elements gene transfer and linkages with other genes

... antiviral, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) As specific and sensitive markers we used the ISG56 gene which is induced both by IFNs and by virus infection [38,39] and the MxA gene which is exclusively ... Interferon-stimulated genes Interferon-stimulated genes RNA samples of Caco-2 cells (A) and HEK 293 cells (B) described in Fig were investigated by RT-PCR for the presence of ISG56 and MxA mRNAs As ... antiviral IFNs and the IFN-induced effector genes to a large extent Induction of chemokines by infected cells IP-10 and RANTES are potent chemoattractants for activated T cells and NK cells [2]...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... noitarutaned fo selcyc 03 ;nim rof Co49 ta noitarutaned laitini :snoitidnoc gniwollof eht ta ,)ANDc ro AND cimoneg( xirtam fo stnuoma elbairav dna ,remirp hcae fo Mµ 4.0 ,reffub lµ 52 ni )ASU ,hcetoiB ... noitanibmoc :sniarts iidnog amsalpoxoT fo noitaziretcarahc laudividni rof dohtem gnitnirpregnif AND A P samohT-esiorbmA ,M erdnaxelA -ertseP ,G reinrevaT ,C niduoB ,LM draD ,N anitsirC 09801-18801...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... field-mediated DNA transfer Pm Natl Acad Sci USA 63,349~3499 Kaye, J and Hedrick, S M (1988) Analysis of specificity for antigen, MIS, and allogeneic MHC by transfer of T-cell receptor cx -and @hain genes ... leading to stable transfection of two genes (a murine Major Histocompatibility Complex class I gene and neomycin selectable gene) in mouse L-cells (fibroblast) and mouse 48 Spencer RlA cells (thymoma) ... chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene This type of gene transfer is often referred to as a transient expression system Production of the CAT enzyme peaks at around 40-48 h and thereafter the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:42

... of genes originating from other organisms, for example, bacterial genes which can be used as reporter genes (see Chapters l&12), mammalian genes that code for immunoglobulins (5) or viral genes ... Montagu, M., and Schell, J (198 1) Site-specific mutagenesis of Agrobactertum Ti-plasmids and transfer of genes to plant cells J MoZ AppZ Genet 1, 149-164 Ditta, G , Stanfield, S , Corbm, D., and Helmski, ... cotransferred gene of interest (see Note 7) References Horsch, R B , Fry, J E., Hoffman, N L., Elchholtz, D , Rogers, S G , and Fraley, R T (1985) A simple and general method for transferring genes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:10

... the paralogous genes tdcE and pflB are both regulated by CRP and IHF Because tdcE and pflB are in operons, and because the first genes of those operons are not homologous (tdcA and focA), the ... horizontally acquired genes Complex regulation of horizontally acquired genes Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) genes were identified by an automated presence/absence method, and the number of different ... each gene was taken from RegulonDB Genes without any known regulation were not included HGT genes tend to have more regulators than other genes (P < 10-4, by Wilcoxon rank sum test; 354 HGT genes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... aspects of gene and protein The interaction between DNA and protein structure and function is precise and interwoven over the entire length of the protein The distribution of mIMRs and rdIMRs and their ... coincidence of the ends of IMRs and PSEs was tested for several gene segments – MA-CA-p2-NC, MA, CA and NC segments – using Fisher's exact test (FET) [20] The Kabsch and Sander [21] secondary structure ... combined IMRs and functional and structural data The sequence motifs of experimentally determined functional and structural data, and the sequence positions of the translations of mIMRs and rdIMRs...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... ranging from general defence-related genes (metallothioneins, thaumatin and universal stress genes) to more specific oomycete defence-related genes (pathogenesis related protein PR10 and the oxysterolbinding ... protein, metallothionein and thaumatin-like genes as well as cytochrome P450) and Phytophthora specific response genes such as (thaumatin, PR-10 and the LRR resistance protein-like gene) [44-47,49-52,55,64] ... responses and activating various defence genes such as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes [17] but the mode of action has not been elucidated The production of NO and ROS have previously been demonstrated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... and serum cholesterol levels were not significantly different in patients with and without CAD (Table 1) Comparisons of the levels of the vitamins (retinol, tocopherol and cholecalciferol), and ... vitamins (retinol, tocopherol and cholecalciferol), and trace elements and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb and Mn) in patients with CAD and the control group are shown in Table Compared with the ... blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking and hypertension (13) Several trace elements have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD (14) Low serum Zn levels have been associated...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:51

... heat transfer and flow behavior in a rectangular rib roughened passage” International Journal of Heat and mass transfer; 123: 675-681, 2001 [6] Lau S.C., McMillin R.D and Han J.C Turbulent Heat transfer ... Proceeding of the 4th ISHMT-ASME and 15th National Conference on Heat and Mass transfer conference, Jan12-14, Pune, 2000 [23] Zhang, Y M., Gu, W Z and Han, J C., “Heat transfer and friction in rectangular ... Eckert E.R.G and Goldstein R J Heat transfer and friction in tubes with repeated rib roughness, International journal of Heat mass transfer, 14, 601-617,1971 [5] Kiml R Mochizuki S and Murata A...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... gel electrophoresis (6%), and analysed by autoradiography Site-directed mutation analysis Site-directed mutagenesis was performed according to the three-step PCR-mutagenesis method [24] Four mutagenic ... development and onset of spermatogenesis, we next examined the transcriptional regulation of Mer Potential regulatory elements in the mouse Mer 5¢-flanking region To identify potential sequence elements ... performed and the results showed that double-stranded oligonucleotide of the region )30/)14 containing the E2F cis-element produced shifted bands (a, b and c) with TM4 nuclear proteins (lanes and 3,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... expression and activity in subcellular fractions of H9c2 cells overexpressing both MCD and AMPK Fig AMPK overexpression by adenoviral gene transfer and endogenous MCD activity (A) AMPK expression (i) and ... transferred to a glass-Teflon homogenizer (Potter-Elvehjem, between 0.10 and 0.15 mm clearance), and homogenized by 10–15 up and down strokes while revolving at 500 r.p.m Homogenate was then transferred ... USA) and counted in a liquid scintillation counter The radioactivity was converted to nanomoles of acetyl-CoA formed in the reaction using a standard curve generated from to 20 nM range of standard...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... in TTR gene expression and its response to injury Several lines of evidence suggest that, in HepG2 cells, the TTR gene is regulated by HNF-4a and other HNFs, including HNF-1a, HNF-3a ⁄ b and HNF-6a, ... on the activity of genes such as TTR is of particular interest in understanding the complexity of transcriptional regulation and the liver’s response to injury, as the TTR gene contains several ... FEBS Z Wang and P A Burke genes contain putative binding sites for more than one HNF factor; thus, the combinatorial transcriptional regulation seen for the TTR gene may represent a generalized...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... (HMG) CoA synthase and squalene synthase (SQS) genes in human hepatoma HepG2 cells We further investigated the molecular mechanism by which glutamine affects the expression of the genes involved ... an SREBP target gene, and that the transcription of SREBP-1a gene is predominantly regulated by the general transcription factor Sp1 [11,12] We next compared the glutamineinduced gene expression ... such as HMG CoA synthase and the LDL receptor, was slightly increased, but then the mRNA levels of both SREBPs and their target genes became significantly elevated at and 12 h (Fig 4) Based on...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... [60] and in vivo [61] studies have shown that AAV vectors induce a change in gene expression profile Genes involving cellular proliferation and differentiation, DNA replication, DNA binding and ... Almeciga-Dıaz et al Promoter and SUMF1 effect on Morquio gene transfer Barrera conceived the study, its design and coordination, and helped to draft the manuscript All of the authors read and approved the ... sulfamidase and SUMF1 genes Hum Mol Genet 16, 2693–2702 Kurai T, Hisayasu S, Kitagawa R, Migita M, Suzuki H, Hirai Y & Shimada T (2007) AAV1 mediated co-expression of formylglycine-generating enzyme and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... [30,31] However, our in vitro mutagenesis and expression study did not link these mutations to an altered b2GPI gene expression [32] Although, in vitro mutagenesis and expression study not rule out ... Lanes and are wild and mutant type probes without nuclear extracts or TFIID, respectively Lanes and are wild and mutant type probes incubated with nuclear extracts, respectively Lanes and are ... between 16.2 mgÆdL)1 and 18.4 mgÆdL)1, and two with 20.5 mgÆdL)1 and 20.6 mgÆdL)1 Although the bulk of b2GPI plasma variation is under genetic control (66% heritability) other nongenetic factors also...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... mono- and disodium phosphate and a-D-ribose-1-phosphate (R1P) were also obtained from Sigma, and Xao and Xan from Fig Structures of the neutral and monoanionic forms of hypoxanthine (Hx) and inosine ... guanine (Gua) and guanosine (Guo), and xanthine (Xan) and xanthosine (Xao) Note that the monoanions of the latter are still 6-oxopurines, like the neutral forms of Gua and Guo, and Hx and Ino Ó ... 33 ± s)1 and 2.8 ± 0.5 s)1ÆlM)1, and 43 ± s)1 and 3.1 ± 0.6 s)1lM)1 for Guo and Gua, respectively (cf Stoeckler et al [31]) e 11 lM in [61] f Values of kcat and kcat/Km are 31 ± s)1 and 2.8 ±...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... structural in the generation phase transformation SUB TO collapse collapse X [TRANSFER] building CONJ T IN-ORDER-TO This paper described a number of strategies we employed in the transfer and generation ... for the transfer and generation stages (a) Activating a Lexical Rule for a Noun " ~ J ~ ' ( e f f e c t ) from a Governing Verb "+~ + "(give) J-CAT= Verb J-LEX= ~- ~ ~ (five) J-CAT= Verb TRANSFER ... part as post -transfer loop An example is given in Fig 8, where a Japanese factitive verb is first transferred to English "make", and then a structural change is made to eliminate it, and to have...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... without further truncations to the therapeutic genes Several recent research breakthroughs have made rAAV-mediated gene therapy for larger genes (therapeutic genes larger than kb) a viable reality Studies ... this case is defined both from the standpoint of genetic homogeneity, and from the absence of any toxic elements that may jeopardize cellular homeostasis and/ or virion-cell receptor interactions ... marked for banding/collection reference Adenoviral Vectors: Production and Purification 17 References Graham, F L and Prevec, L (1991) Manipulation of adenovirus vectors, in Gene Transfer and Expression...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 11:11

... K., and Lau, Y-F C (1989) A PCR artifact: Generation of heteroduplexes Am J Hum Genet 45, 337–339 Mapping Human Genes 25 Radiation Hybrid (RH) Mapping of Human Smooth Muscle-Restricted Genes ... bands, two corresponding to the two different single-stranded DNA molecules and the remainder corresponding to the doublestranded Usually the fastest migrating band represents the double-stranded ... chromosome or gene structures (e.g., large deletions, insertions, and rearrangements) and those involving only one or a few nucleotides (e.g., point mutations, and small deletions and insertions)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:39