for and challenges to the cancer stem cell hypothesis

... According to our hypothesis, that the intestinal stem cell marker LgR5 might also be suited to identify cancer stem cells, these might be the actively cycling Barrett (cancer) stem cells Our ... 1a and 1b), as they stained the well-described putative colon mucosa stem cells, located at the basis of the crypts, or the transit amplifying zone, which are regarded to resemble the stem cell ... and helped to draft the manuscript LM participated in the design of the study and performed RTPCR studies CR and LS participated in the design of the study, and performed immunohistochemistry...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... overexpressed ovarian cancer cells induce the aggressiveness of the cancer cells and enrich the cancer stem cell population It also showed that MUC4 is expressed in the ovarian cancer stem cell population ... no colony formation was observed in vector-transfected SKOV3 cells (Figure 3) We further isolated these colonies for the stem/ progenitor marker analysis Expression of cancer stem cell and self-renewal ... used for the isolation of cancer stem cells from different cancer tissues and cell lines [16,17] Qverexpressed MUC4 and control cells were stained with FITC-conjugated CD133 cells to analyze the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... of these chymases have Arg143 and Lys192 Other chymases that have Arg143 and Lys192 are the a-chymases from the macaque and the baboon, the sheep MC protease, mMCP-5, and hamster chymase-2 Furthermore, ... added, and the sample was slowly rotated for 45 at room temperature The sample was then transferred to a mL column, and the supernatant was allowed to slowly pass through the filter, leaving the ... actually occurred or if they were selected owing to multiple cleavage sites Therefore, the effects of the two single mutants may be slightly underestimated On the other hand, when the enzymeselected...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... property to measure experimentally: If the temperature of system A is equal to the temperature of system B, and the temperature of system B is equal to the temperature of system C, then the temperature ... state in the composition of the two systems, then the entropy is additive for these states, i.e., S(X,Y) = S(X) + S(Y) 20 Challenges to the Second Law S is also extensive, i.e., for each t > and each ... of heat and particle reservoirs, also to the canonical and grand canonical ensembles In principle, it applies to both extensive and nonextensive systems and does not presume the standard thermodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:14

... lesions progress to cancer when precancerous stem cells transform into primary cancer stem cells [64] Second, precancerous stem cell is a mutated stem cell that highly express stemness factors such ... into primary cancer stem cells (Figure 1) Primary cancer stem cells may play the most important role in the progression of cancer and recurrence Thus the transformation from precancerous stem cells ... cancer stem cells from normal stem cells Below, we will focus on the origin and the fate of primary cancer stem cells Precancerous stem cells Based on current literature, primary cancer stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... lesions progress to cancer when precancerous stem cells transform into primary cancer stem cells [64] Second, precancerous stem cell is a mutated stem cell that highly express stemness factors such ... into primary cancer stem cells (Figure 1) Primary cancer stem cells may play the most important role in the progression of cancer and recurrence Thus the transformation from precancerous stem cells ... cancer stem cells from normal stem cells Below, we will focus on the origin and the fate of primary cancer stem cells Precancerous stem cells Based on current literature, primary cancer stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... responsible for forming the bulk of the tumor [14-16] They are similar to stem cells and may arise from the transformation of stem cells or the de-differentiation of non -stem cells They are quiescent and ... the transformation of normal stem cells to cancerous stem cells or from the dedifferentiation and transformation of progenitor or terminally-differentiated cells to tumor cells with stem cell- like ... treatments The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that within a heterogeneous tumor there is a small subpopulation of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs)” that...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... responsible for forming the bulk of the tumor [14-16] They are similar to stem cells and may arise from the transformation of stem cells or the de-differentiation of non -stem cells They are quiescent and ... the transformation of normal stem cells to cancerous stem cells or from the dedifferentiation and transformation of progenitor or terminally-differentiated cells to tumor cells with stem cell- like ... treatments The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that within a heterogeneous tumor there is a small subpopulation of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs)” that...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... seeking to partition the string so as to minimize the total string descriptive length D p , we consider the length that the presence of each symbol adds to the total descriptive length and the amount ... of symbols in the candidate partition The numerator in the equation above consists of the MDL descriptive cost of the phrase if added to the model and encoded, while the denominator consists of ... consider the sum of the costs of the substrings that comprise the candidate phrase li C p = Ri · log j =1 R , rj 10 (10) (13) where R is the total number of symbols without the formation of the candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... |A|), and each of these has a positive effect on the estimates for the height We refer to [22, Theorem 7.1] for a result of this form for Cm and to [51] for an application of it in this context, and ... [52], and [11] for a generalization) On the other hand, this formula is useful to decide which choice for the subgroup H is ‘suitable’ and to highlight limitations of this form—strictly limiting to ... 24]), but the same limitations seem to apply Thus, to obtain information on the Davenport constant for other types of groups one tries to leverage the information available for p-groups (and cyclic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 12:23

... double-strand breaks in order to signal and initiate the repair Proteins, potential members of the local networks, have to be in close proximity to the break or to be able to translocate quickly to the ... increase in transformation frequency for the single and doubly hemizygous cells Transformation frequencies for these cells were nearly two times higher than the one of wild-type cells Brca1 hemizygotes ... genotype CD4+ CD8+ cells appear at the upper right quadrant and are 31% of the total cell numbers Note also the very low numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells which appear in the lower right and upper left...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... study and validated the methods ASA wrote the first draft and revised the protocol FL, ML, AG, JG each reviewed and modified various versions of the protocol All authors have read and approved the ... essential not only to perform a larger trial but also to explore the barriers and facilitators to physicians’ participation Identifying barriers and facilitators is a key step to implementing CME ... observations (e.g., the type and location of the FMG), data about the participants (their number, their reactions), and information on any events that occur during the course of the interview She...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... Appendix for the most recent edition) to survey the patient for questions and concerns, and then documents these in a consultation plan, or patient agenda for the upcoming visit Copies of the consultation ... contributions BE, CA, and LE conceived the follow-up interviews and invited JB and KS to participate in their design and coordination BE and CA collected the data and performed the qualitative data ... interview respondents for their firsthand reactions to CP, as well as their secondhand and anecdotal accounts of patient, physician, and organizational leadership reactions to CP Therefore, our report...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Appendix for the most recent edition) to survey the patient for questions and concerns, and then documents these in a consultation plan, or patient agenda for the upcoming visit Copies of the consultation ... contributions BE, CA, and LE conceived the follow-up interviews and invited JB and KS to participate in their design and coordination BE and CA collected the data and performed the qualitative data ... interview respondents for their firsthand reactions to CP, as well as their secondhand and anecdotal accounts of patient, physician, and organizational leadership reactions to CP Therefore, our report...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... in a total volume of 25 μL using a thermocycling protocol of 94°C for min, 94°C for 30 s, 62°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1.5 for 35 cycles, followed by 72°C for 10 The PCR product was purified and ... was performed in a total volume of 25 μL using a thermocycling protocol of 94°C for min, 94°C for 30 s, 60°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1.5 for 35 cycles, followed by 72°C for 10 The RT-PCR product ... to amplify the CSFV NS2 gene according to the archived CSFV Shimen strain nucleotide sequence (GenBank: AF092448) Primer NS2R was used for the first cDNA strand synthesis and the primers F1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... resistant to DSB Mutations in the SP1 region have been reported to inhibit HIV-1 assembly [6] To produce virus stocks and to determine whether the mutations affected virus assembly, the mutant and ... Figure The sequence of the CA-SP1 junction accounts for the differential sensitivity of HIV-1 and SIV to DSB The sequence of the CA-SP1 junction accounts for the differential sensitivity of HIV-1 and ... viruses to DSB To test this hypothesis, we designed and constructed HIV-1 and SIV mutants containing the corresponding residues of the opposite virus Obvious differences were the identities of the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... EWS, EM and OM designed the study and wrote the manuscript EWS, ABW and SL performed the practical work, apart from the flow cytometry which was done by RC and the immunohistochemistry performed ... a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells Blood 1997, 90:5002-5012 22 Wu Y, Wu PY: CD133 as a marker for cancer stem cells: progresses and concerns Stem Cells Dev 2009, ... culturing the cells in SC-medium to be heterogeneous, and the CSCs to represent a smaller population within the Aldefluorhigh cell population In the case of liposarcoma, a likely cell of origin for the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... MF, Fuller M: Stem cells and cancer: two faces of eve Cell 2006, 124:1111-1115 Huntly BJ, Gilliland DG: Leukaemia stem cells and the evolution of cancer- stem- cell research Nat Rev Cancer 2005, ... hematopoietic (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) and neural (neural stem cells (NSCs)) tissues, as well as the main cell populations in bone marrow (BM) and the cells in lateral ventricles of the ... hierarchy, as the earlier cell type, and the other, in the lower developmental hierarchy, as the later cell type These two cell types together constitute a 'differentiation pair' Thus, the 'fold...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... of the PF of interest to the DM Based on the role of the DM in the solution process, In an interactive method, the intermediate search results are presented to the DM to investigate; then the ... space: rst, the Pareto optimal set is non-uniformly distributed along the Pareto front (the front is biased for solutions for − which f1 (→) is near to one); and second, the x density of the solutions ... the rays start from generated points and paralleled with the central line of the top right hypequadrant Methodology Due to the conflicts among the objectives in MOPs, the total number of Pareto...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2015, 10:00

... improved the dissolution rate by a factor of about 70,000 compared to flurbiprofen powder due to transformation of the drug from a crystalline to an amorphous form and the reduction of the size to the ... the acidic pH conditions of the normal vagina due to the low solubility of the polymer Microspheres were non-cytotoxic and non- SC immunogenic to vaginal/endocervical epithelial cell lines, and ... [81] Therefore, a requisite of these systems is that the MPs re-disperse or disassociate completely into primary NPs when they are exposed to the physiological medium because the NPs have the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/09/2015, 13:31