld Device 19 2.6.2 Software 20 S3I Confidential 5/54/ Routepad _Architecture_ and_Detailed_Design v1.0 3.6.8.2 ... 28/54/ Routepad _Architecture_ and_Detailed_Design v1.0 Figure 35. New Customer Activity Diagram 3.6.9.1.3 Class Diagram S3I Confidential 45/54/ Routepad _Architecture_ and_Detailed_Design v1.0 SRS Software ... Routepad _Architecture_ and_Detailed_Design v1.0 3.6.2.2 Activity Diagram Figure 20. Route Management Activity Diagram S3I Confidential 32/54/ Routepad _Architecture_ and_Detailed_Design...

... So welcome, and lets get going! Yours in health, Dr. Dan Free Report Reveals 10 Simple things you must stop doing now !! (some are killing you) That can INSTANTLY ... haven’t done so, I highly recommend that you go to Dr. Mercolas’ website here and sign up for his free newsletter. His site is one of the sources I rely on regularly to get the information I need ... prescription drugs, heavy metals and a host of other pollutants out of your drinking water. The water is free once you pay for the filter. 3. Filter your shower water Most people don't realize...

... other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software that is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software ... will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. "To compare something ... the GNU Project, original president of the Free Software Foundation, winner of the 1990 MacArthur Fellowship, winner of the Association of Computing Machinery's Grace Murray Hopper Award...

... 3 reconciles Free Cash Flow with GAAP earnings and describes the advantages of Free Cash Flow. Chapter 4 takes the reader step by step through the Free Cash Flow Statement. Chapter 5 explains how Free ... productivity and free cash flow allocation. The importance of understanding these concepts free cash flow, in particular—cannot be overstated. For us, and for George Christy, free cash flow can ... plant has increased Free Cash Flow by $1 million (excluding $500,000 interest on bank loan). Free Cash Flow $11.0 million (excluding interest) Less 0.5 million interest Net Free Cash Flow $10.5...

... 33–36, Athens, Greece, 3 April 2009. c 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics The Software Architecture for the First Challenge on Generating Instructions in Virtual Environments Alexander ... evaluation, the nature of the data we collect, and our scientific goals. Then we explain the software architecture behind the scenes and sketch the API that concrete NLG systems must implement ... Architecture A crucial aspect of the GIVE evaluation methodol- ogy is that it physically separates the user and the NLG system and connects them over the Internet. To achieve this, the GIVE software...

... worldwide body of free software. It would be tempting to say that free software projects fail for the same sorts of reasons proprietary software projects do. Certainly, free software has no monopoly ... word " ;free& quot; was so prevalent that free software programmers eventually evolved a standard formula in response: "It's free as in freedom—think free speech, not free beer." ... word " ;free& quot; itself. On first hearing the term " ;free software& quot; many people mistakenly think it means just "zero-cost software. " It's true that all free software...

... hardware, while "machine" is the object with which a programmer communicates. The essence of the task of designing software tools is to transform a computer into a machine which corresponds ... requirements of a system for large scale machine translation. The reason for adapting the architecture of classical expert systems to our special needs was that the simple production system scheme ... -~ text For many software engineering projects this might be an entirely adequate architecture to support the design of problem oriented systems. In OUr case, however, an architecture of this...

... book about Free Software, also known as Open Source Software, and is meant for anyone who wants to understand the cultural signicance of Free Software. Two Bits explains how Free Software works ... 1980s, where he was introduced to , C programming, EMACS, Usenet, Free Soft- ware, and the Free Software Foundation. But he was not a Free Software hacker; indeed, he resisted my attempts to ... practices of Free Software, such as Creative Commons, the Connexions project, and the Open Access movement in science. These latter instances may or may not be Free Software, or even software ...