... 2001).
Panels B of Tables 1 and 2 present the analysisof the effects of operati ng liability
leverage. Unlevered profitability, ROOA, has a mean (median) of 8.7(8.2)%
compared with a mean (median) of 11.4(10.1)% ... ratio.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTANALYSISOF LEVERAGE 539
3.4. Time-Series Variation
The measurement of operating liabilities has changed over time. Specifically,
standards pertaining to the recognition of ... Thus, for the persistence of ROCE to increase in
OLLEV, at least one of the following explanations must hold: (1) operating liabilities
FINANCIAL STATEMENTANALYSISOF LEVERAGE 549
that our...
... the following sections of companies’ reports:
➢ Financial statements
➢ Notes to financial statements
➢ Supplementary information
Each of these sections of the companies’ financial reports will ... Stockholders 36
Financial Highlights 38
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 38
Financial Statements 40
Income Statement 40
Balance Sheet 41
Cash Flow Statement 41
Notes to Consolidated Statements ... manipulation offinancial information
❏ Serves as a standard language of recording financial performance
❏ Allows company officers, investors, and general public to assess a firm’s financial per-
formance
❏...
...
cheques
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS & ANALYSIS
INVENTORY & CASH
Example of control test
ã
Petty Cash
Test of petty cash vouchers for appropriate
authorizations
Test cancellations of paid cash ... should be done daily or weekly
Examine evidence of independents checks of bank
reconciliations (signature)
Examine evidence of follow up of outstanding
items on the bank reconciliation. ...
being stolen
See Purchase returns
INVENTORY
ã
Objectives of control
Inventory level are in keeping with the needs of
ã
Production of raw material
ã
Customer demand (finished goods)
Inventory...
... Assessing the extent of auditing needed to form an opinion about a client’s financial
statements
OVERVIEW OFFINANCIALSTATEMENT ANALYSIS
We view effective financialstatementanalysis as a three-legged ... iv
About the Authors xvii
Chapter 1 Overview ofFinancial Reporting, FinancialStatement
Analysis, and Valuation 1
Overview ofFinancialStatementAnalysis 2
Step 1: Identify the Industry Economic ... Wall Street and around the world
for financialstatementanalysis and valuation.
Given the profound importance offinancial reporting, financialstatement analysis, and
valu ation, and given...
... Blocks for FinancialStatementAnalysis
Financial Statement Analysis
Economics
Financial Statements
Strategy
EXHIBIT 1.2
The Six Interrelated Sequential Steps in FinancialStatement Analysis
1. ... iv
About the Authors xvii
Chapter 1 Overview ofFinancial Reporting, FinancialStatement
Analysis, and Valuation 1
Overview ofFinancialStatementAnalysis 2
Step 1: Identify the Industry Economic ... States
Financial Reporting,
Financial Statement Analysis,
and Valuation
A Strategic Perspective
7e
James M. Wahlen
Professor of Accounting
James R. Hodge Chair of Excellence
Kelley School of...
... 7.6 1,500
Viet Nam 5.9 1,000
Taiwan 5.1 2,500
24
Analysisof Short Term Financial Position or Test of Liquidity:
Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Profitability Ratio
Ratio
Efficiency Ratio
Trade creditors; ...
operating expenses and volume of sales. Expense ratios are calculated by dividing
each item of expense or group of expenses with the net sales so analyse the cause
of variation of the operating ratio. ... Ratio of factory overheads to sales: (Factory expenses / Net sales) ì 100
ã Ratio of office and administration expenses to sales: (Office and
administration expenses / Net sales) ì 100
ã Ratio of...
... Ratios including Gross Profit, Operating Profit and Net Profit
Ratio.
Operating Profit figures for Maruti and Tata are comparable but Net
Profit Ratio for Maruti exceeds Tata by considerable margin. ...
For TataMotors
Considering the Company’s financial performance, the Directors
recommended a dividend of 4/- per share (200%) on the capital of
2,70,77,31,241 Ordinary Shares of `2/- ... Sheet, the Profit
and Loss Statement and the Cash Flow Statement dealt with by this
report are in agreement with the books of account and the Balance
Sheet, the Profit and Loss Statement and...
... 119
Operating Profit
Margin
119
Net Profit Margin 120
Return on Total
Assets
120
Return on Equity 121
Return on Common
Equity
121
Du Pont Analysisof
ROE
123
T
ABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
S
UMMARY OFFINANCIAL ... %==
CHAPTER 4: FinancialStatementAnalysis Tools
122
Du Pont Analysis
The return on equity (ROE) is important to both managers and investors. The effectiveness
of managers is often measured ... the
shareholders of the firm:
Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit
Sales
=
Gross Profit Margin
600.00
3,850.00
15.58%==
10.1558–=
Operating Profit Margin
Net Operating Income
Sales
=
Operating Profit Margin
149.70
3,850.00
...
... statementanalysis is the common-size financial statement. What
does this tool enable the financial analyst to do?
a. Evaluate financial statements of companies within a given industry of approximately ... and that the profit
margin will remain at 15% of sales. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Profit will grow by 25%.
B. The profit margin will grow by 15%.
C. Profit will grow ... higher than the after-tax cost of long-term debt, then
leverage is positive, and the common stockholders will benefit.
c. The results offinancial statements analysis are of value only when viewed...
... cost of goods sold (COGS), but the temporary impact is a direct
boost in pre-tax profits of half a billion dollars. To summarize, an aging asset base - the result of the
company disposing of ... current profits of $355 million.
Goodwill
Goodwill is created when one company (the buyer) purchases another company (the target). At the time of
purchase, all of the assets and liabilities of the ... (represented on the top row of the box below):
To illustrate the parsing of revenues, we will use the latest annual report from Office Depot (ticker: ODP), a
global retail supplier of office products and...
... of Contents
ã Preface
ã Spread Sheet
ã Trend Analysis
ã Graphical representation of ratio
ã Comments on Trend analysis
ã Common Size Analysis
ã Comments on common size analysis
ã Index Size Analysis
ã ... in
Days
Profatibality Ratio
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
2003 2004 2005
Years
Percentage
ROE
ROA / ROI
Net Profit
Margin
Operating Profit
Margin
Gross Profit
Margin
Preface
Title:
Financial StatementAnalysis ... items of liabilities are also declining over three
Years in relation with the percentage of total assets.
The income statementanalysis shows that gross profit is increasing but
operating profit...
... information provided in the financial statements
is of immense use in making decisions through analysis and interpretation of
financial statements (James C. 2002)
Financial statementanalysis involves ... ADVANTAGES OF RATIOS ANALYSIS
Ratio analysis is an important and age-old technique offinancial analysis. The
following are some of the advantages / Benefits of ratio analysis (Rasid J. 2009):
7
Financial ... companies, and analyzing key financial ratios.
2.2 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OFFINANCIALSTATEMENT ANALYSIS
Following are the most important tools and techniques offinancialstatement
analysis (Remi A. 2006):
1....
... chosen for
analysis.
3.3 Method of Data Analysis
The analysisof the data is based on the following methods or approaches of
financial statement analysis:
1. Trend analysis
2. Ratio analysis ... 19
Financial Statement Analysis: A Tool for Performance Evaluation
2.8 LIMITATIONS OFFINANCIALSTATEMENT ANALYSIS
Although financialstatementanalysis is highly useful ... information provided in the financial statements
is of immense use in making decisions through analysis and interpretation of
financial statements (James C. 2002)
Financial statementanalysis involves...
... aspects of its financial statements.
On the other hand, enterprise software companies such as Oracle or PeopleSoft naturally
pose above-average accounting risk. Their products are often bundled ... cost of
goods sold (COGS) and the LIFO reserve.
To illustrate the parsing of revenues, we will use the latest annual report from Office
Depot (ticker: ODP), a global retail supplier of office ... dozens of dense footnotes and adjusted
numbers offered as alternatives to the recognized numbers contained in the body of the
income statement and balance sheet. For example, companies often...