flowers as seen through the eyes of the honey bee

... displacement of the base pair from the helix axis primarily affects the relative depth of the two grooves, and the twisted position of the phosphates relative to the bases primarily affects the widths of ... toward one of the grooves This narrows one of the grooves on the helical DNA molecule and widens the other The two grooves are therefore called the minor and major grooves of the DNA Thus, the displacement ... own synthesis of the amino acid and that there is no leakage of the amino acid out of the cell For about the first 15 sec, the incorporation of radioactive amino acid into protein increases as t2...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:55

... approach has been used as the best means of presenting an explanation of a term, as for example in the case of the entry for gene The value of a scientific dictionary is enhanced by inclusion of contextual ... by the subscripts The activity of the water has been omitted from the equation since it may be taken as unity for a dilute aqueous solution Ka is a measure of the strength of the acid, i.e of ... in the text are those of the 18column format of the table given in the 1990 edition of the IUPAC ‘Red Book’ The correspondence between this and other versions of the table is described in the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 07:20

... Piwiinteracting RNAs (piRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), etc (Brosnan & Voinnet, 2009) NcRNAs were regarded as important factors of cancer MiRNA is only well-studied ncRNAs in ... neoadjuvant therapies The alterations of specific miRNAs may further elucidate the metastatic mechanism and allow development of targeting therapy (Feber et al., 2011) Elevated levels of miR-21, ... esophageal cancer has been reported in 9%-60% of cases; depending on the stage of disease, tumor histology, or the applied methodology [4, 8, 11, 37-41] There is no known ligand for HER-2, as it does...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

... copies of just of that section Another issue that has been raised about the project to sequence the genome is the need to know the sequences of all of the introns and other noncoding regions of DNA ... be classified on the basis of their structure, which is the traditional method Growing knowledge of the DNA sequences of many genes in many organisms makes possible estimates of the time of genetic ... The next major change in the history of life was the invention of sex Evolution, as you recall, is a mechanism based on the inheritance of variation Where these variations come from? Before the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:43

... ASYMMETRY RATIO atherogenesis The development of atherosclerosis; the formation of atheromas atherogenic Having the capacity to initiate, or to increase, the process of atherogenesis atheroma A lipid-containing ... spores Aka asporogenic mutant assay A measurement of either the concentration or the activity of a substance See also enzyme assay assembly See self-assembly assimilation The conversion of nutrients ... chain Asn Asparagine Asparaginyl Asp Aspartic acid Aspartyl asparagine An aliphatic, polar alpha amino acid that is the amide of aspartic acid Abbr Asn; AspNH2; N aspartame A dipeptide, L-aspartyl-Lphenylalanine...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:51

... application of cerium cytochemistry was the demonstration of NADH oxidase on the plasmalemma of polymorphonuclear leukocytes Variations of the basic reaction with cerium chloride as the capture ... have been implicated in the pathology of many diseases The major problem in determining the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been that these short-lived species are difficult to measure ... is, the mitochondrial (21 KD) and the cytosolic (23 KD), in the retina We detected GSH-PO in the retina of both strains, with the molecules being the same as those of GSH-PO in the liver of Wistar...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:00

... Schematicrepresentationof the structure of iPLA:lfi .The upper bar represents the rodent or human short isoformofiPLA2fl,and the lowerbar represents the humanlongisofnrmof iPLA2/~ .The positionof the eight ... form has been solved Nevertheless, a number of important insights into the total behavior of CooA can be drawn, in part because of the existence of the structure of the effector-bound form of CRP, ... side of the heme in reduced CooA was one of the major surprises revealed by the structure (19) That ligand is Pro-2, the N-terminal residue from the other monomer of the dimer Proline has not been...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 16:43

... another substance The passage of materials across a biological membrane The transfer of the energy of incident radiation to the matter through which it passes Absorption Band A portion of the ... compared to the concentration of the same type of molecule in the phase in contact with the surface Accumulation Theory A theory of aging that states aging is due to the accumulation of toxic substances ... lysine Acrosomal Process The narrow channel through the surface of the egg coat formed by the polymerization of a pool of actin located behind the acrosomal vesicle of the sperm cell Acrosomal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 17:30

... below as a guide 12 When the 20 minutes of gel running time is up, turn off the power supply and remove the lid of the gel tank Carefully remove the gel (still on the gel tray) and place it on the ... position the pipette tips carefully on top of the wells and gently deliver the mixture to the wells without spilling them Load 15 µl of each of the Markers, L1 and L2 Add your samples according to the ... compacted and therefore moves faster through the gel c RE2 still binds to the DNA and therefore slows down their movement through gel Part B Determination of orientation by which fragment was inserted...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 17:36

... CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Task (100 points) Gene mapping by restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA fragments Part A Confirmation of insertion of human DNA in a cloning plasmid (80 points) Q1.1 ... c Page of IBO2012 SINGAPORE CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PRACTICAL TEST ANSWER SHEET Part B Determination of orientation by which fragment was inserted (20 points) Q1.11 (20 points) Page of ... (20 points) Page of IBO2012 SINGAPORE PRACTICAL TEST ANSWER SHEET CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q1.5 (10 points) Attach photograph of gel here Q1.6 (1 point × = points) RE1 RE2 Number of fragments Estimated...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 17:41

... Piwiinteracting RNAs (piRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), etc (Brosnan & Voinnet, 2009) NcRNAs were regarded as important factors of cancer MiRNA is only well-studied ncRNAs in ... neoadjuvant therapies The alterations of specific miRNAs may further elucidate the metastatic mechanism and allow development of targeting therapy (Feber et al., 2011) Elevated levels of miR-21, ... esophageal cancer has been reported in 9%-60% of cases; depending on the stage of disease, tumor histology, or the applied methodology [4, 8, 11, 37-41] There is no known ligand for HER-2, as it does...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... organization of the components of the system is related to its entropy Simultaneously, as a consequence of the same chemical process, the heat content of the molecules, which is the sum of the heat associated ... applied biology The rate of growth of knowledge in the field of biology is increasing at a dizzying rate Managing vast databases of new knowledge is almost as important as the creation of that new ... known as the a-carbon In the case of the common amino acids, the main functional group is the dissociable, acidic OH group of the carboxylic acid By extension, the next further carbon from the...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... have yet been described 2.1 Phase I metabolism of aflatoxin B1 As mentioned before, the Phase I metabolism of AFB1 is carried out mainly by members of the CYP450 superfamily of enzymes Their name ... transcription factor to the DNA or bind to the transcription factor and guide it to the correct location The stability of the transcription factor in the cell is another level of control of the transcriptional ... The loss of AF production and the induction of a fluffy phenotype in A parasiticus clones treated with 5azacytosine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, as well as the presence in the genome of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... one of them, the others would be excited, not only by the sudden appearance of the stone, but also by the injury done to their companion, to whose help they would feel bound to hasten Here the ... influencing the severity of disease (Veesenmeyer et al., 2009) Both the rate of pathogen elimination as well as the scale of tissue damage can be manipulated by the microorganisms There is a multitude of ... cholesterol and the acyl chains of the phospholipids reduce the deformability of the lipid bilayer as well as the permeability of the membrane for small hydrophilic molecules (Quinn & Wolf, 2009) The proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... approach has been used as the best means of presenting an explanation of a term, as for example in the case of the entry for gene The value of a scientific dictionary is enhanced by inclusion of contextual ... by the subscripts The activity of the water has been omitted from the equation since it may be taken as unity for a dilute aqueous solution Ka is a measure of the strength of the acid, i.e of ... in the text are those of the 18column format of the table given in the 1990 edition of the IUPAC ‘Red Book’ The correspondence between this and other versions of the table is described in the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 23:43

... within the order, groups of genera can be distinguished on the basis of e.g the chemical nature of the cell wall and the lipid profiles of the organisms [The system of classification adopted in the ... at the bottom of a DRAFT TUBE (or at the base of the annulus) – the air being voided via an opening in the top of the column; the air bubbles lower the hydrostatic pressure of culture in the ... consisting of two or more words can be alphabetized in either of two ways: on the basis of the first word, or on the basis that both or all of the words are run together and treated as one; thus,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/12/2015, 17:58

... of beer and the digestibility of animal feed stock Application of xylanase in the saccharification of xylan in agrowastes and agrofoods intensifies the need of exploiting the potential role of ... shallow groove on the bottom of the ‘bowl’ The (α / β) barrel appears to be the structure of two other endoxylanases of family 10 The substrate binding sites of the family 10 endoxylanases are apparently ... stearothermophilus T-6 xylanse gene They also found that the β-xylosidase gene was present 10 kb down stream of the xylanase gene, but it was not a part of the same operon Despite the future role of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:56

... mutations The mutated form of p53 has a crucial role in the regulation of neovascularization It induces increased levels of VEGF and FGFβ through an activation of the transcription of the corre‐ ... clinical samples the association of versican to invasiveness of astrocy‐ toma could be evidently demonstrated On the other side, the decreased expression of versi‐ can V0 and V1 isoforms in glioma ... mortality of the patient Moreover, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the passage of a wide variety of anticancer agents The high incidence of recur‐ rence and poor prognosis of malignant...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20