emitter laser and waveguide

... Crystals – Innovative Systems, Lasers and Waveguides, Edited by Alessandro Massaro p cm ISBN 978-953-51-0416-2       Contents   Preface IX Part Photonic Crystal Laser and Photonic Crystal Characterization ... emitting laser, nonlinear coupled cavity waveguides, double negative materials and semiconductor lasers are discussed Innovative Materials and Systems This section introduces innovative materials and ... emitting lasers 14 Photonic Crystals – Innovative Systems, Lasers and Waveguides Y X Fig 15 Wave vector diagram at points (A), (B), (C) in Fig 13(a); ki and kd indicate the incident and diffracted...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... technology, several types of laser such as CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser, Argon laser, Er: YAG laser and He: Ne lasers 42 were developed and used in dental research and treatment (Coluzzi, 2000; Wigdor et ... 175.22±4.10 (CO2 laser) , 152.74±3.90 (DSF+CO2 laser) in enamel and 1261.90± 11.68 (Control), 814.85± 8.89(DSF), 935.45±8.42 (CO2 laser) , 614.37±4.84 (DSF+CO2 laser) in root CO2 Laser and DSF had a ... effectiveness of CO2 laser and diode laser on the fluoride uptake revealed that the uptake is increased on the diode laser (57%) and CO2 laser (69%) irradiated enamel surface and better pulp safety...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:03

... conductors Compute 𝑒 and 𝐸 from (3.13) and (3.1a) Compute ℎ and 𝐻from (3.18) and (3.1b) Compute V from (3.15) and I from (3.16) The propagation constant is given by (3.8), and the characteristic ... Velocities and Dispersion Transmission Line General two – conductor Tx Closed waveguide General Solutions for TEM, TE and TM Waves   Assume time harmonic fields with e-jt dependence and wave ... Outline General Solutions for TEM, TE, and TM Waves Parallel Plate Waveguide Rectangular Waveguide Circular Waveguide Coaxial Line Surface Waves on a Grounded Dielectric...

Ngày tải lên: 07/12/2015, 02:26

... IEEE 802.3 and ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Following is a table of IEEE GbE and 10GbE standards with related fiber types and bandwidths/distances (see Table 1) As shown in Table 1, standard 62.5µm and 50µm ... than standard 50µm or 62.5µm fiber A 10GbE signal at a wavelength of 850nm is only guaranteed for 26 meters on standard 62.5µm fiber and for 86 meters on standard 50µm fiber Standard laseroptimized ... industry, and many cable and connectivity manufacturers offer a variety of 50µm fiber optic products Laser- optimized 50µm fiber has also been accepted and specified by all major standard bodies,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 02:15

... DOUBLE RIDGE RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE A Another type of waveguide commonly used in EW systems is the double ridge rectangular waveguide The ridges in this waveguide increase the bandwidth of the guide ... at the expense of E F D B higher attenuation and lower power-handling capability The bandwidth can easily exceed that of two contiguous standard waveguides Introduction of the ridges mainly lowers ... typical double ridged waveguide shape and Table shows double ridged waveguide specifications In the case of ridged waveguides, in the EIA designation, (WRD350 D36) the first "D" stands for double ridged...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 11:15

... IEEE 802.3 and ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Following is a table of IEEE GbE and 10GbE standards with related fiber types and bandwidths/distances (see Table 1) As shown in Table 1, standard 62.5µm and 50µm ... than standard 50µm or 62.5µm fiber A 10GbE signal at a wavelength of 850nm is only guaranteed for 26 meters on standard 62.5µm fiber and for 86 meters on standard 50µm fiber Standard laseroptimized ... industry, and many cable and connectivity manufacturers offer a variety of 50µm fiber optic products Laser- optimized 50µm fiber has also been accepted and specified by all major standard bodies,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 11:20

... sccm Žstandard cubic centimeter and a pressure of 700 Torr After the temperature achieved 14008C, the laser ablation process was started A KrF excimer laser beam Ž248 nm of 400 mJ per pulse and a ... target The total duration of ablation was h and the size of the laser spot on the target was about = mm Two layers of sponge-like webs, a yellow web and a green web, were deposited on the inner ... 0.25 nm This value fits with the standard Ä 1114 crystalline plane of b-SiC Grain boundaries and microtwins are the main defects observed The results of XRD and Raman analysis also give the same...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:08

... of SiNWs synthesized by laser ablation In this Letter, we present the results on this project Our results show that the morphology and diameter of SiNWs synthesized by laser ablation not only ... et al / Chemical Physics Letters 358 (2002) 396–400 Laser ablation synthesis of nanowires is quite popular, by which long, uniform-sized, and singlecrystal SiNWs can be readily fabricated in ... introduced and kept flowing at a flow rate of 50 sccm The pressure in the tube was controlled at 300 Torr Then the furnace was heated to 1200 °C at the central region After the temperature and pressure...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:09

... of and 2, and 3, and 4, and and x We discuss the Epq mode, which has Ex and Hy as principal ®eld y components, and the Epq mode, which has Ey and Hx as principal ®eld components Here, p and q and ... e ˆ e0 er ; …1:3† m ˆ m0 mr : …1:4† Here, e0 and m0 are the permittivity and permeability of a vacuum, and er and mr are the relative permittivity and permeability of the material Since the relative ... the time-dependent electric and magnetic ®elds are expressed as E…r; t† and H…r; t†, and the time-independent electric and   magnetic ®elds are expressed as E…r† and H…r† Because the voltage...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41

... nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation (a) and by chemical reduction (b) Fig Absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles produced by laser ablation in a 0.003, 0.01 and 0.1M solution of PVA The ... 400 nm by laser ablation The peak width of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation is narrower than that by chemical reduction This result is in accordance with the measured average size and dispersity ... with formation rate of 20% and particle diameter ranges from nm to 12 nm of in case of laser ablation Meanwhile, the average size is 26 nm with formation rate of 8% and the particle diameter ranges...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... (Al,In)GaN and concepts of ridge laser diode design in the group-III-nitrides are presented, which are extended in detail in the subsequent chapters Band structure and band profile of laser heterostructures ... GaN and its alloys, on the optical eigenmodes of the laser waveguide is described Optical gain spectra for different crystal and waveguide orientations are calculated using a k · p-method, and ... homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening and the filling of energetic 2.3 Band Structure and Optical Gain 15 states in the band structure At a photon energy much smaller than the effective bandgap,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:20

... distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited 4 Confocal Laser Microscopy - Principles and Applications in Medicine, Biology, and the Food Sciences cells, and ... regenerative medicine [7-10] Confocal Laser Microscopy - Principles and Applications in Medicine, Biology, and the Food Sciences 2.5 Two-photon laser scanning microscopy and time-lapse imaging One of ... ganglion cells and inner plexiform layers; and external vascular plexus, between inner and outer nuclear layers (Figure 2F) The figure shows a 21 22 Confocal Laser Microscopy - Principles and Applications...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... 694 nm ruby lasers, 755 nm alexandrite lasers, 800 nm diode lasers, 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers, and filtered xenon flashlamps This paper focuses on an 800 nm diode laser (LightSheer Diode Laser, Lumenis ... wavelength Ruby lasers operate at 694 nm, alexandrite lasers at 755 nm, diode lasers at 800 nm and Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm (Adapted from Boulnois JL Photophysical processes in recent medical laser developments: ... temporary and permanent hair reduction can be achieved safely and effectively with the LightSheer Diode Laser By matching pulse duration and fluence to specific hair color, skin color and type, the laser...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... femtosecond laser photons have energy below the band gap of In2O3 nanowires, femtosecond METHODS Famtosecond Laser Anneal and I-V Measurement The laser annealing source was a Ti:Sapphire laser operating ... before (black open square) and after (red open circle) laser annealing (b) Vth shift of the NWT before and after laser annealing at drain-to-source voltages of Vds = 0.1, 0.5, and 4.0 V (c) The Ids-Vds ... transparent to visible light, and are suitable for transparent and flexible TFTs Meanwhile, ITO is a promising candidate as transparent conductors for gate, source, and drain electrodes16-18 in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... dynamics simulation on ultrafast laser ablation of metal, in: The International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, Laser Institute of America, Orlando, 1999, pp 219–228 [11] J.I ... be handled by the authors’ computer resource in terms of suppressing the statistical uncertainty and revealing macro-scale phenomena in laser ablation This work emphasizes the evolution and propagation ... temperature and thermomechanical waves during and after laser heating For the first time, the thermal–mechanical coupling is studied in detail, which has a strong impact on the temperature distribution and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... Residual stress and amorphization of the silicon single crystal were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy as a function of the fluence and pulse duration of the incident laser Femtosecond laser irradiation ... induce significant stress and amorphization in single crystal silicon Also, effects of the laser polarization on residual stress and amorphization during femtosecond laser machining of silicon ... ultrafast laser heating, melting and resolidification processes is tracked One focus is to understand the interface kinetics, the relation between the melting/resolidification velocity and the interface...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... annealing laser beam for the laser beam parameters of Figs and for uncapped and capped samples are shown in Figs and 10, respectively Phase change for IV=60 pm is experimentally observed for a laser ... Comparisons of the experimental and computational results for this type of film, using laser processing parameters of IV=60 ,um and PT=1.8 W and 1.4 W are shown in Figs 14 and 15, respectively The change ... annealed sample to irradiation by an argon-ion laser beam with W=60 pm and different laser beam powers ‘ The polysilicon deposition temperature is (a) 580 “C and (b) 630 “C! Xu et al 8091 Downloaded...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... the laser! induced plume\ and trans! mission and scattering of the laser beam from the plume at laser ~uences between 1[4 and 09[4 J cm−1[ The exper! imental results showed that\ when the laser ... the velocity and optical properties of the laser! ablated plume in the laser ~uence range between 1[4 and 09[4 J cm−1[ These experimental studies have shown distinct phenomena when the laser ~uence ... variation of the laser pulse energy and surface re~ectivity\ and temperature dependent thermophysical properties are used as input parameters[ Further\ absorp! tion of laser energy by the laser! evaporated...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... spatial and temporal dependence of the free electron density and the spatial and temporal dependence of laser intensity inside the fused silica At the airsample interface, the transmitted and reflected ... absorption, and laser defocusing due to free electrons, respectively The photoionization rate WPI is related to the band gap U, electric field angular frequency ␻, effective electron mass m, and the ... The band gap of fused silica is U = 9.0 eV,18 the laser wavelength is 800 nm, and the effective electron mass is 0.86 me ͑Ref 20͒ ͑me is the free electron mass͒ In the case of low frequency and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... laser and a W CW fiber laser are used The operation parameters of these two lasers are summarized in Table Laser wavelength Laser pulse full width Laser pulse repetition Laser maximum power Laser ... the pulsed laser and the CW laser The laser beam diameter of the CW laser is 40 ? m At these laser powers, melting does not occur Compared with the pulsed laser bending of ceramics and silicon, ... velocity (a) pulsed laser, 1.1 W, (b) CW laser, 5.0 W pulsed laser and CW laser bending are compared As expected, the bending angle increases when the input laser power increases, and decreases with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55