... of difference Hypothesis of cause Introduction At the turn ofthe twentieth century, the best known of all dream investigators would be Sigmund Freud, who set out to base his theory ofthe ... developed and strengthened over the past SO years. In the process, the book offers the reader a unique opportunity to reconsider his or her own dream theory and, into the bargain, to learn about the ... activated during sleep, it is difficult to have recall unless an awakening occurs to restore the availability of these chemicals tothe brain. account for the bizarreness and the loss of logical...
... Earth, the velocity ofthe Earth round the Sun and the Solar System around the centre of the Galaxy, in addition to any velocity ofthe star. The rotational velocity of the Galaxy makes the largest ... systematically tothe red or tothe blue by an amount that depends on the velocity ofthe observed star relative tothe Earth. The overall relative velocity is the sum ofthe rotational velocity ofthe ... programme of cosmology is the same as that of any other branch of physics: to explore the known laws of physics to their limits.2.8 The evolving Universe The most surprising aspect ofthe night...
... onperformance. We must be cognizant of such effects to be sure the results of analysis are useful. On the other hand, in some cases, analysis ofan algo-rithm can help identify ways for it to take ... accurate to within O N−3or indeed to within O N−kforany constant k. Such approximations, called asymptotic expansions, are at the heart ofthe analysis of algorithms, and are the subject of Chapter ... implementation. Indeed, when the results of analytic andempirical studies agree, we become strongly convinced ofthe validity of the algorithm as well as ofthe correctness ofthe process of analysis.Some...
... con-sists of guesses, of hypotheses, rather than of finaland certain truths; and that criticism and criticaldiscussion are our only means of getting nearer to the truth. It thus leads tothe tradition ... tends to separate them. When the mixture of elements and forces is just right, parts of animals andhumans form and combine into almost all possiblearrangements. Only a limited number ofthe randomarrangements ... that the gods are born, and haveclothes and speech and shape like their own. . . .But if cows and horses or lions had hands [and]could draw with their hands and make the thingsmen can make, then...
... concep-tion ofthe whole of reality, we cannot hope to render compat-ible the theories and observations ofthe various differentsciences: and providing that conception is not the task of anyone of ... partisan, in the sense of espousing an exclusive approach to questions about the mind in general – Anintroductiontothe philosophy of mind34is debatable whether, whenever one event causes another,there ... of which it is composed. The statue, it seems, cannotbe identical with the lump of bronze, because the statue maywell have come into existence later than the lump did and Anintroduction to...
... whole of reality, we cannot hope to render compat-ible the theories and observations ofthe various differentsciences: and providing that conception is not the task of anyone of those sciences, ... just such a conception is one ofthe principaltasks of metaphysics.3 The point of these remarks is to emphasise there cannotbe progress either in the philosophy of mind or in empiricalpsychology ... broadsense to embrace any kind of sensation, perception orthought. This agreed, we can say that the philosophy of mindis the philosophical study of subjects of experience – whatthey are, how they can...
... whether Anintroductiontothe philosophy of mind82content of John’s belief that snow is white. It would be wrongfor us – and wrong for John – to say that the inhabitants of the distant planet ... causes the monkey to make the call: and yet we want to say thatwhat the call represents is only one of these causes – the presence ofan eagle. A teleological theory of representationcan explain ... somestrange coincidence, the inhabitants of this planet speak alanguage which sounds just like English and that they use the word ‘snow’ for the stuff descending from their skies. An inhabitant of...
... friends of functionalismmay want to respond to this argument, other than byresorting toan outright denial ofthe existence of ‘qualia’altogether.8Some may contend that the hypothesis of spec-trum ... strings of meaningless marks or sounds. If that is so, then to abandon the category of belief is implicitly to abandon also the verynotions of truth and falsehood and therewith, it seems, the very ... want to deny the very existence of many of the types of mental state talked about by functionalists, suchas beliefs, desires and intentions. Rather, their hope is thatwith the advance of science...
... relative to one another – things such as the colourand shape ofthe tree and ofthe house, the interveningground between them, the sky behind them, and otherobjects in their vicinity (together ... neither of them assigns any significant role in perception tothe qualit-ative or phenomenal characteristics of perceptual experience.Indeed, neither of them really has any use for the notion of perceptual ... properly belongs to a philosophical analysis of the concept of perception and what properly belongs toan empir-ical theory of perception ofthe sort that is more appropri-ately advanced and evaluated...
... THE GERMAN INVASIONS AND THE BREAK-UP OFTHE ROMAN EMPIRE The Huns force the Goths into the Empire. Battle of Adrianople, 378. 9. Previous tothe year 375 the attempts ofthe Germans to penetrate ... Europe than any ofthe other German races. Besides the kingdoms ofthe East Goths and the Franks, the West Goths had their kingdom in Spain, the Burgundians had established themselves on the Rhone, ... volume of the chief changes in western Europe since the German barbarians overcame the armies of the Roman Empire and set up states of their own, out of which the present countries of France,...
... their hope of enjoying some ofthe advantages of their civilized neighbors, or the need of new lands for their increasing numbers. And the Romans, by means of their armies, their walls, andtheir ... than any ofthe other Germanraces. Besides the kingdoms ofthe East Goths and the Franks, the West Goths had their kingdom in Spain, the Burgundians had established themselves on the Rhone, and ... volume ofthe chief changes in western Europe since the German barbarians overcame the armies ofthe Roman Empire and set up states of their own, out of which the present countries of France, Germany,...
... into an alliance, momentous for the history of Europe. In order to understand this we must glance at the motives which led the popes to throw off their allegiance to theirancient sovereigns, the ... interest ofthe treaty of Verdun lies in the tolerably definite appearance of a western and an eastern Frankish kingdom, one of which was to become France and the other Germany. In the kingdom of Charles ... Germans to penetrate into the Empire appear to have been due to their love of adventure, their hope of enjoying some ofthe advantages of their civilized neighbors, or the need of new lands for their...
... composition a number called the weight,whichis the product ofthe summands. We shall determine the sum w(n)oftheweights ofthe compositions of n. The generating function of w(n)is∞n=1w(n)xn=∞m=1(x ... 2 exactly to the second power. If we assume the second of these possibilities then (11) can beput in the formm +12p+1≡ 0 (mod p). (12)We multiply together all the congruences ofthe type ... out to beonly the primes 7 and 23. For primes p ≡ 1 (mod 4), −1 is a nonresidue andthis can be used together with above method to get stronger results. One canalso use the existence of many...
... reference: the intended use ofthe algo-rithm, the importance ofthe algorithm in relationship to others from bothpractical and theoretical standpoints, the difficulty of analysis, and the accu-racy and ... constant factor, as they are all integer mul-tiples ofthe cost of a basic instruction cycle. Furthermore, the total runningtime ofthe program will be within a constant factor ofthe number of ... ofthe program in order to express the frequency of execution ofthe component instructions in terms of unknownmathematical quantities. If the values of these quantities are known, then wecan...