extended precision and signed operations chapter 5

... which are optimally 5. 5 1 .5 1 .5 1 0 .5 0 .5 0 -0 .5 -0 .5 -1 155 APPLICATIONS -1 -1 .5 -1 -1 .5 -1 (a) (b) 1 .5 1 .5 1 0 .5 0 .5 0 -0 .5 -0 .5 -1 -1 -1 .5 -1 (c) -1 .5 -1 (d ) Figure 5. 5 Phase plots of xkþ1 ... rxN wjyN 1 rxN wjyN 1 rxN jw (5. 51) (5. 52) (5. 53) Prediction error Maximum likelihood EM $rwjyN rwjyN n.a (5. 59) (5. 58) (5. 62) pe J ðwÞ J ml ðwÞ J em ðwÞ 1 144 DUAL EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER METHODS ... À2.27 À1:63 1.60 À2 .59 À1: 35 1.60 2. 65 2 .58 5. 60 1.44 2.87 5. 05 1.69 2.48 6.42 1.06 2.68 4.24 0.16 1.07 4.10 À0.23 1. 05 7.82 4 .51 4.19 6.78 4.39 4.96 9.36 3.46 4.24 8.10 3 .54 5. 05 9.61 a Different...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:16

... 4.20 Chapter Review Questions and Problems Reference Chapter 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 5. 6 5. 7 5. 8 5. 9 Water Hydraulics What is Water Hydraulics? Basic Concepts 5. 2.1 Stevin’s Law Properties of Water 5. 3.1 ... 5. 3.1 Density and SpeciÞc Gravity Force and Pressure 5. 4.1 Hydrostatic Pressure 5. 4.2 Effects of Water under Pressure Head 5. 5.1 Static Head 5. 5.2 Friction Head 5. 5.3 Velocity Head 5. 5.4 Total Dynamic ... Fluorides 14 .5 Chapter Review Questions and Problems References Part IV Water and Water Treatment Chapter 15 Potable Water Sources 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 Introduction 15. 1.1 Key Terms and DeÞnitions 15. 1.2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... analyses, and adjust the amount of chemicals, such as chlorine, in the water and wastestream They use a variety of instruments to sample and measure water quality, and common hand and power tools ... sludge/biosolids treatment, biosolids land application and disposal, and flow measurements Correspondence courses covering both water and wastewater operations and preparation for © 2003 by CRC Press ... • • • products and by-products, clean water, or wastewater for laboratory analysis; receives, stores, handles and applies chemicals and other supplies needed for operation of assigned station;...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... + 650 ft ) (320 ft + 350 ft ) ¥ ¥ ft ft 62.4 lbs of water = 6 25 ft ¥ 3 35 ft ¥ ft = 1, 256 , 250 ft 4.6 FORCE, PRESSURE, AND HEAD Force, pressure, and head are important parameters in water and ... correct answer EXAMPLE 4.30 50 psi ¥ © 2003 by CRC Press LLC ft 0.433 psi = 1 15. 5 ft Problem: Convert a pressure of 55 psi to ft of head EXAMPLE 4. 35 Solution: 55 psi ¥ 1 ft 0.433 psi = 127 ... tank handles a flow of 7 .5 MGD The tank is 70 ¥ 20 ¥ 15 ft and rectangular What is the detention time? 4. 45 A circular clarifier handles a flow of 0. 85 MGD The clarifier has a 20 ft radius and a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 0.017–0.0 25 Earth: dredged 0.023–0.030 Earth: stony 0.0 25 0.0 35 Rock: jagged and irregular 0.0 25 0.033 0.0 25 0.040 0.0 35 0.0 45 a 0.013–0.0 15 0.012–0.0 15 0.021–0.026 0.010–0.013 0.013–0.0 15 N/R = ... ft3/sec is 449 gal/min, so 7. 85 ft3/sec ¥ 449 gal/min/ft3/sec = 352 5 gal/min (rounded) Finally, for part (c), MGD is 1 .55 ft3/sec, so: 7. 85 ft sec 1 .55 ft sec MGD = 5. 06 MGD Note: Flow may be laminar ... number of gallons in a reservoir that has a volume of 855 .5 ft.3 Solution: 855 .5 ft ¥ 7.48 gal ft = 6399 gal ( rounded ) Note: As mentioned in Chapter 4, the term head is used to designate water...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 3,260.0 2 ,58 0.0 2, 050 .0 1,620.0 1,290.0 1,020.0 810.0 642.0 50 9.0 404.0 320.0 254 .0 202.0 160.0 127.0 101.0 79.7 63.2 50 .1 39.8 31 .5 25. 0 19.8 15. 7 12 .5 9.9 126 159 201 253 319 403 50 8 641 808 ... 1.62 2.04 2 .58 3. 25 4.09 5. 16 6 .51 8.21 10.4 13.1 16 .5 20.8 26.4 33.0 41.6 52 .5 66.2 83.4 1 05. 0 133.0 167.0 211.0 266.0 3 35. 0 423.0 53 3.0 673.0 848.0 1070.0 Source: From Spellman, F.R and Drinan, ... 25. 3 22.6 20.1 17.9 15. 9 14.2 12.6 11.3 10.0 8.9 8.0 7.1 6.3 5. 6 5. 0 4 .5 4.0 3 .5 3.1 83,700.0 66,400.0 52 ,600.0 41,700.0 33,100.0 26,300.0 20,800.0 16 ,50 0.0 13,100.0 10,400.0 8,230.0 6 ,53 0.0 5, 180.0...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 2.31 and that the pressure at the gauge is 37 psi 37 psi ¥ 2.31 ft psi = 85. 5 ft ( rounded ) 14.7 psi ¥ 2.31 ft psi = 33. 957 or 34 ft 178 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations ... be calculated by the formula: Q=V¥A Finally, for part (c), MGD is 1 .55 ft3/sec, so: 7. 85 ft sec 1 .55 ft sec MGD = 5. 06 MGD (7 .5) where Q = discharge (ft3/sec) V = water velocity (ft/sec) A = cross-section ... diffuser, and vertical turbine Mixed flow Propeller Ns Range 50 0 50 00 50 00–10,000 9000– 15, 000 Note: The higher the specific speed of the pump, the higher the efficiency 184 Handbook of Water and Wastewater...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... STANDARDS, CODES, AND SIZES Just as they have for piping and tubing, authoritative standards organizations have devised standards and codes for hoses Standards and codes are safety measures designed ... also to handle the fluid pressure On the other hand, copper tubing is typically designed for brazed and soldered connections, rather than threaded ones Thus, its 254 Handbook of Water and Wastewater ... Components and Frankel, M., Compressed Air Piping Systems In Piping Handbook, 7th ed., Nayyar, M.L., (ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill, pp A .53 –A.83, C. 755 –C.777, 2000 43 Adapted from Bandes, A and Gorelick,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Constant 22 .5 30∞ 45 60∞ 90∞ 120∞ 0.497 0.676 1.0 35 1.443 2 .50 0 4.330 9.3.4 WEIR OVERFLOW (WEIR LOADING RATE) Q ft sec ¥ 1, 000, 000 (9.4) (9.1) Time Re quired (min) ( ) Q ft sec = K ¥ H 2 .5 Weir ... corrosion-resistant wetted parts, and highly accurate output “The greatest disadvantage of this type of meter is its initial cost and the need for trained personnel to handle routine operation and maintenance.”2 ... of charts or graphs and appropriate conversions Then, the following equations may be used ( 60 sec ¥ 1440 d = 3, 150 , 57 6 gal d ) Q ft sec = K ¥ H n (9.6) A grit channel 35 in wide has water...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 300 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations disinfectants are reported to be toxic and carcinogenic to humans if ingested over an extended period The removal of NOM and reduction ... dissolved and suspended elements and particles — and the waterworks operator must deal with them 10 .5 WATER SOLUTIONS A solution is a condition in which one or more substances are uniformly and evenly ... Soft Moderately hard Hard Very hard 0– 75 75 150 150 –300 Over 300 Source: From Spellman, F.R., The Science of Water, Technomic Publ., Lancaster, PA, 1998 and alkalinity often occur together, because...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... just reach down and collect those rocks in front of us and within easy reach and then measure each © 2003 by CRC Press LLC Boulder Cobble Pebble Gravel Sand Silt Clay > 256 mm 64– 256 mm 16–64 mm ... and may take on the characteristics of a wetland © 2003 by CRC Press LLC 353 Silt and organic materials settle and accumulate in the streambed of slowly flowing streams These materials decay and ... conditions Larger animals found in slow moving streams and rivers include newts, tadpoles, and 354 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations frogs As mentioned, the important characteristic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Adverse Effect 250 mg/L 15 cua mg/L Noncorrosive mg/L 0 .5 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0. 05 mg/L TONb 6 .5 8 .5 250 mg/L 50 0 mg/L mg/L Causes taste Appearance problems Tastes and odors Tastes and odors Dental ... Loughborough, 19 75 10 Gilcreas, F.W., Sanderson, W.W., and Elmer, R.P., Two methods for the determination of grease in sewage, Sewage Ind Wastes, 25, 1379, 1 953 11 Rowe, D.R and Abdel-Magid, I.M., Handbook ... particles from land surfaces or sand, silt, and clay from stream bank erosion of channel scour Suspended solids can include both organic (detritus and biosolids) and inorganic (sand or finer colloids)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 33 34 5 5 5 0 1 1 2 23 31 43 33 46 63 5 5 5 2 3 2 49 70 94 79 110 140 5 4 180 130 170 5 4 4 220 280 350 5 5 5 5 5 5 240 350 54 0 920 1600 ≥2400 Source: Spellman, F.R., Spellman’s Standard Handbook ... Stream or river 38 39 40 50 51 41 52 53 42 43 54 35 36 37 44 45 46 47 55 56 57 58 59 60 48 49 61 62 10 11 12 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 ... Population 25 1,000a 1001– 250 0 250 1–3300 3301–4100 4101–4900 4901 58 00 58 01–6700 6701–7600 7601– 850 0 850 1–12,900 12,901–17,200 17,201–21 ,50 0 21 ,50 1– 25, 000 25, 001–33,000 33,001–41,000 41,001 50 ,000 50 ,001 59 ,000...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... by-products (DBPs) and turbidity and regulates Cryptosporidium.) 15. 3.2 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY To properly manage and operate water systems, a basic understanding of the movement of water and the things ... recreational, agricultural, grazing, and other uses Figure 15. 4A through Figure 15. 4D show another example of how raw water supplies are stored Figure 15. 4A and Figure 15. 4B show views of Lake Whitehurst, ... borehole, and (2) reducing the amount of sand that enters the casing and the pump They are sized to allow the maximum amount of water while preventing the passage of sand, sediment, or gravel  452 Handbook...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 458 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations d Management of point- and nonpoint-source pollution e Impacts on land/water/air relationships f Health risks Water management and ... include erosion and sediment control (i.e., minimize clearing, stage construction, and stabilize stockpiles and finished areas) and chemical control (i.e., 460 Handbook of Water and Wastewater ... Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations proper storage, handling, application and covering, and isolation of materials) 16.9 CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 16.1 Define watershed 16.2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... sodium hypochlorite C2 = 50 mg/L V2 = 10,000 gal C1 = 5. 25% ¥ 10, 000 mg L = 52 ,50 0 mg L 1.0% 52 ,50 0 mg/L ¥ V1 = 50 mg/L ¥ 10,000 gal 50 mg L ¥ 10, 000 gal 52 ,50 0 mg L = 9 .52 gal of sodium hypochlorite ... 50 ,000–100,000 Over 100,001 Total 103 104 3,337 47 .5% 14.2% 15. 5% 5. 4% 25. 9% 5. 1% 57 .1% 7.8% 10.8% 5. 8% 28 .5% 4.3% 63.8% 6.3% 3.1% 0.9% 16.0% 3 .5% Surface Water Systems Total Number of Systems ... around and just above the underdrain The filter media, consisting of 30 to 55 in of sand with a grain size of 0. 25 to 0. 35 mm Inlet and outlet piping to convey the water to and from the filter, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 2000–6000 2–4 25 100 2000–6000 1–3 400–700 0. 05 0. 15 20–30 85 95% 85 95% No 1–3 400–700 0. 05 0. 15 20–30 85 95% 85 95% No N/A = not available Source: Spellman, F.R., Spellman’s Standard Handbook for ... 85 95% 85 95% Yes Extended Aeration 0 .5 1 .5 (contact) 3–6 (reaeration) 2–4 25 100 1000–3000 3000–8000 1–3 400–700 (contact) 0.2–0.6 (contact) N/A 85 95% 85 95% No Oxidation Ditch 24 24 2–4 25 100 ... 25 100 150 0–4000 DO (mg/L) SSV30 (mL/L) F:M ratio (lb BOD5/lb MLVSS) MCRT (whole system [d]]) % Removal BOD5 % Removal TSS Primary treatment Contact Stabilization 1–3 400–700 02–0 .5 5– 15 85 95% ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Both && and || require their operands to be scalar and convertible to logical, while & and | can operate on arrays 3.6 Complex numbers MATLAB allows complex numbers in most of its operations and ... signal processing, image processing, encryption, and bit string manipulation Integers come in signed and unsigned flavors, and in sizes of 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits Integer arithmetic is not modular, ... towards zero The length of the sequence is m+1, and the sequence is empty if m

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); long nBytesToRead = inStream.Length; if (nBytesToRead > 655 36/4) nBytesToRead = 655 36/4; int nLines = (int)(nBytesToRead/nCols) + 1; string [] lines = new string[nLines]; ... Form1() { InitializeComponent(); menuFileOpen.Click += new EventHandler(OnFileOpen); chooseOpenFileDialog.FileOk += new CancelEventHandler(OnOpenFileDialogOK); } void OnFileOpen(object Sender, EventArgs ... j 655 36) break; char nextChar = (char)nextByte; if (nextChar < 16) nextLine.Append(" x0" + string.Format("{0,1:X}",...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 21:15