energy power and pollution control technology

... velocity of sound Condensed and in some cases converted from U.S Standard Atmosphere 1976, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, ... °E Lange, L F Sokol, and V Antoine, Information on the Metric System and Related Fields, 6th ed., G C Marshall Space Flight Center, AL (exhaustive bibliography); C H Page and P Vigoureux, The ... liquid Condensed, converted, and interpolated from the tables of M P Vukalovich, A I Ivanov, L R Fokin, and A T Yakovlev, Thermophysical Properties of Mercury, Standartov, Moscow, USSR, 1971...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 01:18

... products and R reactants, s signifies sensible enthalpy, and the bhs are looked up in the table for the appropriate temperatures If the actual reaction was C2H2 + U/2O2 -» 2CO2 + H2O + 3O2 then W = and ... Converted and usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 foTo illustrate the term sensible enthalpy, which is the difference between the actual enthalpy and the enthalpy ... transfer, in kJ/kg • mol fuel and in kJ/kg fuel, will be calculated for the steady-state combustion of acetylene in excess oxygen, the reactants entering at 298.15 K and the products leaving at...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 01:18

... author’s attention Martin B Hocking From Modern Chemical Technology and Emission Control Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_prelims Final Proof page xxvii 25.11.2005 ... use with Eq 1.4, C ¼ Co (Q=Qo )n , and selected from those of Peters and Timmerhaus [15] and Allen [16] a Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 1.5 CHEMICAL ... Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap02 Final Proof page 33 20.11.2005 4:01am AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT AND EFFECTS OF POLLUTION We have first raised a dust and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:46

... favors prevention of pollution over pollution control There are many facets to a pollution- prevention program, including changes in raw materials to less hazardous materials and changes in manufacturing ... filtration An in-depth filter contains two feet or more of sand, or a combination of sand covered with larger-particle-size-coal (dual media), or sand and coal over a fine, high-density material such as ... extent the condition of the sludge for landfilling, beneficial use on land and production of marketable products For large-scale spreading on agricultural land, digestion may be sufficient Composting...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 14:15

... Cooper and F Alley, Air Pollution Control: A Design Approach, 2nd Edition, Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL, 1994 EPA, 1996 U.S EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, “OAQPS Control ... Vatavuk, “Estimating Costs of Air Pollution Control, ” Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1990 Wark, 1981 Kenneth Wark and Cecil Warner, “Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control, ” Harper Collins, New York, ... in the food and chemical industries, and after crushing, grinding and calcining operations in the mineral and chemical industries to collect salable or useful material In the ferrous and nonferrous...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... Johnson Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook Chang Ho Oh The MEMS Handbook Mohamed Gad-el-Hak Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook Karl B Schnelle, Jr and Charles A ... Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook James Moore and George Zouridakis Fuel Cell Technology Handbook Gregor Hoogers Handbook of Mechanical Engineering, Second Edition Frank Kreith and Massimo ... Schnelle, Karl B Air pollution control technology handbook / Karl B Schnelle, Jr and Charles A Brown p cm (Mechanical engineering handbook series) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... new technology will be required The EPA can, however, determine that available technology and the cost and health benefits warrant control technology that is more stringent than the floor technology ... air pollution controls New Source Performance Standards can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 60 Existing sources were “grandfathered” and were not required to retrofit pollution ... the technology- based MACT standards give a jump-start for action toward controlling HAPs, health-based standards have not been abandoned completely Within years after promulgation of the technology- based...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... example of energy production if that energy can be recovered and put to use Energy and energy conservation is considered by the government to be important to the economy of the nation, and the energy ... of air pollution Often the selection of control technology does not depend on whether a PSD review is triggered because the same control technology will be required in any case BACT is a technology- based ... “available” control technology This step takes some research As a minimum, research should include EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Technology Transfer Network Clean Air Technology...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... 270 ft in 1955, and TVA stack height has crept upwards ever since As evidence, the large coal-fired power plant at Cumberland City, TN, has two 1000-ft stacks, and the Kingston and Widows Creek ... air layer and the ground causes the air close to the ground to become cooler than the air above, and a radiation inversion forms Energy lost by the surface air is only slowly replaced, and a calm ... effects of stack and building downwash and surrounding topographical features Tall Stacks Fossil Fuel Burning for Electrical Power Production Heights up to 1250 ft High buoyancy and velocity Plume...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... Description Sample and velocity traverses for stationary sources Sample and velocity traverses for stationary sources with small stacks or ducts Determination of stack gas velocity and volumetric ... pipes and small ducts Determination of exhaust gas volume flow rate from gasoline vapor incinerators Determination of stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate in small stacks or ducts (standard ... gas volumetric flow rates in small pipes and ducts Gas analysis for carbon dioxide, oxygen, excess air, and dry molecular weight Determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in emissions...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (Includes PM2.5) 6.5 THE “COMPLETE” ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM An ideal surveillance and control system can be devised ... air quality and optimizing models Figure 6.1 illustrates one conception of a surveillance and control system This system would demand instruments which could be calibrated to a known standard, would ... air, including SO2 The gas flow is regulated by pressure control and a capillary tube which provides a constant pressure and pressure drop, and thus a constant flow A pulsation damper adds volume...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... Marshall & Swift Equipment Cost Index and the Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index Specific to the air -pollution control industry is the Vatavuk Air Pollution Control Cost Index.1 An index is used ... steam, water, electricity, etc.) 7.3 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT COST 7.3.1 OAQPS CONTROL COST MANUAL To assist permit applicants and reviewing agencies, and to bring some semblance of consistency ... of the control equipment and fundamentals of operation, cost correlations based on size and materials, and factors for operating costs 7.3.2 OTHER COST-ESTIMATING RESOURCES The OAQPS Control...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... piping, pumps, fans, and tanks Finally, the instrument and automatic controls can be added 8.3 MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES The basis for all process design is the mass and energy balances Thermodynamics ... acceptable and feasible design? The authors present the material in this handbook to assist the air pollution control engineer in determining and recognizing a safe, environmentally sound, and feasible ... processes see Smith, Van Ness, and Abbott.5 The basic mass and energy balance concept is presented by Felder and Rousseau.6 Figure 8.2 presents the general mass and energy balance Here the “system”...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... policies Local and federal government regulations Design standards Union contracts and agreements Agreements with fabricators REFERENCES Peters, M S and Timmerhaus, K D., Plant Design and Economics ... cost and then check the IROI Set new base case if IROI is met • Repeat process with all alternatives and select one that meets the ROI and the IROI by balancing the initial cost the ROI and the ... analysis is based on rate of return and the incremental rate of return It is assumed that there is a base case design that will provide the desired pollution control and meet the profitability objective...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... 10.1.2 REMOVAL OF HAP AND ADSORPTION AND VOC BY ABSORPTION Absorption is widely used as a product-recovery method in the chemical and petroleum industry As an emission control technique, it is ... countercurrent flow, an operation carried out with gas entering at the bottom and flowing upward, and the liquid entering at the top and flowing down This process is illustrated in Figure 10.1 Figure 10.2 ... up to flooding Contact time is controlled by the bed depth and the gas velocity In countercurrent flow, mass transfer driving force is maximum at the gas entrance and liquid exit Co-current operation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... packed and plate columns, open spray chambers and towers, cyclonic spray chambers, and combinations of sprayed and packed chambers Some of these devices are illustrated in Figures 10.1, 10.2, and ... Economic Factors in Packed Tower Design: Operating and Capital Cost Factors Operating Costs Pumping power for gas and liquid Labor and maintenance Steam and cooling water Loss of unabsorbed material ... mechanical strength to carry the load and allow easy handling and installation It should be able to resist thermal shock and possible extreme temperature changes, and it must be chemically resistant...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... parameters and temperature P = the equilibrium pressure of adsorption To determine b and Vm, rearrange Equation 12.6 P P = + V bVm Vm (12.7) Measure P and V and plot P/V vs P The slope is 1/Vm, and ... condensation and evaporation a second constant related to the energy of condensation on the monomolecular layer and on the subsequent layers In this case x is related to pressure, temperature, and the energy ... surface and any gas, but chemisorption demands a chemical affinity between adsorbate and adsorbent In physical adsorption, the rate of adsorption is rapid, while in chemisorption the energy of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... location and burned in either an open or an enclosed flame Flares can be used to control a wide variety of flammable VOC streams, and can handle large fluctuations in VOC concentration, flow rate, and ... (for example, natural gas), and substantial process -control and monitoring equipment In addition, public perception of a new “incinerator” can make it difficult to locate and permit a new unit 13.3.1 ... Loading random media (Courtesy of Smith Environmental Corp.) FIGURE 13.14 Installing structured media (Courtesy of Geoenergy International Corp.) • Fan power, based on pressure drop and gas flow...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... with the coolant inside the tubes and the condensing vapor outside the tubes Vertical shell and tube heat exchanger arrangements are shown in Figure 14.4 Advantages and disadvantages of each type ... Wednesday, September 5, 2001 9:57 PM TABLE 14.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Types Used in Condensation Shell and Tube Condenser Types Horizontal Exchanger Condensate ... vanVess, H C., and Abbott, M M., Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 2000 Perry, R H and Green, D A., Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... COMPARED TO OTHER AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Other control technology for the control of VOCs and air toxics include incineration, carbon adsorption, condensation, and wet scrubbing The advantage ... an air stream and placing it in the wash water Biofilters allow the biotransformation of the pollution to less- or nontoxic forms and reduced volumes Incineration works as a control technology for ... temperature, and nutrient supply REFERENCES Williams, T O and Miller, F C., Odor control using biofiltration, BioCycle, 72–77, October 1992 Leson, G and Winer, A M., Biofiltration: An innovative air pollution...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22