factors influencing indoor air quality

... discrepancy between current Indoor Air Quality standards and end-users wishes and demands Indoor air quality can be approached from three points of view: the human, the indoor air of the space and the ... odorous unit, while indoor air quality over time can for example be related to the number of people developing a certain illness From the indoor air point view, indoor air quality is often expressed ... reason for problems with the indoor environment and its parameters (i.e indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting and sound quality) DISCUSSION AC For indoor air quality, for most of the 20th...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:11

... risks of indoor air pollution Indoor exposure to air pollutants may occur in both private and public indoor environments such as homes, offices, schools and transport systems Some indoor air pollutants ... vulnerable than others to indoor air pollution Credit: Stephan Czuratis Why are the combined effects of indoor air pollutants hard to measure? Like outdoor air, indoor air contains a complex mixture ... on indoor air quality is needed? 9.1 The data available for risk assessment of indoor air pollution are scarce and often insufficient Information is available on the concentrations in indoor air...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 02:20

... issued a report on the role of indoor air quality in the growing asthma epidemic The report, “Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures,” confirmed that indoor pollutants are an important ... http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/asthma/index.html U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Indoor Environments Division Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Indoor Air Quality and Student Performance, August 2000, EPA 402-F-00-009 ... transportation Promote good indoor air quality by reducing or eliminating allergens and irritants Although school districts have no control over the quality of the air outdoors, there are questions...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:20

... Volatile organic compounds, indoor air quality and health In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.) Indoor Air '90, Proceedings of the 5th Interantional Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Toronto, ... - 2225 - Seifert, B., 1990 Regulating indoor air In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.), Indoor Air '90, Proceedings of the 5th Interantional Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Toronto, Canada, ... compounds to air quality complaints in office buildings of the European Parliament In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.), Indoor Air '90, Proceedings o the 5th Interantional Conference on f Indoor Air Quality...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... of the prevailing and ever-looming issues, indoor air quality investigative methodologies are evolving Indoor air quality is complex! Many indoor air quality situations culminate with litigation, ... involving various indoor air quality allegations are ongoing Thus, the driving force in indoor air quality investigations has become fear of litigation The cost of a thorough indoor air quality investigation ... of poor perceived or actual indoor air quality by far outweighs the cost of a good, sound indoor air quality assessment! Investigation Plan 17 An effective indoor air quality assessment involves...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 17:20

... per year are caused by air pollution [2] Especially the quality of indoor air is of utmost importance for human health Not only because people spend most of their time indoors (in industrialized ... analysis to basic research on influencing factors of ETS-dependent PM concentration Introduction The supply of clean air is regarded as one of the most important basic factors for the human health ... PM1) must be stated The tobacco smoke particles and indoor air quality study (ToPIQS) will approach this issue by device supported generation of indoor ETS and simultaneously measurements of PM...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... development of a computational model for indoor air quality numerical simulation and a methodology to determine the outside airflow rate and to verify the indoor air quality in enclosed spaces Chapter ... indoor air quality assessment and control is necessary to evaluate the occupants’ discomfort and health effects and to develop guidelines and standards The chapter focuses on the indoor air quality ... for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Jason Lien and N.A Ahmed 507 539 Chapter 21 Improving the Quality of the Indoor Environment Utilizing Desiccant-Assisted Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 12:20

... questionnaire Items Sufficient expert panel support 1.1 The collaborative chairperson was an opinion leader 1.2 The expert panel provided information and advice for changes 1.3 The collaborative chairperson ... 103(2):265-275 doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-84 Cite this article as: Schouten et al.: Factors influencing success in qualityimprovement collaboratives: development and psychometric testing of an instrument ... theoretical concepts influencing success from these papers Then they categorized the items using the following definition as a template: ‘A QIC is an organised, multifaceted approach to quality improvement...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... levels of smut indoors are generally equal to or less than that of the outdoor air If the smut and rust spore levels equal the outdoor air, the fresh air is not adequately filtering the air Slime ... LLC As for assessing indoor air quality, sample results may require additional considerations The indoor counts should be compared to outdoor counts and, if possible, to indoor noncomplaint areas, ... may all be airborne Airborne microbial allergens are indoors and outdoors Generally, the outdoor levels are greater than the indoor levels Even when the outdoor levels exceed the indoor levels,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:20

... Their presence in indoor air quality is not so much an issue as the type of compounds, exposure levels, and duration of exposure Indoor air quality generally consists of the outside air and all the ... identification of twenty compounds commonly found in indoor air quality assessments See Table 8.2 for a listing of the most frequently implicated VOCs in indoor air quality, recommended limits (i.e., ACGIH, ... reported that 17 percent of all their indoor air quality surveys have identified volatile organics as either the cause or contributor to the indoor air quality complaints Many offices spaces...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:20

... dust in indoor air quality was also found to consist of human epidermal cells, plant pollen, human/animal hairs, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals (from outdoor soils and dust brought indoors), ... University suggested that indoor air quality problems were caused by glass fibers Possible sources of airborne glass fiber exposures include, but are not limited to, fireproofing in air plenums, ceiling ... ©2002 CRC Press LLC air movement from the outside to enclosed air spaces indoors Indoor accumulations of insect carcasses are common The indoor environment may become a repository of debris Outdoor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:20

... that indoor air represents one of the most important environmental problems based on estimated population risks The EPA’s 1989 report to Congress on Indoor Air Quality concluded that indoor air ... currently maintains an indoor air quality program designed to: (1) characterize indoor air problems, (2) identify, assess, and implement strategies to mitigate indoor air hazards, and (3) disseminate ... role in Europe on indoor air quality issues Among their activities are research and communication programs for indoor air quality and guidelines for pollutant concentrations in indoor and outdoor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... specifically mention indoor air pollution, the indoor environment provides the opportunity for more concentrated and continuous exposures to mixtures of pollutants than are generated both indoors and ... Hazardous Air Pollutants, Commission on Life Sciences, National Academy Press: Washington, DC Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D 1990 Introduction to the risk assessment workshop on indoor air quality, ... following four steps (Moschandreas [1988] provides useful explanatory material relating to indoor air quality) : Hazard Identification Hazard identification is the determination whether a particular...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... an indoor air pollutant Adverse health effects can be useful indicators of an indoor air quality problem (EPA 1995b) The approaches that may be used to gain evidence that a suspect indoor air ... detected in indoor air environments Table in Chapter summarizes the primary indoor air pollutants This section reviews the health hazards that have been attributed to select indoor air pollutants, ... associated with indoor air pollutants (Weiss 1993) Because of the relatively low levels of exposure to indoor air pollutants, and the limited variation in exposure to indoor air pollutants in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... expectation of which depends upon indices of air quality and weather on the same or previous days In this type of study, inferences regarding the association of air pollution with the health events of ... is interested in relating the failure to preceding levels of one or more risk factors, such as genetic and lifestyle factors and exposure to external agents, collectively referred to as covariates ... and Day 1987) In the field of air pollution epidemiology, relative risk regression models were used for analyses of two important studies of the long-term effects of air pollution on health These...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... applied to indoor air exposure assessments A Identifying Pollutants and Sources of Indoor Air Contaminants In the Report to Congress on Indoor Air Quality (EPA 1989), the EPA grouped indoor air pollutants ... activity patterns on indoor pollutant concentrations Indoor air quality models, also called transport models, attempt to characterize the movement of air pollutants through defined indoor spaces and ... model The EPA’s Report to Congress on Indoor Air describes four general categories of indoor air models Source emission models are used to predict emissions from indoor sources of pollutants For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... posed by volatile organic compounds in indoor air, Risk Analysis 10(1):49 Stolwijk, J.A.J 1992 Risk assessment of acute health and comfort effects of indoor air pollution, Annals of the New York ... Science, Technology, and Human Values 12(3/4):4–10 Repace, J.L., Lowrey, A.H 1993 An enforceable indoor air quality standard for environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace, Risk Analysis 13(4):463–475 ... pollution legislation requires the best available technology The EPA’s Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, which handles regulatory activities on radiation, is unique in its interaction with powerful...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... driving to the airport Estimating the driving time to the airport requires consideration of traffic conditions, such as rush-hour congestion or construction delays, and other factors, such as ... Council (AIHC) 1994 Exposure Factors Sourcebook, AIHC Environmental Health Risk Assessment Subcommittee, Exposure Factors Sourcebook Task Force, Washington, DC Baird, J.S., Cohen, J.T., et al ... uncertainty: An illustration of methods using an air toxics emissions example, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2(4):762–797 Gratt, L.B 1989 Uncertainty in air toxics risk assessment, for presentation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... at risk, and air quality comparisons across the air sampling monitor sites in areas where standards are met Indoor Particulate Matter The OSHA regulates substances in the workplace air by establishing ... issue air quality criteria in a Criteria Document, hence the term “criteria pollutant.” Section 109 then required the EPA to propose and promulgate primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality ... 1994 workplace standards on indoor air quality relating largely to environmental tobacco smoke The proposal was based on the OSHA determination that employees working in indoor environments face...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21