embedded reactive and real time systems

... look first at real- time issues, then some specific embedded issues, and finally, at trends and issues that commonly apply to both realtime and embedded systems Real- Time Systems A real- time system ... their deadlines Hard real- time systems are commonly also embedded systems Differences between real- time and time- shared systems Real- time systems are different from time shared systems in the three ... fundamentally different from time- shared systems Overview of Embedded and Real- Time Systems 21 DSP Systems are Hard Real- Time Usually, DSP systems qualify as hard real- time systems As an example, assume...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2016, 10:03

... analysis of audio and video and arbitrary view and sound synthesis to encoding of 3D audio and video Understanding of real- time implementation issues, as well as system architectures and network aspects ... goal Where teleoperation systems aim to offer real- time and appropriately mapped sensory feedback, telerobotic systems have an intrinsic delay between issuing the command and carrying out the necessary ... 11 Coding and Standardization by A Smolic and T Sikora outlines the basic coding strategies frequently used for audio, image and video storage and transmission International coding standards such...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2013, 10:21

... e.g., the Internet, embedded systems, mobile devices and so on This is especially true for concurrent and real- time systems, which have concurrent executions, shared resources and timing factors ... Model Checking Real- time Systems Computers are frequently used in critical applications where predictable response times are essential for correctness Such systems are called real- time systems Examples ... is an important and nontrivial task There are two time semantics in the definition of real- time systems Discrete -time semantics [11] requires that all time readings are integers and all clocks...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:38

... edition of Real- Time Systems Design and Analysis, with the descriptive subtitle Tools for the Practitioner Hardware for Real- Time Systems Real- Time Operating Systems Fundamentals of Real- Time Systems ... microprocessors and real- time operating systems became www.it-ebooks.info 22 FUNDAMENTALS OF REAL- TIME SYSTEMS TABLE 1.5 Landmarks in Real- Time Systems History in the United States Year Landmark Developer ... of the term real- time. ” Across technical and pedestrian literature, various forms of the term, such as real time, real- time, and realtime may appear But to computer, software, and systems engineers...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:03

... of real- time systems 1.3 EXAMPLE REAL- TIME SYSTEMS Embedded real- time systems are so pervasive that they are even found in household appliances and toys A small sampling of real- time domains and ... Operating Systems Queuing Theory Disciplines that impact on real- time systems engineering 1.3 ž ž ž ž ž ž EXAMPLE REAL- TIME SYSTEMS 13 Specification and design of real- time systems and correct ... by making unnecessary the notion of timeliness, every system becomes a real- time system Real- time systems are often reactive or embedded systems Reactive systems are those in which scheduling...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:51

... on real- time architectures and continues with a section (Chapters and 6) on specification and verification of real- time systems, a section on real- time scheduling algorithms (Chapters to 9) and ... in real- time database systems and describes some concurrency control algorithms for accessing temporal data Then, it deals with analysing validity of active real- time systems and effects real- time ... constraint is the brakes release time to prevent the wheel from locking Real- time software may use synchronous programming languages, real- time operating systems and real- time networks providing essential...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... of real- time systems 1.3 EXAMPLE REAL- TIME SYSTEMS Embedded real- time systems are so pervasive that they are even found in household appliances and toys A small sampling of real- time domains and ... Operating Systems Queuing Theory Disciplines that impact on real- time systems engineering 1.3 ž ž ž ž ž ž EXAMPLE REAL- TIME SYSTEMS 13 Specification and design of real- time systems and correct ... by making unnecessary the notion of timeliness, every system becomes a real- time system Real- time systems are often reactive or embedded systems Reactive systems are those in which scheduling...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... subtraction has subtract and and subtrahend, multiplication has multiplicand and multiplier, and division has dividend and divisor In a generic sense, the two terms “operandam” and “operandum” can be used ... for real- time system designers? Are they any different for non -real- time systems? 2.7 Compare and contrast the different memory technologies discussed in this chapter as they pertain to real- time ... synchronization and communication via semaphores, mailboxes, and other methods A real- time executive is a kernel that includes privatized memory Synonymously called “task.” Real- Time Systems Design and Analysis,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... theoretical results in real- time operating systems (RTOS), a fairly rigorous formulation is necessary Most 3.2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF REAL- TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS 89 real- time systems are inherently ... full-featured, real- time operating systems because the number of real- time tasks can vary This architecture is used in interactive on-line systems where tasks (associated with users) come and go This ... τ2 , and τ3 have decreasing priorities, and τ1 and τ3 share some data or resource that requires 118 REAL- TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS Normal Execution Blocked t1 t2 t3 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 Time...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... high-resolution interval timer structure: struct itimerspec{ struct timespec it_value, it_interval; }; int timer_settime (timer_t timerid, int flag, struct itimerspec *value, struct itimerspec *oldvalue); ... sigevent *event, timer_t *timer_id); As per POSIX standard, different platforms can have multiple time bases, but every platform must support at least the CLOCK_REALTIME time base A timer based upon ... time- of-day clock” is the CLOCK_REALTIME clock, defined in the time. h header file The CLOCK_REALTIME clock is a systemwide clock, visible to all processes running on the system The CLOCK_REALTIME...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... Event All Traffic Standards/Display of Commanded Phase All Traffic Standards/Display of Commanded Phase All Traffic Standards/Display of Phase All Traffic Standards/Display of commanded phase Intersection ... Traffic Standards/Display of Default State Intersection Controller/Cycle Time and Splits updated Intersection Controller/Cycle Time and Splits updated All Traffic Standards/Display of Commanded Phase ... system to coexist and cooperate with other systems For example, in real- time systems the software must be able to communicate with various devices using standard bus structures and protocols A...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... early, non -real- time imageprocessing systems were data and action intensive, but did not encounter much in the way of stimuli and response Real- time systems are usually data intensive and would ... more suitable then SD for the embedded real- time systems and the inertial measure unit in particular SD and object-oriented design are often compared and contrasted, and, indeed, they are similar ... Structured Analysis and Structured Design in Real- Time Applications There are several apparent problems in using structured analysis and structured design (SASD) to model the real- time systems, including...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... accuracy of these timers is machine dependent, and not guaranteed, reducing their usefulness for real- time systems C# and the NET platform may not be appropriate for hard real- time systems for several ... it is running under a real- time Java thread or a non -real- time Java thread The specification must define the relationships that exist between real- time Java and non -real- time Java threads 344 ... divide-by-zero, and user-defined ones The ability to define and handle exceptional conditions in the high-level language aids in the construction of interrupt handlers and other code used for real- time event...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... time1 =current_clock _time( ); loop _time= time1 -time0 ; time2 =current_clock _time( ); /* read time now */ /* run empty loop */ for (i=1;i

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... the use of function points in real- time embedded systems, especially in largescale real- time databases, multimedia, and Internet support These systems are data driven and often behave like the large-scale ... information systems and therefore are not particularly applicable to many other systems, such as real- time, embedded, communications, and process control software The motivation is that these systems ... building and maintaining code for embedded systems versus nonembedded ones The function point metric has mostly been used in business processing, and not nearly as much in embedded systems However,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... 1995 [Bucci95] Bucci, G., Campanai, M., and Nesi, P “Tools for Specifying Real- Time Systems. ” Real- Time Systems: The International Journal of Time Critical Systems, Volume 8, Number 2/3, March/April ... and Wellings, A Real- time Systems and Their Programming Languages Addison-Wesley, New York, 1990 [Buttazzo00] Buttazzo, G Hard Real- Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and ... Reactive real- time systems, Readers, time- relative buffering, 99–100 Ready state, 87–89, 170 Real- time code, refactoring, see Refactoring Real- time interval logic (RTIL), 168 Real- time Java (RTSJ):...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... systems and hard real- time systems In soft real- time systems, the timing constraint is elastic Miss of the deadline in soft real- time systems only results in loss of QoS but not the failure of systems ... acceptable In hard real- time systems, the time deadline is deterministic and hard Applications are mission-critical and should never miss their deadlines Deadline miss in hard real- time systems will ... into hard real- time systems, in order to guarantee the schedulability of the tasks and proper functioning of systems A task is schedulable in real- time systems when its worst-case response time (WCRT)...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:02

... ix Audience and Prerequisites x Personal Biases xi Chapter 1: The Embedded and Real- time Space What Is Embedded? What Is Real- time? How and Why Does ... little has been written about Linux in embedded or real- time environments Linux Installation and Getting Started, Matt Welsh, et al ix Linux for Embedded and Real- time Applications I decided to climb ... are accustomed to The embedded systems programmer often has to deal directly with the hardware What Is Real- time? Real- time is harder to explain The basic idea behind real- time is that we expect...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2016, 09:24

... Concise Handbook Of Linux for Embedded Real- Time Systems TimeSys Corporation Version 1.1 1-888-432 -TIME ©2002 TimeSys Corporation Pittsburgh, PA www.timesys.com Embedded Real- Time Systems and Linux ... system Embedded Real- Time Systems and Linux • Requirements for Embedded Real- Time Systems Real- time software is most commonly found in embedded systems Since the line between the operating system and ... 80 81 87 Embedded Real- Time Systems and Linux Managing Real- Time Systems A real- time system is one in which it is possible to predict and control when computations take place In real- time applications,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2016, 09:24

... soft real- time systems Table 1.2: Hard real- time versus soft real- time systems CHAPTER THE REAL- TIME ENVIRONMENT 13 Response Time: The demanding response time requirements of hard real- time ... future, embedded real- time systems will form the most important market segment for real- time technology 2 1.1 CHAPTER THE REAL- TIME ENVIRONMENT WHEN IS A COMPUTER SYSTEM REAL- TIME? A real- time ... distribution by looking at two important examples of real- time systems, embedded systems and plant-automation systems 1.6.1 Embedded Real- Time Systems The ever decreasing price/performance ratio...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2016, 11:38