electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

... objectives To understand the intermediates in CAC The ATPs produce in CAC The CO2 is released in CAC The electrons are transferred in the electron transport chain The oxidative phosphorylation Content ... reactions and understand how flux through the cycle is regulated; Understand the energetic output of the citric acid cycle; 12 INTRODUCTION Describe the role of the reduced electron carriers and their ... reaction cycle, electrons are transferred from acetyl-CoA to electron carriers Once an electron carrier accepts an electron, it is referred to as “reduced.” Ultimately, reduced electron carriers...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... glucose transport and glucose transporter-1 expression by IL-1β in normal and osteoarthritis chondrocytes (a) 2-Deoxy-D-glucose ( 2and osteoarthritis chondrocytes DG) transport into normal (n = 4) and ... Figure Basal glucose transport and glucose transporter-1 protein in normal and osteoarthritis chondrocytes (a) 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) transport into chondrocytes normal (n = 6) and osteoarthritis ... suggesting that glucose transport is almost entirely mediated by glucose transporters both in normal and OA chondrocytes The intrinsic activities of the glucose transporters in normal and OA chondrocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:21

... Chance B and Williams GR The Respiratory Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation Adv Enzymol Relat Subj Biochem 1956; 17: 65-134 Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L The rate of oxidative phosphorylation ... Reynafarje BD and Lehninger AL The K+/site and H+/site stoichiometry of mitochondrial electron transport J Biol Chem 1978; 253: 6331-4 34 Perez JA and Ferguson SJ Kinetics of oxidative phosphorylation ... of oxidative phosphorylation in which the processes of ATP synthesis and O2 consumption were kinetically and thermodynamically related (see Figs 1b and 2) The time-courses of O2 consumption and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on the control of fluxes in oxidative phosphorylation Using MCA, we assessed the contribution made by each oxidative phosphorylation module to the control of JR and JP (Table and ... kinetic analysis of the effects of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on oxidative phosphorylation To determine which oxidative phosphorylation components were affected by Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in liver mitochondria ... (JR) and 3664 phosphorylation (JP) fluxes by the respiratory chain, phosphorylation and proton leak modules, as well as control of the respiratory flux by CoQ-reducing and CoQ-oxidizing modules, and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... theory and quantum mechanics is therefore well established and has been exposed in numerous excellent handbooks A somewhat more subtle aspect featuring group theory and quantum mechanics emerged and ... two electrons, N = In the general case two more parameters enter the game, namely, the Coulomb and exchange energy of a two -electron system In our case both electrons are in orbital s-states, and ... spectrum and decays) Then we remain with a multiplet consisting of two singlets, (ground state S and exciton E2 ) and the spin triplet T , 20 HIDDEN AND DYNAMICAL SYMMETRIES OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:50

... level on RCD and HT and changes in RCD and HT over the experimental period Due to significant interactions between light treatment and measuring dates, the RESULTS 3.1 Growth dynamics and biomass ... approximate redox state of the primary electron acceptor (1–qP) and the electron transport rate (ETR) The symbols are full light ( ), light shade (×), medium shade ( ), and high shade ( ) The data are ... 263, and 88 μmol m–2 s–1 or 100, 30, 15, and 5% in the FL, LS, MS, and HS treatments, respectively Under the same conditions, however, the average PPFD from sunrise to sunset was 827, 248, 124, and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... mitochondrial and nuclear genomes; so, assembling the OXPHOS complexes and fine tuning their activity to satisfy cell- and tissuespecific energy demands requires specialized regulatory mechanisms and evolutionary ... (LD), larvae/pupae (LP), and adult ovary (GM), head (GH) and testes (AT), and also the ESTs from adult testes generated at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) ... genomes and their cytological location For each gene, a record showing the gene map and reporting the annotated genomic sequences as well as the mRNA and protein sequences is available and can...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... QUANTUM TRANSPORT The parameter and are the shorthand notation for time and momentum coordinates, 1=[k1 ,t1 ] etc., and the subscript c stands for integral around the contour in Fig.(2.1) and of ... interacting electron gas as independent or noninteracting quasiparticles, and the single electron theory can be applied straight forwardly to give satisfactory or acceptable results The transport ... review articles and books [11] , and we 1.1 NANOSCALE HETEROJUNCTIONS shall only discuss some relevant aspects related to electronic devices The simplest realization of a CNT electronics is perhaps...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:48

... cationic amino acid transporter-2, and NOS in activated murine microglial cells (19) and co-induction of inducible NOS and arginine recycling enzymes in cytokine-stimulated PC12 cells and high output ... incidents involving anesthesia To understand the role of citrulline-NO cycle enzymes, GS and the oxidative status in anoxia and reperfusion, NOS, AS, AL, GS and arginase activities along with the ... astroglial glutamate transporter-I (GLT-1), and also microglial antiporter for cystine and glutamate which may release glutamate when the demand of glutathione synthesis was increased by oxidative stress...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:07

... Liebner S., Andbjer B., Kalbacher H., Wolburg H., Haller H., and Fuxe K Organization of choroid plexus epithelial and endothelial cell tight junctions and regulation of claudin-1, -2 and -5 expression ... sites of PKC and PKA phosphorylation on the claudin-1 protein, and the primers used to perform site-directed mutagenesis of these sites The first 10 rows represent mutations to alanine, and the last ... centrifuged gently, and the lysate was removed from the beads 100 and placed into a new, siliconized microfuge tube PKC substrate antibody was added at a ratio of 1:200, and the lysate and antibody...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:17

... the transport industry for almost half a century, acquiring practical ‘hands-on’ road haulage and logistics experience, a detailed knowledge of UK and EU transport law and a wide understanding ... Leasing, A to Z of Transport and Finance Terminology David Lowe, Dictionary of Transport Terms and Abbreviations, Headlight, 1991 C A O’Flaherty (editor), Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, ... Clothing, Transport, Processing and Forwarding Industry, Middlesex Alan Rushton, John Oxley and Phil Croucher, Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management, Kogan Page, 2000 P Shearman, Air Transport...

Ngày tải lên: 30/08/2013, 23:58

... phonograph records, then of tape recorders and language labs in the mid-twentieth century, and more recently of audio- and video-cassettes and compact discs Jones and Evans (1995) suggest teachers should ... languages, from ancient Latin and Greek to Eskimo and Farsi Homographs and homophones are two typical examples of unequivalence of sound and spelling Referring to sound and spelling patterns, an ... contrastive information, and other aids to supplement listening, imitation, and production It explicitly informs the learner of and focuses attention on such segmentals as the sounds and rhythms of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:45

... of both bottom-up and top-down models, a new and more insightful model of reading process has been proposed by Rumelhart (1977, 1980), Sanford and Garrod (1981) and van Dijk and Kintsch (1983) ... (relating to what language and language learning involves, (2) planning (relating to the what and how of language learning) and (3) self-evaluation (relating to progress in learning and the learner’s ... reader, the text and the interaction between the reader and text Aebersold and Field (1997: 15) share the same view on reading: “Reading is what happens when people look at a text and assign meaning...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... subscripts / and s refer to fast moving and slow moving liquid regions respectively, and JHs is the exchange between the fast moving and slow moving liquid phase: Nonequilibrium transport and sorption ... groundwater table at -1.8m -14 m silty sand and clay -30 m fine and coarse sand -150 m below surface Fig Overview of the subsoil The extent and degree of soil and groundwater contamination have been ... properly transport with tailing: transport related nonequilibrium and sorption related nonequilibrium Transport related nonequilibrium Equations (1) to (4) imply that single values of the velocity and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... of Content TCP/IP Transport Layer TCP/IP Application Layer TCP/IP TRANSPORT LAYER Introduction to transport layer • The primary duties of the transport layer are to transport and regulate the ... TCP: Three way handshaking A B TCP: Window and Acknowledgment TCP: Sliding window and Acknowledgment TCP: Sequence and acknowledgment TCP: Sequence and acknowledgment Transport Layer: TCP ... between peer systems Windowing Acknowledgment • Transport layer protocols – TCP and UDP header formats – TCP and UDP port numbers • The processes and protocols at the TCP/IP application layer –...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 07:20

... pollution and GHG emissions in the transport and energy sectors; • Assess and measure their trends and tendencies, based on a reference point; and • Support the setting of priorities and track ... Thailand, and Vietnam Summary results are presented in Table and Table 6, with focus on the availability and importance for assessing air pollution and GHG emissions from road transport and electricity ... analysis and interpretation Observations on transport and energy data availability and quality in Asia8 Limitations of transport and energy data have been documented in several publications and have...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... between 350 and 600 nm multistep chromatography, and identified the electron transport proteins The system utilized NADPH as a source of electrons, and was composed of Fdx (TTC1809) and FNR (TTC0096) ... Thermostable electron transport system T Mandai et al purified CYP175A1, NADPH, and the 100 mm KCl fraction from the DE52 column (data not shown) The peak was subjected to SDS ⁄ PAGE, and a single band ... the electron transport system is composed of ferredoxin (Fdx) and 2-oxoacid:Fdx oxidoreductase (OFOR), and utilizes pyruvate as an electron source rather than NAD(P)H [13,14] On the other hand,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... (2003) High capacity ¨ xylose transport in Candida intermedia PYCC 4715 FEMS Yeast Res 3, 45–52 11 Nobre A, Lucas C & Leao C (1999) Transport and util˜ ization of hexoses and pentoses in the halotolerant ... from d-xylose by both yeasts and from l-arabinose in the case of C arabinofermentans [25] The co-utilization of d-xylose and l-arabinose in mixtures by Candida entomaea and P guilliermondii had already ... catabolism in yeast tinct transport systems operating simultaneously and differing in substrate affinity (half-saturation constants of  125 mm and 0.1 mm for low-affinity and highaffinity uptake,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... as four distinct bands on a SDS ⁄ PAGE gel due to multiple phosphorylation The tyrosine phosphorylated bands of S6K overlap with two of the activated and slower migrating bands We have shown ... tyrosine phosphorylation may create an SH2 recognition site and thus may alter the binding affinities of S6K In this study, and for the first time, we demonstrate receptor association and tyrosine phosphorylation ... of S6Ks Tyrosine phosphorylation reached its maximum at 30 of stimulation and decreased after h (Fig 2A) Time course experiments using and 10 of stimulation were also performed and indicated that...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... the axial ligand H200 of the distal heme group and by residues N128 and Q131 in the stretch connecting the hydrophobic parts of helices II and III specically affected in mutants N128D and Q131L, ... in the steady state of electron transport Proteoliposomes containing hydrogenase (formate dehydrogenase) and fumarate reductase were used with H2 or DMNH2 (formate) as electron donor The experiments ... of electron transport, and Te the corresponding TPP+ concentration in the medium (see Fig 3) The internal TPP+ concentration (Ti) was calculated according to Eqn (1) Dw was calculated from Te and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20