... radio engineering tools to model the electromagnetic propagationin tunnels for radio planning and network tuning. In this article, we propose an original method based on a Ray Launching method ... simulation is presented in Figure 7. First step consists in extracting fast fading by using a running mean. The window’s length is 40 λ on the first 50 m, and 100 λ elsewhere , according to the literature ... first intuitive approach consists in a tessellation of the curved geometry into multiple planar facets, as proposed in [10]. However, the surfaces’ curvature is not taken into account in this kind...
... disorders including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease in cervids, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. The only known component of the infectious ... PrPSc since the original PrPSc seeds were diluted beyond the minimum infectious level. Although infectious, the in vitro generated PrPSc product exhibited longer incubation periods in ani-mals ... autocatalytic induc-tion of PrPC conversion in a reaction originally devoid of PrPSc makes this system more relevant to the in vivo setting representing sporadic prion diseases. In addi-tion,...
... using human defined symbols, operators, and languages. One of such fascinating examples is the Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetic waves. Having a good understanding of waves and wavepropagation ... Chapter 1 Shear WavePropagationin Soft Tissue and Ultrasound Vibrometry 1 Yi Zheng, Xin Chen, Aiping Yao, Haoming Lin, Yuanyuan Shen, Ying Zhu, Minhua Lu, Tianfu Wang and Siping Chen Chapter ... of shear wave having E = 7.5 kpa and η = 6 pa.s in Voigt tissue Figure 5. Zener model adds an elastic spring E1 to the Maxwell model (η, E2) in parallel. Shear WavePropagationin Soft Tissue...
... solutions can be freely combined, since the summary will not lose any information in that case. CONSTRAINT PROPAGATION Like the Kimmo machinery, the constraint -propagation machinery is concerned with ... uncertain whether the constraint -propagation method enjoys an advanlage on serial machines. It is clear that the Kimmo machinery does combinatorial search while the constraint -propagation machinery ... structure. We have begun exploring such methods in a prelim- inary and approximate way by implementing a modular, non-searching constraint -propagation algorithm (see Win- ston (1984) and other...
... and nutrients in these environments. They have a special role in stabilizing shorelines, minimizing wave damage, and trapping sediments. However, in recent decades mangrove forests in Vietnam ... a slight indirect relation to the index of increasing and deceasing flow rate. Average elevation difference within a watershed is inversely significant with increasing and decreasing flow rate. ... important role in flood defense by dissipating incoming wave energy and reducing the erosion rates (Hong et al., 1993; Wu et al., 2000). However, physical processes of wave attenuation in mangroves...
... Coherent Input 514.1.3 Multi-Mode Incoherent Input 514.2 Coupled Power Equations—Two-Mode Case 524.2.1 Single-Mode Input 524.2.2 Two-Mode Coherent Input 554.2.3 Two-Mode Incoherent Input 584.3 ... This result hasthe following physical interpretation. As the coupling becomes largerover a shorter length of guide, in such a way that the integrated cou-pling remains constant, the length ... arisingfrom the geometric and material imperfections of the physical sys-tems. Our task in following chapters is to determine transmissionstatistics in terms of coupling coefficient and/or propagation...
... transmission line an input impedanceinsensitive to frequency variations up to 5:1. Itmaintains a power gain above 9 dB anywhere withina 2:1 frequency variation.At the design-centerfrequency, a gain ... manual tuning feature is usefulwhen a failure occurs in the automatic tuning circuitry.Tuning can also be done without the use of rf power(silent tuning). This method is useful in installationswhere ... ofthe space surrounding it. The area behind the flashlightremains unlit, while the area in front and to either sideis illuminated.MAJOR AND MINOR LOBESThe pattern shown in figure 2-7, view...
... the vector wave equation in cylindrical coordinates for a gyroelectric medium. (Ren, 1993) continued that work forspherical coordinates in a similar procedure and obtained spherical wave functions ... wavepropagation and scattering in soilby solvingMaxwell’sequa‐tionsusingafinitedifferencetimedomain(FDTD)model.Thechapterexplainshowthe lossy and dispersive soil medium (in both dry ... areverifiedexperimentally.Soilisacomplex,potentiallyheterogeneous,lossy,anddispersivematerial.Propaga‐tionandscatteringofelectromagneticwaves in soilis, hence,morechallengingthanair or other less complex media. Chapter 5 explains the fundamentals of modelingelectromagnetic wavepropagation and...
... si(knr+ k0x),(46)where integral cosine and integral sine functions are defined by the following formulae:Ci(z)=γ + ln(z)+z0cos(t) −1tdt,si(z)=z0sin(t)tdt−π2(47)and Euler ... (51)10Electromagnetic Waves Propagationin Complex Matter14 Electromagnetic Waves(a) Case r = 3 (b) View in meridian surface r = 3, ϕ = π/2(c) Case at r = 9 (d) View in meridian surface r ... surfaces, surrounding the radiating magnetic dipole, remains constant,which means that energy conservation is preserved with high numerical accuracy.16Electromagnetic Waves Propagationin Complex...
... circuitry-engineering modeling of high-frequency radio-engineering devices and investigation of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in media of intricate geometry in the presence of strong discontinuities ... by the surfaces and are inhomogeneous in space. At the same time, the study of the propagation of waves in layered conducting media and, according to (Born, 1970), in thin films is reduced to ... determines, in a recurrence manner, sequences of integrand poles and residues in these poles. The edge diffraction field in both media is determined using a pair of Fredholm- type singular integral...
... without introducing complex parameters. In closing, we note that a monochromatic wave is infinite in space and time, has infinitesimal energy absorption in a material medium, and transfers infinitesimal ... 3 Nonlinear Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Antiferromagnet Xuan-Zhang Wang and Hua Li School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University China 1. Introduction ... of investigating dynamic properties and magneto-optical properties. In this section, the main steps and Electromagnetic Waves Propagationin Complex Matter 48appear in the case of going...