... 4.20 Chapter Review Questions and Problems Reference Chapter5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5.55. 6 5. 7 5. 8 5. 9 Water Hydraulics What is Water Hydraulics? Basic Concepts 5. 2.1 Stevin’s Law Properties of Water 5. 3.1 ... 5. 3.1 Density and SpeciÞc Gravity Force and Pressure 5. 4.1 Hydrostatic Pressure 5. 4.2 Effects of Water under Pressure Head 5. 5.1 Static Head 5. 5.2 Friction Head 5. 5.3 Velocity Head 5. 5.4 Total Dynamic ... Fluorides 14 .5 Chapter Review Questions and Problems References Part IV Water and Water Treatment Chapter 15 Potable Water Sources 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 Introduction 15. 1.1 Key Terms and DeÞnitions 15. 1.2...
... 0.017–0.0 25 Earth: dredged 0.023–0.030 Earth: stony 0.0 25 0.0 35 Rock: jagged and irregular 0.0 25 0.033 0.0 25 0.040 0.0 35 0.0 45 a 0.013–0.0 15 0.012–0.0 15 0.021–0.026 0.010–0.013 0.013–0.0 15 N/R = ... ft3/sec is 449 gal/min, so 7. 85 ft3/sec ¥ 449 gal/min/ft3/sec = 352 5 gal/min (rounded) Finally, for part (c), MGD is 1 .55 ft3/sec, so: 7. 85 ft sec 1 .55 ft sec MGD = 5. 06 MGD Note: Flow may be laminar ... number of gallons in a reservoir that has a volume of 855 .5 ft.3 Solution: 855 .5 ft ¥ 7.48 gal ft = 6399 gal ( rounded ) Note: As mentioned in Chapter 4, the term head is used to designate water...
... 2.31 and that the pressure at the gauge is 37 psi 37 psi ¥ 2.31 ft psi = 85. 5 ft ( rounded ) 14.7 psi ¥ 2.31 ft psi = 33. 957 or 34 ft 178 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations ... be calculated by the formula: Q=V¥A Finally, for part (c), MGD is 1 .55 ft3/sec, so: 7. 85 ft sec 1 .55 ft sec MGD = 5. 06 MGD (7 .5) where Q = discharge (ft3/sec) V = water velocity (ft/sec) A = cross-section ... diffuser, and vertical turbine Mixed flow Propeller Ns Range 50 0 50 00 50 00–10,000 9000– 15, 000 Note: The higher the specific speed of the pump, the higher the efficiency 184 Handbook of Water and Wastewater...
... STANDARDS, CODES, AND SIZES Just as they have for piping and tubing, authoritative standards organizations have devised standards and codes for hoses Standards and codes are safety measures designed ... also to handle the fluid pressure On the other hand, copper tubing is typically designed for brazed and soldered connections, rather than threaded ones Thus, its 254 Handbook of Water and Wastewater ... Components and Frankel, M., Compressed Air Piping Systems In Piping Handbook, 7th ed., Nayyar, M.L., (ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill, pp A .53 –A.83, C. 755 –C.777, 2000 43 Adapted from Bandes, A and Gorelick,...
... Constant 22 .5 30∞ 45 60∞ 90∞ 120∞ 0.497 0.676 1.0 35 1.443 2 .50 0 4.330 9.3.4 WEIR OVERFLOW (WEIR LOADING RATE) Q ft sec ¥ 1, 000, 000 (9.4) (9.1) Time Re quired (min) ( ) Q ft sec = K ¥ H 2 .5 Weir ... corrosion-resistant wetted parts, and highly accurate output “The greatest disadvantage of this type of meter is its initial cost and the need for trained personnel to handle routine operation and maintenance.”2 ... of charts or graphs and appropriate conversions Then, the following equations may be used ( 60 sec ¥ 1440 d = 3, 150 , 57 6 gal d ) Q ft sec = K ¥ H n (9.6) A grit channel 35 in wide has water...
... 300 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations disinfectants are reported to be toxic and carcinogenic to humans if ingested over an extended period The removal of NOM and reduction ... dissolved and suspended elements and particles — and the waterworks operator must deal with them 10 .5 WATER SOLUTIONS A solution is a condition in which one or more substances are uniformly and evenly ... Soft Moderately hard Hard Very hard 0– 75 75 150 150 –300 Over 300 Source: From Spellman, F.R., The Science of Water, Technomic Publ., Lancaster, PA, 1998 and alkalinity often occur together, because...
... Adverse Effect 250 mg/L 15 cua mg/L Noncorrosive mg/L 0 .5 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0. 05 mg/L TONb 6 .5 8 .5 250 mg/L 50 0 mg/L mg/L Causes taste Appearance problems Tastes and odors Tastes and odors Dental ... Loughborough, 19 75 10 Gilcreas, F.W., Sanderson, W.W., and Elmer, R.P., Two methods for the determination of grease in sewage, Sewage Ind Wastes, 25, 1379, 1 953 11 Rowe, D.R and Abdel-Magid, I.M., Handbook ... particles from land surfaces or sand, silt, and clay from stream bank erosion of channel scour Suspended solids can include both organic (detritus and biosolids) and inorganic (sand or finer colloids)...
... by-products (DBPs) and turbidity and regulates Cryptosporidium.) 15. 3.2 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY To properly manage and operate water systems, a basic understanding of the movement of water and the things ... recreational, agricultural, grazing, and other uses Figure 15. 4A through Figure 15. 4D show another example of how raw water supplies are stored Figure 15. 4A and Figure 15. 4B show views of Lake Whitehurst, ... borehole, and (2) reducing the amount of sand that enters the casing and the pump They are sized to allow the maximum amount of water while preventing the passage of sand, sediment, or gravel 452 Handbook...
... 458 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations d Management of point- and nonpoint-source pollution e Impacts on land/water/air relationships f Health risks Water management and ... include erosion and sediment control (i.e., minimize clearing, stage construction, and stabilize stockpiles and finished areas) and chemical control (i.e., 460 Handbook of Water and Wastewater ... Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations proper storage, handling, application and covering, and isolation of materials) 16.9 CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 16.1 Define watershed 16.2...
... sodium hypochlorite C2 = 50 mg/L V2 = 10,000 gal C1 = 5. 25% ¥ 10, 000 mg L = 52 ,50 0 mg L 1.0% 52 ,50 0 mg/L ¥ V1 = 50 mg/L ¥ 10,000 gal 50 mg L ¥ 10, 000 gal 52 ,50 0 mg L = 9 .52 gal of sodium hypochlorite ... 50 ,000–100,000 Over 100,001 Total 103 104 3,337 47 .5% 14.2% 15. 5% 5. 4% 25. 9% 5. 1% 57 .1% 7.8% 10.8% 5. 8% 28 .5% 4.3% 63.8% 6.3% 3.1% 0.9% 16.0% 3 .5% Surface Water Systems Total Number of Systems ... around and just above the underdrain The filter media, consisting of 30 to 55 in of sand with a grain size of 0. 25 to 0. 35 mm Inlet and outlet piping to convey the water to and from the filter, and...
... Both && and || require their operands to be scalar and convertible to logical, while & and | can operate on arrays 3.6 Complex numbers MATLAB allows complex numbers in most of its operationsand ... signal processing, image processing, encryption, and bit string manipulation Integers come in signedand unsigned flavors, and in sizes of 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits Integer arithmetic is not modular, ... towards zero The length of the sequence is m+1, and the sequence is empty if m