experimental approaches in community ecology and ecotoxicology

... Although our understanding of the mechanistic linkages between community structure and ecosystem function remains limited, it is becoming increasingly apparent that alterations in ecosystem processes ... partitioned into those resulting from random loss of species, nonrandom loss of species, and changes in functioning of remaining species Much of the debate about the relationship between biodiversity and ... changes in rates of C and N cycling Zak et al (2003) reported that increased plant diversity altered community composition and increased soil microbial biomass, resulting in greater rates of N mineralization...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:58

... Markov chain of the PAND gate with two inputs Failure transitions are in black straight lines and the repairing transitions in red dotted lines Right : a DFT with a subtree rooted by PAND gate ... and a random number un is used to draw the event which is realized at time tn Now we have to define the ordering Definition (Ordering) We assume that F alse < T rue and we define the following ... Pekergin, F Quessette B A A3 time P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 time P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Fig Left: TPS, coupling and fixing the sample-path Right: TPS of monotone systems with two bounding sample paths and coupling In...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:09

... of the 0,1 IMF indicator for 1986-95 Levine and his coauthors, in a series of papers (King and Levine 1993; Levine and Zervos 1998; Beck, Levine, and Loayza 2000), find that financial or stock ... this investigation, DEMOCRACY (This indicator is also used the World Bank 1997, 112.) Missing data are interpolated linearly Singapore in PWT 6.0 contain a few missing data points In constructing ... Forthcoming “Political Freedom, Political Instability and Policy Uncertainty: Political Institutions and Private Investment in Developing Countries.” International Studies Quarterly 45 :In Press...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 08:50

... changes in interest rates, insignificant negative correlations in the convexity, and insignificant negative correlations in the change in slope for bonds with longer maturities, and insignificant ... changes in credit spread and changes in interest rate slopes, or the lead-lag relations between changes in interest rate and changes in credit spread Moreover, the questions posed in our introduction ... 23.88% The interest rate variables used in our analysis include change in short rate, slope in interest rate term structure, expected change in short rate, and shock in short rate Change in the short...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 11:21

... replication Training of Panelists Nine panelists (six women and three men) were selected from the University based on availability, previous training and liking of cheese The panelists were trained for ... dairy products Food and chemical references as well as cheese samples were used in the training A 15-point intensity line scale where = “not detected” and 15 = “extremely strong” in respect to the ... Manning and Robinson (1973) characterized Cheddar cheese as mainly containing volatile compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl pyrazine was only identified in...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... situation Observing and analyzing is a mission of managers to make his/her subordinates high feeling, spirit, and a little bit of changing basic personality In deed, understanding basic personality ... Mozilla project self-sustaining and help keep the Internet open and diverse”.12 Next, believing in personal traits make organization culture stronger In this case, stand for nonprofit organization, ... independent in their job, Ballmer has ordered array of meetings, reviews and examine “He says the company’s core value of honesty, integrity, and respect must shine through with customers, partners, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... performance in the U.S airline industry may aid those seeking to invest in the industry as well as forward looking investment decisions by various groups interested in the U.S airline industry Smaller ... environment of the industry The airline industry is very labor intensive Coupled with strong airline labor unions, airline industry employees have significant bargaining power and the industry has ... decline in business travel for the major airline carriers According to Mann (2003), an airline industry consultant, it has always been presumed that demand for business air travel is price inelastic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... understand They are the short-term rates at which one financial institution is willing to lend funds to another financial institution in the inter-bank market The borrowing financial institution ... Prices to Bond Rating Changes” Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 4, 460-479 Cossin, C., T Hricko, D Aunon-Nerin, and Z Huang, 2002 "Exploring the Determinants of Credit Risk in Credit Default ... divides A into A1, A2, and A3; and so on Similarly S&P divides its AA category into AA+, AA, and AA–; it divides its A category into A+, A, and A–; etc Only the Moody's Aaa and In a standard contract,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... factors and relationships, including the influences of international organisations and partnerships These will be vitally important in bringing understanding of, and action by, countries and industry ... explored in the body of the report Individual Internet activities such as using the Internet for finding information about products, reading/downloading online newspapers/news magazines, Internet ... of the Internet:  For finding information about goods and services  For reading/downloading online newspapers/news magazines  For Internet banking  For selling goods and services (e.g via auctions)...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... customer numbers In 2010, Techcombank continued reinforcing and investing in non-financial innovations, as following:  Continue building and developing technological infrastructure, business model ... are set, and action is taken Moreover, managing performance through objectives, investing for increasing rates of return, quickly starting and killing initiatives, and rapidly confronting problems ... accounting innovations in Techcombank 44 Figure 4.8 Levels of manager use management accounting innovations in 45 Techcombank 11 Figure 4.9 Difficulties in using management accounting innovations in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... Vietnamese biggest company in food and beverage industry From establishing in 1976, Vinamilk has successful in operating business, since 2008 to now, Vinamilk has started aligning CSR into company’s strategy ... river, and affected to people who lives along Thi Vai river); food poisoning (case of Melamine infected in infant milk); and other cheating in selling products to customers (the fraud in selling ... company be more well-known in community, and in society But as in the interview done by Matthew Rochte in 4th May 2009, PR can be “both a blessing and a curse to CSR” PR can bring company either famous...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... available and its binding affinity is not altered by the presence of DNA in the DNA binding site Interestingly, when nM RNA and 10 nM DNA were added simultaneously to a limiting amount of protein in ... labeled AnCOB pre-RNA RNA binding reactions contained mM MgCl2 and DNA binding reactions contained mM CaCl2 Both determinations were performed in triplicate and were made using the same diluted aliquot ... between inhibition of endonuclease activity and inhibition of splicing activity indicating that RNA binding can be monitored by measuring inhibition of the endonuclease reaction [36] In the above...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... perform a job and is meant to capture muscle mass that will result in a higher bmi ‘Strenuousness’ rates other physical demands (including climbing, reaching, stooping, and kneeling) As expected, ... “sprawl index” developed in Ewing, Pendall, and Chen (2002) and a metropolitan-area-level version of the same index After controlling for some demographic characteristics, they find that living in ... more and eat healthier food than those where all land is devoted to housing A growing and in uential literature studies this connection between the built environment and obesity Loosely, its main...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 11:20

... affects granting and pricing of loans to firms and households The price of bank loans is a key factor in determining final demand and consequently inflation in an economy (Kwapil and Scharler, ... official interest rates by a quarter percentage point in December and the same rate in March 2006 The two following years were characterized by continuous increases in official interest rates and ... funding uncertainty: can explain a more intense competition for retail deposits (including deposits turning into a “loss leader”), and typically dampens the rate of pass-through from changes in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... maintain a monopoly incumbent fixed-line provider Competition and efficiency should be introduced into markets as a way to increase Internet adoption and help foster the creation and dissemination ... by word and image and is also tasked with maintaining, increasing and spreading knowledge.1 This project benefits from UNESCO’s lead and expertise in matters related to content, culture and expression ... role in organising, recording and disseminating local content The first section in the paper will look at information theory The second section will examine existing tools for organising, recording...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... unfolding of T reesei wild-type Cel7A in 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 8.0 (A and B) and catalytically inactive E217Q mutant in 50 mM NaAc pH 5.0 (C and D) (A) and (C) The relative intrinsic fluorescence ... shown in Fig (d) In Fig 3B and D the fluorescence emission maximum wavelength is plotted against temperature in the presence and absence of substrate at pH and pH 5, respectively Interestingly, ... upon binding of the substrate, an increase in the fluorescence intensity (data not shown) and a blue shift of the emission maximum was observed This blue shift (Fig 3B and D) and change in fluorescence...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20