environmental co impacts of emerging energy technologies

... and Colin Vance1 Economic Impacts from the Promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies – The German Experience Abstract The allure of an environmentally benign, abundant, and cost-effective energy ... the feed-in of “green” electricity at 90 percent of the retail rate of electricity, considerably exceeding the cost of conventional electricity generation An important consequence of this regulation ... end of 2010: Note: Column 1: 2000-2008: BMU (2009a), 2009-2010: SARASIN (2007) Column 2: Feed-in tariff for PV in € cents per kWh Column 3: Product of Column and Column 4: Column times 20 Column...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... (QSAR) QSAR has the potential of enabling environmental toxicologists to predict the environmental consequences of toxicants using only structure as a guide The response of a chemical to ultraviolet ... The structure of biological communities has always been a commonly used indicator of stress in a biological community Early studies on cultural eutrophication emphasized the impacts of pollution ... altered the species composition and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems Various biological indices have been developed to judge the health of ecosystems by measuring aspects of the invertebrate,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... concurrence of the points is confirmed (Figure 3.7) However, the slopes of the lines are different with compound having twice the toxicity of compound at a concentration of At low concentrations, ... curves-1 One of the primary goals of toxicity testing is the comparison or ranking of toxicity The cumulative plots comparing compound and compound demonstrate the distinct nature of the two different ... Threshold concentration There are two prevailing ideas on the toxicity of compounds at low concentrations Often it is presumed that a compound has a toxic effect as long as any amount of the compound...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... microcosm Pond microcosm Sediment core microcosm Ecocore microcosm Ecocore II microcosm Standard aquatic microcosm Stream microcosm Waste treatment microcosm Terrestrial microcosms Root microcosm ... purposes of pesticide registration Soil Core Microcosm The soil core microcosm (SCM) is one of the first test vehicles developed for the evaluation of xenobiotics on an agroecosystem with its accompanying ... same level of standardization This is due to the length of time most of these tests require and the specialized nature of most of the test systems rather than any lack of completeness of the method...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... summary of this procedure is as follows: © 1999 by CRC Press LLC Figure 6.1 Graphical representation of the sum of toxic contributions In the top of the figure the sum of toxic contributions is counterintuitive, ... require the minimal amount of data Such a model would simply consist of A c A i + Bi Bt + Ci C t + = MT (6.8) where Ac = environmental concentration of compound A, Ai = concentration resulting in ... are not set up for easy use and the lack of environmental toxicity data A combination of implementation of the selected methodology into a computer program coupled to a large database and quantitative...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... routes of exposure are not as important as soil and water routes Tobacco in all of its forms contains appreciable amounts of Cd, and tobacco smoke is one of the largest single sources of Cd exposure ... dumping industrial wastes into rivers and lakes; combustion of fossil fuels (e.g., Hg content of coal is about ppm), pulp, and paper; use of mercury compounds as seed dressings in agriculture; and ... Env Contam Toxicol 38: 736-741 Fargasova, A 1994 Effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr on germination and root growth of Sinapis alba seeds Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 52: 452-456 Fleischer, J 1974 Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... carefully controlled to offer a maximum rate of degradation As the complexity of the effluent or the site to be remediated increase, a consortia of several organisms or of an entire degradative community ... to the entire microbial community since often more than one type of organism is responsible for the stages of microbial degradation Microorganisms often contain a variety of genetic information ... putida By consortia of bacteria Psuedomonas cepacia AC1100 List Compiled from: Rochkind, M.L., J.W Blackburn, and G.S Sayler 1986 Microbial Decomposition of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... vector Consumption vector for species A CA is the sum of the vectors for the rate of consumption of resource and resource The consumption vector determines the path of the concentrations of resources ... is rapid, consistent, and not biased INTERPRETATION OF ECOSYSTEM LEVEL IMPACTS The measurement of the current status of an ecosystem and the assumption that recovery is the likely outcome once ... different systems can result in indices of comparable scores Interpretation of such score should be taken with the above caveats Direct comparison of IBI scores lends itself to misinterpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... factors detailed above comes into play (Figure 11.4) Central to this process is the characterization of the ecosystem of concern Characterization of the ecosystem of concern is often a most difficult ... for exposure of the biotic components of interest to the stressor Dose and concentration probabilities are the typical units used in environmental toxicology Characterization of Ecological Effects ... upon the ability of colonizing organisms to become established upon the impacted site and therefore the isolation of the damaged ecosystem is important Community conditioning and complexity theory...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... there is co- occurrence of or contact between the stressor and ecological components 2.2.3 Ecological Effects Ecological effects data may come from a variety of sources Relevant sources of information ... cases, evaluation of long-term impacts will require consideration of ecological recovery Ecological recovery is difficult to predict and depends on the existence of a nearby source of organisms, life ... scenarios consist of a qualitative description of how the various ecological components co- occur with or contact the stressor Each scenario is defined in terms of the stressor, the type of biological...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... Development Co- operation PCC People Committee of Commune PCD PCP People Committee of District People Committee of Province PRA RAMSAR Participatory Rural Appraisals The convention of wet land ... the area The research team consisted of a staff from RIA No 1, DOFI and CSSH and officers of People's Committee of the District (PCD) and People's Committee of the Commune (PCC) The fieldwork ... recommend the introduction of environmentally friendly aquaculture within the framework of community-based and integrated coastal area management We also recommend the necessity of adjustment of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 10:15

... high concentrations of Ca, Mg (Fig 3), Sr, Ba and NH4, but very low amounts of SO4, HCO3 (Fig 4) and H2S With the exception of Fe, the concentrations of trace metals are low, and the values of ... 10H2O ⇔ 4Fe(OH) + 8H+ 8Fe+++ + CH3COOH + 2H2O ⇔ 8Fe++ + CO2 + 8H+ Fe++ + HS - ⇔ FeS + H+ H+ + CaCO3 ⇔ Ca++ + HCO32H+ + CaMg (CO3 ) ⇔ Ca++ + Mg++ + 2HCO3CH3COOH ⇔ CO2 + CH4 4.8H+ + Ca.2Na.8Al1.2Si2.8O8 ... lower part of the site is underlain by 1) a surface layer of eolian sand (20-70 cm thick); 2) colluvial apron and alluvial deposits of varying thickness comprised of sandstone pebbles, cobbles,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... leading to a combined PBT score of 64 (Table 2) Literature Review of Organic Chemicals of Emerging Environmental Concern in Use in Auckland 11 Table Environmental hazard profile of classic persistent ... little information commonly exists on environmental concentrations of specific chemicals in a region of concern Over and beyond the task of compiling existing toxicological and environmental chemical ... explanation of the reason for the ranking score is given as well Literature Review of Organic Chemicals of Emerging Environmental Concern in Use in Auckland 10 Table Environmental hazard profile of a...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... [58] This study conducted a LCA of dairy systems Sustainability 2011, 333 in Nova Scotia to compare environmental impacts of typical pasture and confinement operations Use of concentrated feeds, ... organically was 160 g CO2 e Tillage in the organic system accounted for 600 J of energy (or 42 g CO2 e) compared to 450 J (or 32 g CO2 e) for the conventional Sustainability 2011, 329 system By comparison, ... European Commission Environmental Impact of Products: Analysis of the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts Related to the Final Consumption of the EU-25; Technical Report EUR 22284 EN European Commission,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... issues of environmental standards in production and supply of goods and services are the needs of the company, from the interests of the company While companies in many developing countries is often ... particular, the concept needs to factor in 20 environmental goods and services were less put into production and business decisions of companies According to economic experts, companies need to consider ... total amount of British companies to contribute to charities rise 7% to $1.6 billion, but fewer than 34 companies supporting more than 1% of profits Charity fund was supported of the 14 companies...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... Household CO2 /GHG emissions for a set of countries 50 Figure 4.4 Emissions of CO2 associated with US household consumption, according to purpose and by region of origin 51 Figure 4.5 Comparison of energy ... materials and contribute to the production of consumer products Environmental impacts are the unwanted byproduct of economic activities Inadvertently, humans alter environmental conditions such ... most countries, household consumption, over the life cycle of the products and services, accounts for more than 60% of all impacts of consumption We know from previous research that a doubling of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... government officials ensure that any contamination of nearby residential or commercial buildings be fully addressed WATERWAYS Another environmental concern from the collapse of the Twin Towers is contamination ... contamination might have been deposited into these water bodies as a result of the destruction of September 11th Second, contamination could have drained into local waterways through runoff of ... Government officials have conducted some limited testing of the runoff and harbor waters For example, the EPA collected runoff samples at the foot of Rector Street — the only visible runoff found...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... of energy and environmental control scenarios for 2020 are examined: BAU, which implies the continuation of conventional coal combustion technologies used in 2000 with limited environmental controls, ... NO2, or CO as the concentrations of these pollutants are often correlated with PM and inclusion of the impacts of all pollutants individually would potentially overestimate the contribution of air ... current coal price does not include the external cost to health and the environment Zaozhuang consumed 3.1 million tons of coal in 2000 and coal accounted for 82% of its total energy consumption...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20