finite element fem and boundary element models bem

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 03:16

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 11:30

... (synthetically defined tryptophan and histidine dropout medium) and SD-WH + 1 m M 3-AT and WH + 5 mM 3-AT (synthetically defined tryptophan and histidine dropout media with 1 and 5 m M of 3-AT). The lane ... 3P-, G- and S-type HSEs at 22 °C and subjected to PAGE electrophoresis and phosphor-imag- ing. Double arrowheads show a complex containing two OsHsfA2c trimers and 4P- type HSE. Heat shock element ... binding at 32 and 37 °C; OsHsfA9 showed efficient binding at 22, 32 and 37 °C; and OsHsfB4b showed maximum binding at 22 °C. In con- trast, the DNA affinity of OsHsfA7, OsHsfB4c and OsHsfC1b polypeptides...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... left of the frame elements and joints. • Click and hold the left mouse button. • While holding, move the pointer below and to the right of the frame elements and joints. A “rubber-band” window will ... select all elements to relabel. You could select only a few elements, of any type, and relabel only the selected elements. 7. Click the Set Elements button on the main toolbar (or select Set Elements… ... frame and shell elements. SAP2000 Web Tutorial 1 16 44. Now we will return the shell element view to unfilled elements. Click the Set Elements button on the main toolbar (or select Set Elements…...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2012, 15:56

... 40%. The curves for bigram and unigram models have similar shapes, but the trigram models outperform the lower-order models. Error rates for the bigram models range from 37-45% and the unigram mod- els ... e.g. Lee and Myaeng’s (2002) genre and subject detection work and Boulis and Ostendorf’s (2005) work on feature selection for topic classification. For our LM classifiers, we followed Boulis and Ostendorf’s ... Britannica and CNN articles to train models of three n-gram or- ders on “child” text and “adult” text. This resulted in 12 LM perplexity features per article based on trigram, bigram and unigram...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... alignment and consistency (Picker- ing and Garrod, 2004; Halliday and Hasan, 1976) on the one hand, and variation (to improve text quality and readability) on the other hand (Belz and Reiter, 2006; ... consis- tency (Halliday and Hasan, 1976), and variation, which influence people’s assessment of discourse (Levelt and Kelter, 1982) and generated output (Belz and Reiter, 2006; Foster and Oberlander, 2006). Also, ... (Langkilde and Knight, 1998; Bangalore and Rambow, 2000; Oh and Rudnicky, 2000; White, 2004; Belz, 2008). However, there are other linguistic phenomena, such as alignment (Pickering and Garrod,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Technology and Society at the University of Tilburg (the Netherlands). Her fields of research are patent law, plant breeder’s rights law, patents and biotechnology, IP and biodiversity, and IP and ... research and to diagnosis and/ or treatment in further depth, and to investigate alternative mod- els. The models include patent pools, clearinghouse mechanisms, open source models and liability ... European and international antitrust and intellectual property, on research contracts and research cooperation, technology policy, corporate law and international trade law. Gene Patents and Collaborative...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... scientific understanding and computational demand. In this work, the history and current status of development and application of on-line models are reviewed. Several representative models developed ... Neary, Joanna Struzewska, and John C. McConnell 5 Status and Evaluation of Enviro-HIRLAM: Differences Between Online and Offline Models 61 Ulrik Korsholm, Alexander Baklanov, and Jens Havskov Sørensen 6 ... features and treatments for the five represen tative on-line coupled meteorology and chemistry models developed in the US are reviewed in terms of model systems and typical applications, aerosol and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... of both the phrase translation models (PT) and the lexicon models (LEX). The BLEU scores on training phrase models are shown in blue, and on training lexicon models in red. 32%$ 33%$ 34%$ 35%$ 36%$ 37%$ 25%$ 26%$ 27%$ 28%$ 29%$ 30%$ 0$ ... reordering model, word and phrase counts, and phrase and lexicon translation models. Given the focus of this paper, we review only the phrase and lexicon translation models below. 3.1. Phrase ... lexicon models alone gives a gain of 0.7 and 0.5 BLEU points, respectively, on the test set. For a full training of both phrase and lexicon models, we adopt two learning schedules: update both models...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... MK–EN, and Pr(b|e) and Pr(e|b) for EN–BG, where m, e, and b stand for a Macedonian, an English, and a Bulgarian word. Then, following (Callison-Burch et al., 2006; Wu and Wang, 2007; Utiyama and ... phrase-based transla- tion. In our experiments, we used GIZA++ (Och and Ney, 2003) with standard settings and the grow- diagonal-final -and heuristics to symmetrize the fi- nal IBM-model-4-based Viterbi ... translating a Macedo- nian word and (b) using its 1-best Bulgarian transliteration. System combination. Since word-level and character-level models have different strengths and weaknesses, we further...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... Parsing Models Log-linear models (also known as Maximum En- tropy models) are popular in NLP because of the ease with which discriminating features can be in- cluded in the model. Log-linear models ... Julia Hockenmaier for the use of CCGbank and helpful comments, and Mark Steedman for guidance and advice. Jason Baldridge, Frank Keller, Yuval Krymolowski and Miles Osborne provided useful feedback. ... derivations, including non-standard derivations. Non-standard derivations are an integral part of the CCG formalism, and it is an interesting question whether efficient estimation and parsing algorithms can...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... 234–243. Levy, R. and Andrew, G. (2006). Tregex and Tsur- geon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures. In Proceedings of the 2006 con- ference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Levy, ... sur- 1055 Hill, R. L. and Murray, W. S. (2000). Commas and spaces: Effects of punctuation on eye movements and sentence parsing. In Kennedy, A., Radach, R., Heller, D., and Pynte, J., editors, ... 1055–1065, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Integrating surprisal and uncertain-input models in online sentence comprehension: formal techniques and empirical...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... whether the intersection of a word-graph and an off- line parsable DCG is empty or not is decidable since 163 The intersection of Finite State Automata and Definite Clause Grammars Gertjan van ... in Bar-Hillel's Language and Information - Selected Essays on their Theory and Application, Addison Wesley series in Logic, 1964, pp. 116-150. S. Billot and B. Lang. 1989. The structure ... mis- used words (Teitelbaum, 1973; Saito and Tomita, 1988; Nederhof and Bertsch, 1994). Such techniques might be of use both in the case of written and spoken language input. In the latter...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... on Speech Communi- cation and Technology, pages 2205-2208, Aalborg, Denmark, September. S. Miller, R. Bobrow, R. Ingria, and R. Schwartz. 1994. Hidden understanding models of natural language. In ... University of Mary- land, College Park, MD, June. K. A. Papineni, S. Roukos, and R. T. Ward. 1997. Feature-based language understanding. In European Conf on Speech Communication and Technology, pages ... A. Papineni, S. Roukos, and R. T. Ward. 1998. Maximum likelihood and discriminative training of direct translation models. In Proc. Int. Conf on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pages 189-192,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... tional Codes and an Asymptotical Optimal De- coding Algorithm. In Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 61, pp. 268-278. Below, a and b designate symbols, A and B designate languages, and R and q desig- ... resulting FST can be handled by finite 9A maximal length of three classes is not considered here because of the high increase in size and a low in- crease in accuracy. 465 and ~S,~ from the ... classes, Cl with the two tags tn and t12, c2 with the three tags t21, t22 and t23 , and c3 with one tag t31. Different classes may contain the same tag, e.g. t12 and t2s may refer to the same...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:10

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 17:08

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 16:17