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... Engineering and Phase Transformations Chapter Domain Engineering and Phase Transformations Wenwei Ge, Jiefang Li, and D Viehland 1.1 1.1.1 Introduction Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties by an MPB ... [111]) direction, while the monoclinic symmetry allows the polarization vector to continuously rotate in a plane and contributes to enhanced polarization and strain Vanderbilt and Cohen further ... the polarization vector of rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T), orthorhombic (O), and monoclinic MC, MA, and MB phases The MA, MB, and MC notation is adopted following Vanderbilt and Cohen [16]...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... Mai, 50200, Thailand National Metal and Materials Technology Center, KlongLuang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand *Corresponding author: kamonpan.p@cmu.ac.th Email addresses: PY: pyongsiri@gmail.com ... analysis [DTA], and scanning electron microscopy [SEM], respectively Materials and methods Figure compared the conventional glass-ceramic method and the incorporation method In the conventional glass-ceramic ... experiments, analyzed the data, interpreted the results, and wrote the paper SE, GE, SS, and TT co-designed experiments, discussed, and analyzed the results and presentation All authors have contributed...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... WO loaded with wt.% Mg, Zn, Mo and Re showed good responses both to NH and NO, and can be used for NH and NO gas sensors As a whole, these materials have low resistance Žabout = 10 V, Mg-loaded ... fast response to NH and NO compared with pure WO The materials of WO loaded with wt.% Cr, La, Pr, Sm, Gd, Er, Tm and Yb showed good responses to NH , and hardly responded to NO, and the materials ... applied for NH and NO detection, and several composition materials with good responses, both to NH and NO, were obtained The designed NH –NO equivalent point sensor includes two parts: one is a sensing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:08

... metrics bearing location information, the so-called ranging or bearing, and secondly estimate the positions based on those metrics, the so-called location information fusion There are mainly four ... signal and a corresponding transmission time The GPS receiver measures the TOAs, and calculates the time-of-flight (TOF) plus an unknown offset In this section, TOA measurements are used, and TDOA ... both a 2-D and 3-D or co-planar for 3-D A special case occurs when u = k1M , where k is any positive real number In this case, P can cancel out both (b2 − x )1M and −2bu, and one projection is enough,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... temperature and showed a maximum value at a sintering temperature of 1,090°C The dielectric constant, piezoelectric constant [d33], electromechanical coupling coefficient [kp], and remnant polarization ... was screen-printed on the surfaces as electrodes and then fired at 400°C for 10 We used X-ray diffraction [XRD] and scanning electron microscopy [SEM] to analyze the crystalline and microstructures ... properties exist over an extensive range of temperature and (2) several possibilities for substitution and additions Among them, Ba(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 [BZT] ceramics possess very strong piezoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... Authors' contributions PJ carried out experiments and wrote the manuscript AW and SJ participated in the conception of the study and revised the manuscript for important intellectual contents All ... Besides, an increase of spontaneous polarization directions due to the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases (eight directions for rhombohedral phase and six directions for tetragonal ... Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand *Corresponding author: sukanda@chiangmai.ac.th...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... baths containing 0.3 M Pb(CH3 SO3 )2 + M CH3 SO3 H with (b and d) and without (a and c) g dm−3 sodium ligninsulfonate Current densities: 50 mA cm−2 (a and b) and 375 mA cm−2 (c and d) Deposition ... deposition and dissolution of PbO2 as reported previously [1] On the other hand, additions of ligninsulfonate led to a progressive increase in the overpotentials associated with both nucleation and ... a Whatman Analyst Purifier, methanesulfonic acid (Aldrich) and lead carbonate (BDH) and where appropriate sodium ligninsulfonate (Aldrich), polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 200 (Lancaster...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript DRE and GGG participated in the acquisition of data and in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript ... cartilage and bone structure, participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, and reviewed the manuscript PAB and AJT performed the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and drafted ... medialis and lateralis cross-sectional areas and patella structures The association between vastus medialis and lateralis crosssectional areas and patella structures, including cartilage and bone...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... radiosurgery, Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy 2Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland Authors’ contributions MA, FA, AF, ... at Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and acts as Scientific Advisor to Varian Medical Systems The authors Marta Scorsetti, Filippo Alongi, Simona Castiglioni, Alessandro Clivio, Antonella ... Prescription doses ranged from 32 to 75 Gy (mean dose to target volume), depending on the site and on the volume of the lesions Good performance status and good compliance to radiation treatment were...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:21

... in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript DRE and GGG participated in the acquisition of data and in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript ... cartilage and bone structure, participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, and reviewed the manuscript PAB and AJT performed the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and drafted ... medialis and lateralis cross-sectional areas and patella structures The association between vastus medialis and lateralis crosssectional areas and patella structures, including cartilage and bone...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... Warmest thanks to my friends and officemates, Dr Loh Wai Soong, Dr Jin Liwen, Mr Sivanand Somasundaram, Ms Ho Siow Ling, Mr Teo Han Guan, Mr Bernard Saw Lip Huat, Ms Fan Yan, Ms Tong Wei and Mr ... advices, guidance, constant supports and motivations throughout my entire PhD candidature Special thanks to Prof Nail Suleimanov for his help in carrying out electron spin resonance experiment on αLi3V2(PO4)3/C ... Workshop on Fuel Cell Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 28-30 December 2011, Hong Kong Authors: H.S Lee, K Saravanan and P Balaya Title of Oral Presentation:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:10

... electronic conductivity and Li+ ion diffusion coefficient in the particle, particle size and working potential Fig 1.3 Conductions of Li+ ions and electrons during Li+ ion inserting process and ... conductivity and electronic conductivity in the particles, particle size and electrical conduction between the particles High Li+ ion and electronic conductivity in the particles, small particle size, and ... three types of anode reactions: intercalation, conversion and alloying [2,3] Intercalation-type anode materials are carbon-based materials (such as hard carbon, soft carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads),...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:18

... separated in two energy bands The energy bands which is fully occupied by electron is called the valence band and the higher energy bands those are empty are called the conduction band The energy gap ... created just below the conduction band and that newly created fully occupied energy band can reduce the band gap by acting a bridge between the valence and conduction band (Figure-1.2) The highest ... valence band, that newly created empty energy band can reduce the band gap by acting as a bridge between the valence and conduction band Where as in case of n-doping an occupied energy band is...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:24

... the 0-0 band being labelled as I and so on The intensities of various bands show a strong dependence on the solvent environment A significant enhancement is observed in the 0-0 vibronic band intensity ... Pyrene and its derivatives transfer energy mostly by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer or Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism6 where, an electronically excited donor transfers ... investigate many aspects of biomolecules including their conformational analyses and interaction in non-radioactive detection and visualization modes Pyrene has drawn attention for this application due...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:19

... dodecyltimethylammonium nonionic chloride) (e.g and Tween anionic 80), cationic (e.g (e.g sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) (Jiang, 2000) The effects of different surfactants on the nickel deposition rate and ... methionine, as the stabilizer in ENP bath The relationship between nickel deposition rate and concentration of two amino acids was set up and the critical concentrations for cysteine and methionine ... membranes, Nafion® is the most commonly used because of its good mechanical and chemical stability and high proton conductivity The enhancement of Pt utility and improvement of the endurance...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:01

... synthesized and used for the present study 6.3.1 Synthesis and characterization of monomers and polymers The polymers C6PPPOH, C12PPPOH and C18PPPOH were synthesized using Suzuki polycondensation as ... and reagents All reagents were purchased from Aldrich, Fluka, Merck and TCI and were used without further purification unless noted otherwise Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled over sodium and ... in an equal volume mixture of THF (50 ml) and absolute ethanol (50 mL) at RT 175 Experimental details Pd/C (10%, g) and drops of concentrated HCl were added to the solution and the reaction flask...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:36

... biomacromolecules are employed to control the size, shape and function of inorganic materials with controlled dimensions The adoption and manipulation of the synthesis of inorganic materials using artificial ... water and organic solvents On comparing the UV-Vis and emission studies of the polymers in THF and polymer-incorporated composite dispersed in THF, no significant shift in the absorption and emission ... Santra, S.; Wang, K.; Tapec, R.; Tan, W J Biomed Opt 2001, 6, 160 32 Santra, S.; Zhang, P.; Wang, K.; Tapec, R.; Tan, W Anal Chem 2001, 73, 4988 33 Lian, W.; Litherland, S A.; Badrane, H.; Tan,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:37