eurotb surveillance of tuberculosis in europe

... for HIV uninfected individuals Certain areas of uncertainty remain, including the regimen duration, dosage and frequency of administration of anti-TB drugs, optimal timing of initiation of ART and ... from India compared the VOCs present in the urine of TB patients with VOCs in the urine of healthy subjects, and found that infection with TB produces a distinct pattern of certain VOCs in much ... update information on the screening, diagnosis and management of TB in HIV infected adults Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected individuals Clinical screening algorithms: The WHO recommends TB screening...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... routine urinalysis In patients with renal or genital tuberculosis, urinalyses are abnormal in more than 90%, the main finding being pyuria, and/or hematuria The finding of pyuria in an acid urine ... multiple-puncture), the kind and dose of tuberculin, and the size of reaction in millimeters of induration D Interpretation of Skin Test Reactions To interpret the tuberculin skin test appropriately, ... (115) Genotyping is useful in confirming laboratory cross-contamination (116), investigating outbreaks of tuberculosis (117), evaluating contact investigations (118), and determining whether new...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... boosted by administering a tuberculin skin test week to year after the initial postvaccination skin test; ongoing periodic skin testing also might prolong reactivity to tuberculin in vaccinated persons ... preventing pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults These studies also were not useful in determining a) the efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered ... Tuberculin Skin Testing and Interpretation of Results After BCG Vaccination Postvaccination BCG-induced tuberculin reactivity ranges from no induration to an induration of 19 mm at the skin-test site...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... (e.g., Ministry of Justice [MoJ], Ministry of the Interior [MoI], Ministry of Law [MoL]) has resulted in insufficient involvement or delay in enrollment of prison health staff in DOTS training and ... illustrate that the risk of engaging in injecting drug use increases with every year a person is in prison.5, 10 Injecting drug users often share needles, syringes,7,8 or homemade injecting equipment and ... Control 2008: Surveillance, Planning, Financing Geneva: WHO, p 57 34 GUIDELINES FOR CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS IN PRISONS CASE FINDING AND SCREENING IN PRISONS Box Advantages and Disadvantages of Passive...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... to diagnose TB in children Careful history (including history of TB contact and symptoms consistent with TB) Clinical examination (including growth assessment) Tuberculin skin testing (TST) Bacteriological ... need to be incorporated into existing guidelines and strategies that have been developed by NTPs Reducing the burden of TB in children will require changing and improving many existing practices, ... formulations and dosing of first- and second-line TB drugs in children DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN The diagnosis of TB in children relies on careful and thorough assessment of all the evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... impossible to finalise within the original time frame However, to maintain the momentum of EBIE and to link the ecological advances to conservation, we invited five of the principal authors of EBIE ... first described in 1985 but has been increasing rapidly in territory and in the number of individuals Despite the fact that the Clouded Apollo is decreasing in most areas of Europe (Meglécz et ... number of individuals is increasing at the Northern boundary of the population Results show that there is an overall increase in the number of Clouded Apollo in Estonia, with 73% of all sighting...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... The management of cancer increasingly involves a complex package of interventions, requiring careful coordination of a wide range of professionals (oncologists, surgeons, imaging specialists, ... in incidence, outcomes and responses to cancer in the EU is reviewed, along with the optimal indicators for assessing progress against cancer in Europe, including the benefits of research using ... most commonly occurring cancer in 2002 for both sexes in of the 38 European countries, including 20 Responding to the challenge of cancer in Europe Table 2-2 Estimated number of new cancer cases...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... were lineages and 13 sub-lineages of M tuberculosis circulating in Vietnam Beijing and EAI lineages were the two most predominant lineages Beijing lineage accounted for 28% to 70% EAI lineage ... transmission of TB - Molecular clustering rates of different M tuberculosis lineages, sublineages in function of epidemiological factors to investigatetransmission capacity ofdifferent M tuberculosis lineages, ... hospitals, during 2003-2009 4.1.1.Molecular epidemiology of TB in some provinces in the Northern plain  Beijing lineage and EAI4-VNM sub-lineage predominant in the Northern plain Results showed...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 13:57

... that include the Cockayne syndrome (CS) proteins CSA and CSB Other proteins have also been implicated in the TC-NER process, including the XPG protein Definitive inroads into the biochemistry of ... components of the latter steps of the pathway The OGG1 and APE1 enzymes bind to the same domain of XRCC1 The labile iron pool in cells is of critical importance for the introduction of DNA single-strand ... signaling networks by phosphorylation of key players in response to DNA-strand breakage; it is a transducer, interacting with initial DNA-damage sensors Two interesting new substrates of ATM...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... competitiveness of the EU chemical industry  Prevention of fragmentation of the internal market  Increased transparency  Integration with international efforts  Promotion of non-animal testing 10 ... human intake No implicit assumption about a ”safe” intake 37 INTERPRETATION OF MARGIN OF EXPOSURE • Inter-species and intra-species differences • 100 would be sufficient • Nature of the carcinogenic ... curve for comparison with human intake • Estimation of human exposure • Calculation of an MOE 36 MARGIN OF EXPOSURE (MOE) Definition: The ratio between the defined point on the dose-response curve...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2015, 09:05

... The innovative measures will include introducing reform legislation, banning certain types of advertising; imposing punitive taxation to discourage use of certain products; offering new insurance ... expertise, including, as noted above, making more intensive use of general physicians as gatekeepers and as coordinators of care Yet the trend in the medical profession has in some ways been moving in ... anxious to invest in the healthcare industry A virtuous funding circle will have been created, with private equity investment pouring in, making possible reductions in the public financing of healthcare...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 23:09

... notification rate in children to that in adults This, in turn, is an indicator of early case-finding and effective treatment The current data reveals findings of interest in gaining knowledge on ... M, et al Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe Recommendations of a Working Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis ... steady decline in the number of notified cases of national origin in most countries, whilst case notifications of foreign origin generally increased, especially in lower-incidence countries In a number...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... Int J Med Sci 2009, screened due to their poor capacity to complain of ocular disturbances) In order to formulate a rational suspicion of Lyme disease as the cause of ocular inflammation, ... must include occurrence in an endemic zone; and/or the report of contact with a tick or of previous erythema migrans; positive serology with presence of IgM in the early stage or high titres of ... expanding clinical spectrum of ocular Lyme borreliosis Ophthalmology 2000; 107:581-587 Boyé T What kind of clinical, epidemiological, and biological data is essential for the diagnosis of lyme...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:11

... understood the necessity of recording and the nondisclosure of their private information Two interviewers were included in each interview: one mainly responsible for interviewing, and the other primarily ... primarily responsible for noting and audiorecording The interviews were conducted in mandarin Chinese Fielding & Fielding's Triangle correction was used in the interview Nonverbal information, such as ... experiences of college students with PTB in the mainland of China The target population included inpatients and outpatients The use of in- depth interviews elicited rich and comprehensive information...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... threatening compounding of conditions (24) Suppression of the immune system is the basic cause of HIV -tuberculosis co-infection In this study there was no case of HIV -tuberculosis co-infection, ... obstacle to tuberculosis control in nations such as India (5) Among South East Asian nations India ranks as one of the highest in incidence India possesses one third of the world’s tuberculosis ... tuberculosis Conclusion In emerging nations infections such as tuberculosis requiring intensive care are not uncommon Clinician awareness of the symptomatology and contributory factors of the disease...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... mean infection FIGURE 1: PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPING TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE FOLLOWING INFECTION: INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF INFECTING BACILLI, THE DURATION OF EXPOSURE AND THE COMPETENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S ... Resistance to kanamycin or amikacin induces also resistance to streptomycin FLUOROQUINOLONES Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Sparfloxacin induce complete cross-resistance for all fluoroquinolones There ... disease: In immuno competent persons, the risk of developing tuberculosis is highest within the first years following inefficient, after which this risk declines markedly In general, – 10% of infected...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... patients In the remaining three studies the distribution of type of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients was obtained from secondary data Additional Setting, study design, purpose characteristics of ... be explored include improvment of the quality of chest radiographs, and interpretation by clinical practitioners, including nurses, through specialised training and encouragement of participatory ... bacillary load seen in the sputum of HIV-infected patients.48 The specificity of culture is also affected by contamination since manipulations in the laboratory can result in transfer of bacteria from...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... those of Mendez et al (2006) Smear-positive patients are the main source of infection in a community Only 10% of individuals develop clinical disease The immune response in the remaining individuals ... succeeds in containing the infection, as some bacilli escape killing by the mechanisms of immune activity and remain in latent or dormant states Clinically, the frequencies of KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS5 in ... effects of KIR genes during the development of TB remain unclear in the Chinese population In the present study, we aimed to investigate the KIR genes in PTB patients and controls using sequence-specific...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... DISCUSSION Tuberculosis is becoming increasingly common in the elderly and burden of the disease in them is likely to continue to increase substantially.3,4 Moreover, with increasing age, a state of ... Pardo JR Tuberculosis in the elderly in a general hospital in the Region of Madrid, 1994-2003 An Med Interna 2006; 23: 161-5 Caminero Luna JA Tuberculosis in the elderly patient In: Tuberculosis ... hence must be kept in mind during the diagnostic evaluation of elderly patients.11 Several findings of the current study are in accordance with the results of this meta-analysis In the present study,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20