extraction reverse transcription and real time polymerase chain reaction
Báo cáo y học: "Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, and clinical assessment of inflammatory and destructive changes in fingers and toes of patients with psoriatic arthritis" pot
... hands and feet in a posterior-anterior projection was performed within a month of the US X-rays of both hands and feet (2nd–5th MCP, PIP, DIP, and MTP joints) were assessed for bone erosions and ... x-ray and not by US were in the non-MRIexamined hand However, x-ray erosions (all in PsA: MCP and DIP joints) and proliferations (both PsA: DIP joints) were located in the MRI-examined hand and ... were examined by US, 300 by MRI, and 795 by x-ray Ultrasonography observations in PsA and RA patients and CTRLs The observations by US in PsA and RA patients and CTRLs are listed in Table In...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" pptx
... good to acceptable muscular quality (stade 0, and according to Goutallier and normal or hypertrophic) and one with bad muscular quality (stade and and absent or hypotrophic) The state of the tendons ... relationship between the rotator cuff status on the one hand and medialization, vertical erosion of the glenoid [16] and acetabularization [11] on the other hand This relativates the statement of Visotsky ... through point and parallel to the Bline [13,17,29]; acromial thickness: measured in mm at the most thin part; medialisation and ascention: measured in mm between marking points m and 5, measured...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" docx
... good to acceptable muscular quality (stade 0, and according to Goutallier and normal or hypertrophic) and one with bad muscular quality (stade and and absent or hypotrophic) The state of the tendons ... relationship between the rotator cuff status on the one hand and medialization, vertical erosion of the glenoid [16] and acetabularization [11] on the other hand This relativates the statement of Visotsky ... through point and parallel to the Bline [13,17,29]; acromial thickness: measured in mm at the most thin part; medialisation and ascention: measured in mm between marking points m and 5, measured...
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Báo cáo y học: "proximal interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, conventional radiography and clinical examination" pdf
... fifth MCP joints and the second to fifth PIP joints of the dominant hand: the dorsal, radial and palmar aspects of the second MCP joint; the dorsal and palmar aspects of the third and fourth MCP ... radiography and clinical examination and comparable to the information provided by MRI Materials and methods Patients We examined a total of 158 second to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and 140 ... absence of bone erosions (Figures and 2) and each joint was assessed for the presence or absence of signs of inflammation (joint effusion and synovitis; Figures and 3) The following definitions...
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Báo cáo y học: " The Chinese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale: Replication and extension to non-clinical and clinical individuals with OCD symptoms" pps
... GDM and JJ designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft of the paper WHY collected the data and assisted data analysis RCKC conceived and designed the study, and ... our results and the original as well Peng et al BMC Psychiatry 2011, 11:129 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/129 Page of Table Means and Standard Deviations for subscales and total scores ... expert committee review on the relevance and representation of items used for the final outcome setting, and (5) pilot testing and probe to get at understanding of item [18] After having received...
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Báo cáo y học: "Natural history and clinical significance of MRI-detected bone marrow lesions at the knee: a prospective study in community dwelling older adults" pot
... genetic, and biochemical factors associated with the development and progression of OA at multiple sites (hand, knee, hip, and spine) Subjects between the ages of 50 and 80 years where randomly ... individual and examine the association between changes in WOMAC scores (pain, function, and stiffness) and continuous changes in BML size Standard diagnostic checks of model adequacy and unusual ... measurement error and the correlation between the BML measurements at baseline and follow-up The formula was as follows: LSC = 1.96 × 2(1 − ) where s is the standard error of the mean and r is the...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx
... 3430 BE Nieuwegein The Netherlands zoethout@rijnhuizen.nl X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems A Erko, M Idir, Th Krist, and A.G Michette Abstract Although X-rays and neutrons can provide different ... good working distance between the optics and the sample, and are expected to become standard elements in synchrotron beamline instrumentation in general and in high energy X-ray microscopy in particular ... friendly, easy accessable and easy-to-learn program for everyday use with a minimum effort on data and file handling Alternative to these programs based on intensity distributions and geometric optics,...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx
... difficult or time consuming to calculate in real time These include tables for source flux distribution and reflectivity of supermirror coatings In this way, simulations can be made very realistically ... Illumination of a reflection grating and baffling to preserve the time structure of the light beam intensity 100 210 fs 100 fs −300 −200 −100 100 200 300 time [fs] Fig 2.16 Time structure of the rays after ... investigation This is especially the case of moderators and beam extraction systems, both new ones and systems which have been in operation for some time Investigation of energy dependent features of...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc
... 20 and 30 for horizontal and vertical focusing, respectively For the parabolic guide, the respective numbers were 14 and 22 Gaps between the blades and focal distances were defined by entrance and ... neutron guides or benders and the reflectivity of real Ni and supermirror coatings can be determined experimentally Mirror reflectivity can be thus stored in lookup tables and the problem is reduced ... point r and the instantaneous electron position re (τ ), R = |R(τ )|, R(τ ) = r − re (τ ), t is the time in laboratory frame, τ is the integration variable having the dimension of time, and δ(x)...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx
... present a very high potential for refractive optics such as Be and diamond However beryllium is difficult to handle and machine, and thus Be refractive optics has been developed only for the field ... and possibly ESS in Europe) which are coming online They require to operate in the Time of Flight mode Overall, focusing monochromators are the best solution for thermal neutrons and small bandwidth ... waveguide with Si walls and photon wavelength λ = 0.1 nm is shown The waveguide supports only one mode Figure 6.8a depicts the analytical solution given by (6.26) and (6.27), and Fig 6.8b represents...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc
... optimal first-order diffraction efficiencies of 23.2, 18.8, and 23.5% at 256, 383, and 630 nm height for zone plates with drn = 20 nm made of Ni, Ge, and Si, respectively However, the coupled-wave calculations ... L:S-ratio, zone width, wavelength of 2.4 nm and chemical elements optimal efficiency values of 23.2, 16.5, and 14.4% at optimal zone heights of 270, 350, and 470 nm, respectively Therefore, good agreement ... germanium, and silicon zone plates with a line-to-space ratio of L:S = 20 nm:20 nm and a rectangular zone profile as a function of the zone height Parameters: unslanted zone structures and imaging...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx
... (a) and the 0.6 μm pinhole (b) With the 1.7 and 0.6 μm pinholes, respectively, wavefront focus terms (c) and (d), residual absolute wavefronts (e) and (f), and repeatability measurements (g) and ... CCD and the desired performance of the sensor in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, dynamic, and spatial resolution HWS are totally achromatic, offer a much better performance, and are robust and ... Fourier transformation and contains an optimal turn and smoothing of the output topology, a graphic output of the topologies and profiles as well as the generation of the dwell times A 40 mm Kaufmann-type...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc
... wide energy band depends essentially on the thickness precision of all layers and on the smoothness, homogeneity, and sharpness of all interfaces It is therefore easy to understand how, in order ... often a poorly detailed approximation of the real one On the other hand, the application of PPM to the analysis of XRR data returns very detailed fits and a realistic description of the multilayer ... or /and the energy resolution, e.g., for narrow-band multilayers used as monochromators Therefore, the reflectivity scan of a multilayer is very sensitive to thickness drifts and irregularities, and...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc
... between the sample and a CCD detector Real- Time Diffractometry The principle described in the second part of the last section can also be used to record diffractograms in real time In the same way, ... expansion, and high heat conductivity [139, 140] These lenses are mechanically robust and can withstand the high heat load of the white beam produced by the ESRF in vacuum undulators and from future ... the following: they are very robust and small, the focal length and size are adjustable by adding or removing individual lenses, and the lenses can withstand a high heatload The lens aperture...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx
... imaging screens and detector systems with thin YAG:Ce and other monocrystal scintillator screens have been designed and tested Camera systems based on monocrystal scintillator, optics and CCD detector ... halves adjacent the central air gap In (b) and (c) rows 13–17 from the upper lens half and in (d) and (e) the last four rows 26–29 are shown In (a), (b), and (d) are obtained with the maximum of ... left of the bar) in (a), (c), and (e), and it is 0.2 (scale to the right of the bar) in (b) and (d) Fig 21.8 Radiographs from a clessidra lens well aligned in tilt and roll angle at different positions...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc
... transmission and maximum polarization and can be reliably reached 22 Neutron Supermirror Development 367 He spin filters need an expensive infrastructure and permanent maintenance and the technology ... alternatively deposited materials, h and l, with respective thickness, dh and dl , and assuming that the interfacial stress (as for instance, in the system Mo/Si and W/Si) is negligible compared ... thickness and roughness of the two individual layers and one extra layer of a mixed material at each interface XRD measurements were employed to determine the grain size and the crystallinity, and...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 11 docx
... left-hand plot shows the layer thickness distribution and the right-hand graph shows the calculated (line) and measured reflectivities “total” reflectivity part of the spectrum (below keV) and at ... elliptical, parabolic, and flat For an elliptical surface, sin2 θ = b2 , pq (25.2) where θ is the glancing angle, b is the semiminor axis of the ellipse, and p and q are the object and image distances ... generalization of standard two-material multilayers to any number of materials An SQWM with just one material and only one period can be modeled step by step by removing one material at a time (and correspondingly...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps
... radius), Fhr is u the real part of the structure factor Fh (h stands here for M¨ ller indices hkl), P is the polarization factor, and e−M is the temperature factor The index s stands for the symmetrical ... diffracting planes and the surface and is taken as positive for grazing incidence The asymmetry index, b, is defined according to Matsushita and Hashizume [4] The typical values of Δθs and ωs are from ... 26.7b, is ideal [19] The second and the third crystals cancel the aberrations discussed above and the first and fourth crystals keep the direction of impinging and exit beams the same, which is...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 13 doc
... ) exp −ikh re , (28.25) where indices i,d and 0,h correspond to the incident and the diffracted waves in the vacuum and in the crystal, respectively and re is the radius-vector of the input surface ... reciprocal space and in energy, and progress has also been made in improving resolution in real space In this chapter a short introduction to the dynamical theory behind crystal diffractors and their ... coupling is given and modern one- and two-dimensional elements based on symmetric, asymmetric and inclined diffractions are introduced The design, the modeling of the output parameters and the experimental...
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