early origins of obesity and developmental regulation of adiposity

... of poly(I:C) stimulation followed by an elevated mRNA and protein expression of TLR1 after 24 h of stimulation The increased expression of TLR1 and TLR2 and the simultaneous down -regulation of ... and protein expression and leads to the down -regulation of TLR1, TLR5 and TLR6 expression There is a strong synergism of IFN-γ and TNF-α that results in a highly elevated expression of TLR2 and ... secretion of IP-10, MIP-3α and GRO-α The TLR2 ligand zymosan induced an elevated secretion of GRO-α (Fig 2A) Other TLR2 ligands including Pam3CSK4 and PGN had no significant impact on the secretion of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... gestational doses of 127–151 mg/kg bw/day and higher and a lactational dose of 166−377 mg/kg bw/day and higher; the developmental NOAEL is in the range of 38–44 mg/kg bw/day (gestational) and 52−114 ... reduced on pnd and in all treated groups, and also on pnd and at weaning in the high-dose group An unusually high incidence of pup deaths in 4, 2, and litters of the low-, mid-, and highdose groups ... malforDams and pups evalumations.) ated on pnd for litter size and survival and body weight changes only (30) * Combined doses for F0 and F1 dams during gestation and lactation ** Only maternal and developmental...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... Portugal and Italy report overweight and obesity levels exceeding 30% among children aged 7-11 The rates of the increase in childhood overweight and obesity vary, with England and Poland showing ... prevention of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases” I STATE OF PLAY AT EUROPEAN LEVEL I.1 Unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity are the leading causes of avoidable illness and premature ... economic cost of obesity: A report prepared by the United Kingdom’s National Audit Office in 2001 estimated that obesity in England alone accounted for 18 million days of sickness absence and 30,000...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20

... inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity and related insulin resistance [15] Here, we focus on the roles of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF in obesity and related metabolic diseases, and discuss whether these ... Induction Fig Schematic diagram showing the roles of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF in obesity and related metabolic diseases The expression of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF is induced in obese conditions ... inflammation and systemic insulin resistance through the induction of vascular inflammation and monocyte migration ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF antagonizes obesity and insulin resistance through the enhancement of systemic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... dysfunction and ED [130,131], the concept of androgen deficiency reinforces the important role of androgens in vascular health and erectile function Summary and conclusions Visceral obesity, in ... populations: effect of regional adiposity and the comorbidities of obesity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92, 2240–2247 Kim K, Valentine RJ, Shin Y & Gong K (2008) Associations of visceral adiposity and exercise ... and hypogonadism-induced obesity remain the subject of intense investigation Several hypotheses have discussed the relationship of androgen deficiency and obesity That obesity is commonly associated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... change the profile of such marketing to children These initiatives – some of which grew out of a 2005 joint FTC and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Workshop on Marketing, Self -Regulation ... of childhood obesity •• Media and entertainment companies should test the effectiveness of any health and nutrition messages and public education campaigns aimed at the problem of childhood obesity ... brand lines meeting meaningful nutrition-based standards Improving the Nutritional Profile of Product Offerings: •• Companies should continue and increase efforts to improve the nutritional profiles...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... for 68% of the decrease in Jo, 68% of the decrease in Jp, 56% of the increase in the QH2 ⁄ Q ratio, 70% of the increase in Dw, 72% of the increase in the ATPin ⁄ ADPin ratio, and 59% of the decrease ... 5) and the co-response of the flux and intermediate concentration was measured The co-response coefficients quantifying the ratio of responses of intermediate Xm and flux Jk after perturbation of ... (e.g obesity) because of inadequate expression of the latter [7] LCACs modulate the activity of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) from both the outer and matrix sides of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... Translational regulation of iPLA2c in myocardium Owing to the obvious complexity of the regulation of iPLA2c resulting from the combined presence of transcriptional and translational regulation, ... at 50 °C and 10 at 95 °C, followed by a total of 40 twotemperature cycles (15 s at 95 °C and at 60 °C) For the generation of standard curves, serial dilutions of a cDNA sample were used and mRNA ... tissue which will further the understanding of the role of iPLA2s in energy storage and utilization disorders of lipid metabolism such as diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis Acknowledgements...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... Transcripts of this gene and PrPC are present in a large variety of adult peripheral tissues [18–20] In contrast, there is a paucity of data on the spatiotemporal expression of prion proteins and that of ... clarify the entry and routing of PrPSc in the early steps of infection Our observations of a prp2 hybridization signal in the posterior intestine of zebrafish larvae call for evaluation of the potential ... prions uptake of mammalian origin by the fish intestine Comparison of zebrafish prp1, prp2, and prp3 developmental expression patterns The developmental expression patterns of prp1 and prp2 coding...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... mRNA signal To obtain relative TRAF4 and L32 expression values the ratio between the signal intensities of bands of treated cells and the corresponding band of the untreated group were calculated ... volumes of molecular mass standards are indicated above Ó FEBS 2002 Localization and transcriptional regulation of TRAF4 (Eur J Biochem 269) 4823 the microscope stage To prevent the synthesis of ... induction, of TRAF4 mRNA by these stimuli However, in the T-cell lines Jurkat (Fig 9A) and D23II-7 (Fig 9B) both TNF and PMA/Ionomycin, induced a significant and reproducible up -regulation of TRAF4...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... chloroform, ethylcetate and water The resuls show that natural products of two extraction fractions of n-hexan and water were recovered 181 highly 15.1g (3.02% of dry peel powder), 11.35g (2.27% of ... repeated oral administration of mandarin peel extracts was prove clearly on decrease of body weight of obese mice - The body weight of all the obese mice treated mandarine peel extracts decreases ... results show that mandarine peel extract fractions were composed from12 to 16 bands of natural products (Fig.2) Using the technique of Orthofer et al (1999) for quantification of phenolic compounds,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 27 (2011) 125-133 Introduction Obesity can be considered as an abnormal state of lipid metabolism and increasing in developed and even developing ... traditional remedies for treatment of in and infectious diseases and digestive, but its anti -obesity effect is not studied yet [7] In this report the antiobesity effect of Docynia indica (W.) Decne ... concentrations of phenolic compounds, from 0.2722 mg (2.72% of dry concentrate) to 0.66mg (6.66% of dry concentrate) respectively Designing the model of experimentally obese mice The mice of weeks of age,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... Institutes of Health National Institute of Standards and Technology National Mammography Database OBBB OTA OWH Office of Bioengineering, Bioimaging, and Bioinformatics Office of Technology Assessment Office ... clearly define the significance of early lesions, the need for the development of biomarkers, and the importance of assessing the effectiveness of new technologies in decreasing morbidity and ... Development and Regulation of New Technologies 133 Evaluation and Cost Coverage of New Technologies 167 Dissemination: Increasing the Use and Availability of New Technologies 199 Findings and Recommendations...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... the incidence of a variety of other ovarian and uterine proliferative lesions and cysts were also reported Replication of these findings and further study of the linkage of early and late occurring ... bw/day) (51) and mammary glands (0.0025 – 1 mg/kg bw/day) (52, 53); altered prostate gland and urinary tract development (10 µg/kg bw/day) (54), and early onset of puberty (2.4 and 200 µg/kg ... exposure than the developmental effects observed at “high” doses on survival and growth and the “low” dose effects on brain and behavior, mammary gland, prostate gland, and onset of puberty in females...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... history of the law of bills and notes A study of the origins of Anglo-American commercial law JAMES STEVEN ROGERS THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE LAW OF BILLS AND NOTES A STUDY OF THE ORIGINS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN ... 'Action of Account', 482 Coke, First Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, 200b; Statute of Anne, c 16, §27 (1705) Coke, First Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, 172a Lopez and ... 265-334, and 'The Problem of Accommodation Bills: Banking Theory and The Law of Bills and Notes in the Early Nineteenth Century', in The Growth of the Bank as Institution and the Development of Money-Business...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... the development of mass spectator sport and the rise of football This new edition is expanded to cover parallel events in Australia and New Zealand, and to address the key question of rugby league’s ... folk memory and ephemeral press reports, Joyce’s work provides a tool that can take our understanding of sport beyond mere recounting of data and towards an understanding of the role of sport in ... benchmark text in the history of rugby, and an absorbing case study of wider issues – issues of class, gender, regional and national identity, and the commercialisation of sport For anyone interested...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 20:20

... downregulation of the miR-29 family members (miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c) in the border zone of murine and human hearts during myocardial infarction [25] This study also showed down -regulation of ... collagen production and the development of diabetic nephropathy through the down -regulation of PTEN and the subsequent activation of Akt (Fig 1) [43] Increased expression of miR-377 is also thought ... myofibroblasts and, often, persistent activation of the myofibroblast phenotype with a resistance to apoptosis ensures the development of fibrosis A number of profibrotic mediators have been identified, and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:03

... DNA damage is usually handled through induction of cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as p21, and subsequent repair of the lesions To achieve ... p53, p73 and HIPK2 in apoptosis N Bitomsky & T G Hofmann Fig Regulation of DNA damage-induced cell death by p53 and HIPK2 Genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage facilitates activation of the DNA ... chemotherapeutics adriamycin, etoposide and cisplatin), the levels of Itch become reduced and allow the accumulation of p73 [53] p73 displays functions in apoptosis induction, and many of its pro-apoptotic target...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... demands of proof before agreeing to leave a pair of Annie Oakleys at the pass gate Despite the knots of Old Country roots, a journey through the live leads and dead ends of town and church and ... the hand of O’Sullivan.” Unfortunately for their descendants, the McGillicuddys forfeited most of their castles and vast landholdings as a result of being on the losing side in the playoffs against ... sense of loss and homesickness and the fear of the unknown that lay ahead They had, at least, expectations, and that was a step up on   Growing up in East Brookfield the ladder of hope For many of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20