evidence from experiments in vitro

... hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) was essential for lethal infection in birds, suggesting that the HA protein also plays an important role in the HP phenotype in humans As HA mediates viral binding ... cause disease in mammalians, we characterized H5N1 strains isolated from humans in Thailand in vitro Maines et al experimented with SP83 and found that this strain has low virulence in ferrets compared ... high titers in the respiratory tract of mice and ferrets, and was isolated from multiple organs, including the brain In contrast, infection by SP83 occurred only in the respiratory tract in mice,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... fiber Spinning Yarns Sized Stuff Weaving Preparation Weaving Gray Fabric Continuous dyeing Chemicals, Oil, Water, Steam Chemicals, Water, Steam Sizing & Washing Scouring, Bleaching & Washing Dyestuff, ... guard-net In the oil heating room Oil spilt on the floor Namdinh Silk Co Outside the dyeing unit WIN TEX VIEW co Oil heater In the dyeing room Spinning room Yenmy Dyeing Co and Phonoi Industrial ... market conditions while maintaining and increasing living standards over the long run” (Lipsey, 1991) In this thesis, it simply means the corporate ability to maintain a sustained profitability by...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2013, 18:48

... slash pine (Pinus elliotii) from pine plantations The increase in monoterpene emissions in the deep south was because of an increase in loblolly pine (P taeda), both in pine plantations and in natural ... which often appears in pine plantations in the south, and which in South Carolina and Georgia increased significantly within pine plantations (although sweetgum also increased in nonplantation forests ... defined in Methods; and the set RBiso ðjÞ contains all isopreneemitting trees within plot j, excluding as before trees greater than in (12.7 cm) in diameter that were not measured in the first inventory...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... the minusstrand RNA being at that time unavailable In the present study we investigated the involvement of sequences and ⁄ or structures in RNA synthesis directed in vitro by HCV NS5B by using ... described in [13] (B) Secondary structure of a fragment spanning from nt 229–365 in domain II as described in [14] (C) Secondary structure of domain II, spanning nt 229–416, as described by in [13] ... synthesized in one round of synthesis, we performed RdRp assays in the presence of heparin in order to prevent reinitiation In a first step we determined the heparin concentration needed to prevent reinitiation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... bovine serum (FBS, hyClone, Utah, USA) containing 100 UÆmL)1 penicillin/streptomycin and mM L-glutamine at 37 °C under 5% CO2 The JAr and Jeg3 cell lines (ATCC) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimum ... cytosolic domain of SR-BI which is a critical domain involved in selective CE-uptake [29,53] is lacking in SR-BII and the lack of SR-BII protein in all three choriocarcinoma cell lines investigated ... apparent in BeWo cells In parallel (using primers A and C) a faint 540 bp band (indicative for SR-BII) was found in all three cells lines (not shown) Northern blotting experiments confirmed data obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... equal to ô ằ (increase in indebtedness) by 15 points (33 minus 18), and increases the probability of Expected-Debt to be equal to ô ằ (not indebted and not going to be) by 13 points (34 minus 21) ... decreasing for 53% of the sample, it has been increasing for 36%, and has been stable for the remaining 11% An increase in indebtedness (of 80% in average) is associated with a 14% decrease in production, ... performance in terms of output over the recent period; 11 Delays in payment wages grew from 43 percent in 1994 to 62 percent in 1997 of all individuals according to data from the Russian Longitudinal...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... increase in business income Given this, the increase in expenditure likely comes from both an increase in income and an increase in the ability to shield income from others 15 the first place since ... on business outcomes Interestingly, this increase in investment for women does not appear to come from a change in business type: we see no change in the category of items traded by women in the ... logbooks include detailed information on many outcomes, including formal and informal savings, business investment, and expenditures.2 There are three main findings First, market women in the treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... probability of increasing savings, and the probability of increasing savings by at least 20 percent This enables a substantial increase in savings by a wealthy individual to be muted in two ways: ... the individuals what months are high- and low-income months For females (but not males), individuals who report being in a high-income month now but in a low-income month in six months are in ... accounting effect from labeling the account that matters most)? From an institutional perspective, what are the costs involved in implementing this product, and the benefits in terms of savings...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... compound(s) being involved in this interaction in living cells and information about this additional factor is needed in order to perform physiologically relevant future in vitro studies and in the interpretation ... obtained from in vivo experiments on the NO–MT interaction As predicted earlier [31], zinc is more readily released from MTs than cadmium, which is probably a combination of tighter binding of ... of cadmium than zinc in metallothioneins and the preference of zinc in the more flexible b-domain In addition to the already described differences in flexibility of the b-domain in MT isoforms and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... Education and racial inequality in post Apartheid South Africa Santa Fe Institute Working Paper 04-02-008 LAM, D (1999) Generating extreme inequality: Schooling, earnings, and integrated transmission ... economic inequality generated between race groups Such inequality is clearly observed in the differences between average educational attainments across races For instance, using information from ... above, in this paper we focus on the role that mother’s knowledge plays in enhancing future household productivity through child health investments However, we should be cautious in interpreting...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... the CDS investment) For this reason, in principle, an increase in financing costs would have a negative effect on the basis Due to the difficulty in obtaining data on institution-level funding constraints, ... the increase in the discounted trading profits that an investor would obtain under the assumption of no trading and funding costs Specifically, the profits from a given investment strategy, in ... could obtain a certain profit by buying the risky bond, buying protection in the CDS market, and taking a short position in the risk-free bond Hence, in equilibrium, ytm – r = s In order to investigate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... blocked the choline-induced increase in insulin (Table 1) Effects of relatively selective antagonists of muscarinic receptors on choline-induced increases in serum insulin To determine the involvement ... choline on insulin release from minced pancreas To determine if choline elicits insulin release in vitro, minced pancreas was incubated with various concentrations of choline The rate of insulin release ... nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, prevented the choline-induced increase in serum insulin Choline increased the acetylcholine content of the pancreas, Ó FEBS 2003 Choline increases serum insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... bar indicating 0.05 amino-acid replacement per site terminus that is required for binding to the plasma membrane, thereby being involved in the formation of the corneum [47] Additional amino-terminal ... determination of the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of purified protein was attempted, but no information was obtained, probably due to the protein modification Therefore, the purified protein ... related to certain cellular signalling in the slime mold remains to be determined As the production of soluble recombinant protein for PpTGase will help to clarify, works in this area are in progress...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... of kinase are limited in plants [17–21] The Ca2+/CaM kinase isolated from maize roots has been shown to be involved in gravitropism [19] and the Ca2+/ CaM kinase isolated from lily anthers binds ... with some DNA binding protein Antibodies alone showed no interaction with DNA We could not determine the direct binding of the purified kinase with DNA as we could not obtain the kinase preparation ... be an in vitro substrate for the PsCCaMK, the effect of phosphorylation on its DNAbinding property was tested The protein was in vitro phosphorylated using cold ATP and used for DNA binding studies...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions Geneva WHO Library Cataloguing -in- Publication Data Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based ... Resources Information Center) 13 © Pierre Virot Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions In defining effectiveness, a two-part ranking ... large-scale change in men and masculinity?  Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions Introduction: men and boys in a gender perspective...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 10:20

... dispersal of coastal marine algae and invertebrates, including introduced species The LEMAR group is involved in studies concerned with the interactions between marine invertebrate populations ... having lost some ‘candidate fathers’ from the stack since copulation (for instance during the sampling, i.e dredging effects) Besides, the mobile males are young individuals expected to be in ... larvae Sampling of adults was conducted by dredging during the breeding season in June 2003 in three sites (called populations in the following text; Table 1), separated by less than 10 km, in the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... Fining Households with Inadequate Sewer Systems Fining Companies with Inadequate Industrial Waste Management Systems Monitoring of Potentially Polluting Industrial Activities Taxing Mining Industries ... spending increase by R$13.2 per person over the spending in the larger county that they were a part of in the previous year For the average county in Brazil, this translates into a 20% increase in ... extraction and refining (sugar cane refining is a particularly large industry in Brazil, and untreated waste waters from sugar refineries carry high organic pollution loads), pulp and paper industries,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... to identifying the signaling pathways linking myocardial protection to PTP inhibition, which may involve protein kinase Ce [217] and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase [218] An integrated ... caused by the inhibition of calcineurin Lack of involvement of calcineurin had already been suggested by the findings (a) that the immunosuppressant FK506 (which inhibits calcineurin) failed to ... Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in the heart improves functional recovery from ischemia in vitro and protects against myocardial infarction in vivo J Biol Chem 280, 669– 676...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... the a1b2 interface have altered oxygen af®nity, but bulk of evidence suggests that the a1b1 interface is much more important in maintaining normal hemoglobin stability than is the a1b2 interface ... DISCUSSION In hemoglobin research, the central problem is understanding the cooperative binding of molecular oxygen to the a2b2 tetramer For human HbA, the a and b chains contain 141 and 146 amino-acid ... the bis-histidine complex B may still have a water molecule retained in the heme pocket, and therefore in solution it is in rapid equilibrium with the high spin aquo- 0.4 (βO2)2 0.4 in (α3+)2(βO2)2...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:20

... to trace chemicals remaining from the extraction process, or from the compound itself is uncertain When the compound was dissolved in ethyl acetate, it was effective against both viruses, albeit ... cells were about 40% destroyed At this point in time viral growth had only been observed in cells treated with DMSO and infected with HSV-1 However, in other solvents with 1mg/ml compound, the ... spectacular effects against either virus in Vero cells, 0.5 mg/ml compound in 5% ethyl acetate or 0.25 mg/ml compound in 2.5% ethyl acetate generally provided about 40% protection from both HSV-1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 15:20