electrolytes water and acid base balance

... acid- base balance using surrogate markers of urine and blood pH [9,10] It is possible that the regular consumption of AK bottled water could have a similar influence on markers of acid- base balance, ... bottled waters by Control and Experimental groups Week Treatment Period Control Group Water Consumed Experimental Group Water Consumed Pre-Treatment Placebo Water Placebo Water Treatment Placebo Water ... Water Treatment Placebo Water AK Water Treatment Placebo Water AK Water Post-Treatment Placebo Water Placebo Water Note: Placebo water was Aquafina while AK water was Akali® however, the subject...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... Acid- Base abnormalities  Metabolic Acidosis  Metabolic Alkalosis  Respiratory Acidosis  Respiratory Alkalosis Mechanisms of acid- base balance Respiratory system ... Titrable acids (HPO4) Excretion of organic acids Buffers Ca, Hb, PP bones Ammonium (NH4) Metabolic Acidosis  Definition:  Primary decrease in serum HCO3  Decreased pH  Accumulation of acids ... plasma AG=Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal AG= 10-12 mEq/L Causes of ↑AG metabolic acidosis: “Accumulation of acids” lactic acidosis Ketoacidosis - diabetic, alcoholic, starvation Toxins - ethylene glycol,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 05:21

... are provided [10] Results Acid- Base Balance There were significant interactions (p < 0.01) and main effects for condition (p < 0.001) and time (p < 0.001) for all acid- base variables (pH, HCO3-, ... finger and immediately analyzed for acid- base balance (ABL800 Basic analyzer, Radiometer, West Sussex, UK) Subsequently, the participants consumed 750 mL of water with either g of fruit and vegetable ... acute alkalotic shift in acid- base balance contrasts with other recently published work by König and colleagues [3] These researchers presented Figure Represented are the acid- base responses for Energised...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... METABOLIC ACIDOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 171 METABOLIC ALKALOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 249 vii viii CONTENTS RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES YOUNGSOOK YOON AND JOSEPH ... books and websites, please click here To my wife Sheli, my parents Robert Sr and Nancy, my son Rob, and my brothers Steven and Fred, whose help and support are invaluable in both my life and career ... PERAZELLA 21 DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE (HYPOAND HYPERNATREMIA) ROBERT F REILLY, Jr., AND MARK A PERAZELLA 55 DIURETICS MARK A PERAZELLA 103 DISORDERS OF K+ BALANCE (HYPO- AND HYPERKALEMIA) MARK...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE FIGURE 3–3: Net water loss increases serum osmolality and serum Na؉ concentration, thereby stimulating both thirst and AVP production to return water balance to baseline ... vasopressin 93 94 DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia are related to cell swelling and shrinking TABLE 3–39: Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia Neuromuscular ... vasopressin 98 DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE TABLE 3–42: Water Deprivation Test Water is prohibited, urine volume and osmolality is measured hourly, and serum Na+ concentration and osmolality is measured...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Figure 6–4 Paradoxical Intracellular Acidosis 248 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 175 ACID- BASE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY TABLE 6–1: General Principles of Acid- Base Homeostasis Acid- base homeostasis consists of the ... of nonvolatile acids and bases and the ingestion of a normal “Western diet” to maintain acid- base homeostasis the kidney must excrete this acid load The role of the kidney in acid- base homeostasis ... (mixed or complex acid- base disorders) 180 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS TABLE 6–4: Assessing Acid- Base Balance Because of the importance of the bicarbonate buffer system in overall acid- base homeostasis,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES Figure 8–2 Use of the Anion Gap in Evaluation 303 Figure 8–3 Acid- Base Nomogram 304 8–10 Syndromes Commonly Associated with Mixed Acid- Base Disorders ... significantly increased SAG 304 RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES FIGURE 8–3: Acid- Base Nomogram A second approach to the evaluation of mixed acid- base disturbances involves the use of a ... chronic compensation RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES 295 TABLE 8–5 (Continued) As PaCO2 increases and arterial pH decreases, renal acid excretion and bicarbonate retention become...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... FGF-23, a 251-amino acid protein, is secreted and processed at a cleavage site into inactive N- and C-terminal fragments; mutations in ADHR occur at the proteolytic site and prevent cleavage ... intolerance, and Lowe’s syndrome Acquired—Multiple myeloma, renal transplantation, and drugs Drugs—Ifosfamide, streptozocin, tetracyclines, valproic acid, ddI, cidofovir, adefovir, tenofovir, and ranitidine ... in the face of a normal serum glucose concentration, and aminoaciduria Less commonly patients may also have proximal renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemia Diagnosis A urinalysis for glycosuria...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... 243, 286 acid- base balance assessment approach of patients, 189–192 bicarbonate reclamation, 182–183 new bicarbonate production, distal nephron, 184 acid- base biology/chemistry acid- base balance ... 107 and DCT diuretics, 115 and diuretic resistance, 118, 120 encephalopathy risks, 115 and K+ balance disorders, 42 and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, 116 and Na+ balance disorders, 42 and ... 37, 39, 150, 153, 265, 278, 284 lithium and hypercalcemia, 320, 331 and K+ balance disorders, 150 and metabolic acidosis, 200 and nephrogenic DI, 92, 101 and serum magnesium disorders, 442 loop...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2012, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2012, 16:00

... acetic acid plus 0.001 M HCl (e) 0.16M acetic acid plus 0.044 M sodium acetate (Ans: 1.3, 2.88, 8.79, 2.27, 4.2) Polyatomic Acids & Bases 13 Phosphorus acid, H3PO4, is actually a diprotic acid; ... 1.0 X 10-2 and Ka2 = 2.6 X 10-7 What are the values of [H+], pH and HPO32- in a 1.0 M solution? 14 Tellurium, in the same family as sulphur, forms an acid analogous to sulphuric acid and called ... acid and called telluric acid It exists, however, as H6TeO6 (which looks like H2TeO4 + H2O) It is a diprotic acid Ka1 = 2.1 X 10-8 and Ka2 = 6.5 X 10-12 Calculate [H+], pH, and [H4TeO62-] in a 0.25...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 12:19

... tích đánh giá acid- based  Những rối loạn acid- base đơn giản  Tiếp cận cách hệ thống rối loạn acid- base  quy tắc giúp dễ dàng nhanh chóng đọc rối loạn acid- base Phân tích Acid- Base, cần cơng ... rối loạn acid- base ngun phát Rối loạn acid - base có loại ? pH7,45 nhiễm kiềm HCO3-↑ Chuyển hóa PCO2 ↓ Hô hấp Ngun tắc đơn giản:  CO2 = Acid (hơ ... bicarbonate ketoacid nước tiểu Kết luận:      Để đánh giá RL acid- base xác cần ABG điện giải Cần tiếp cận cách hệ thống Cần nhớ quy tắc “bình thường” khí máu khơng bình thường Acid - Base Điều...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 15:50

... 42 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm proteinat là: A Phần base hệ đệm nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid B Phần acid hệ đệm giải phóng H+ thể bị nhiễm kiềm C Các acid amin acid protein giải phóng ... phóng H+ thể bị nhiễm kiềm D Các acid amin base protein nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid E Các câu 43 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm phosphat A Khi thể bị nhiễm acid Na2HPO4 phóng thích H+ B Khi ... thể bị nhiễm kiềm chất kiềm tác dụng với phần acid hệ đệm muối trung hòa Khi thể bị nhiễm acid chất acid tác dụng với phần kiềm hệ đệm acid yếu hơn, acid dễ phân li cho CO2 H2O Nhờ Hemoglobin vận...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 14:34

... Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life May 4, 2011 Solid ….ice! 고체…얼음 Chất rắn ወወወ băng ‫.وهي حالة مادة، تقاوم التشوه وتغيير الحجم‬ Liquid… water! 액체 Likido Chất lỏng ... estado de agregación de la materia en el que las sustancias no tienen forma ni volumen propio, adoptando el de los recipientes que las contienen ‫الغاز هو أحد حال ت المادة، ومثل السوائل فإن الغازا...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2013, 14:42

... layers between clay, silty clay and sandy silty clay which are smaller grain sizes and higher cohesion than purely sandy soils Because of their small grain sizes and high cohesions, it causes leading ... kilometer from the mine and at the altitude of 276 meters from the mean sea level Most of lands were engaged in farming and cropping plants such as corns, tapiocas, soybean, and rubber trees Within ... boreholes and somewhat near or less than the MCL • Arsenic contamination in water Laboratory results show that the amount of arsenic in surface water at location No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4 and location...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2013, 08:21

... Strontium Water quality Sulfate Water quality, water pollution Sulfide Water quality, water pollution Sulfite Surfactants Tannin, Lignin Water pollution, oxygen scavenger Water pollution Water quality, ... Oxygen Water quality Titration, electrochemical Oxygen demand (biochemical) Water quality and pollution Microbiological-titration Water quality and pollution Chemical oxidationtitration Ozone Water ... materials sampled from water with such disks include haloacetic acids7 and acidic and neutral herbicides.8 Water Sample Preservation It is not possible to completely protect a water sample from changes...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2013, 20:57

... water users and the water supply and demand management practices [1] Generic simulation models are useful to obtain information and understanding on needed management steps that improve the water ... integrates the inputs and outputs for a rainfall-runoff model, an irrigation water demand estimation model, a water resources allocation model, a water quality model, and groundwater flows and pollution ... water (reservoir nodes, and withdrawal nodes), groundwater and other supplies to satisfy final demand at demand sites In addition, transmission links can deliver wastewater outflows from demand...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... + HO Base Acid H2O + CH2_CHO Base (carbanion) Acid Chú ý: Một acid mạnh base liên hợp base yếu Một acid yếu base liên hợp base mạnh 50 - CH3 CH2 + BH B Base mạnh Acid yếu - + + Acid yếu Base ... tác acid base: Nớc dung môi có tính base CH3COOH + H2O Acid Base H3O+ + CH3COOAcid Base Hoà tan muối acid hữu vào nớc, có tơng tác acid -base : Nớc dung môi có tính acid H2O + CH3COO Base Acid ... tơng tác acid -base, tạo carbocation trung gian trớc lúc tạo thành alcol H3PO4 + CH3 CH=CH2 Acid Base + CH3CH_CH3 + Acid - H2PO4 Base Một số phản ứng có xúc tác base có trình tơng tác acid base để...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 15:20