... Government Size and Business Cycle Volatility; How Important Are Credit Constraints? Markus Leibrecht∗ Johann Scharler† Abstract In this paper we analyze how the availability of credit influences the ... the institutional and legal environment, they are plausibly exogenous for our purposes Since the estimation results, which are available upon request, are rather similar to those obtained with the ... output growth volatility are quantitatively substantial Suppose the share of government expenditures in GDP increases by 10 percent Such an increase 10 would raise the average share of government spending...
Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20
... business is getting more complex, how prepared is your organisation to manage the coming complexity? (% respondents) Well prepared 22 Marginally well prepared 59 Unprepared 15 Don’t know Not applicable, ... and 39% say there is considerable duplication of effort © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2011 The Complexity Challenge How businesses are bearing up Introduction F or many businesses, ... organisational complexity has been spiralling upwards for some time Although globalisation has opened up new markets and extended supply chains, it has also helped ratchet up complexity Among the external...
Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 23:16
How Important Are Financing Constraints? The role of finance in the business environment
... firms Several other papers focus on Corruption and compare it to Taxes One of the earliest papers in this area by Shleifer and Vishny (1993) argues that corruption may be more damaging than taxation ... firm variables are averaged over all firms in each country In Panel B, the countries are classified into High Income, Upper Middle Income, Lower Middle Income and Low Income group countries according ... and firm variables are averaged over all firms in the particular group of countries In Panel C, the countries are classified into five geographic regions and firm variables are averaged over all...
Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2016, 07:44
2010 census bureau needs to specify how it will assess coverage follow up pptx
Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 15:22
báo cáo hóa học: " Co-morbidity and visual acuity are risk factors for health-related quality of life decline: five-month follow-up EQ-5D data of visually impaired older patients" ppt
... at baseline were lost to follow- up, whether conditions reported at baseline were still reported at follow- up and, finally, which conditions were newly reported at follow- up This information was ... hearing impairment at five-month follow- up Table 1: Characteristics of the respondents at baseline, compared with those of non-respondents at five-month follow- up Patient characteristics Respondents ... at five months follow- up 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 EQ-5D index scores at baseline Figurefollow -up month index scores at baseline compared with those...
Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20
báo cáo hóa học: " Low ficolin-3 levels in early follow-up serum samples are associated with the severity and unfavorable outcome of acute ischemic stroke" pptx
... stroke are related to the acute ischemic event Ficolin-3 levels in the follow- up samples inversely correlated with the severity of stroke indicated by NIH scale on admission In follow- up samples ... measured in the sera of patient controls By contrast in the follow up samples, CRP levels were significantly higher as compared to both control groups When patients who developed infections were not ... ficolin-3 levels was small 8 Follow- up ficolin-3 levels correlated with the indirect measures of stroke severity and infarct size Ficolin-3 concentrations measured in the follow- up samples but not in...
Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Barriers to adequate follow-up during adjuvant therapy may be important factors in the worse outcome for Black women after breast cancer treatment" doc
... no insurance (charity care) than others (35% vs 57 %, respectively, p < 001) If Medicaid and charity care are categorized together and compared to patients insured by Medicare or private insurance, ... Black and non-Black patient subsets Follow- up and outcomes Survival and outcome analysis was limited to patients with invasive disease (N = 215) Mean follow- up time was 2.7 years The fraction ... Secondly, we realize that our follow up time is relatively short for a study of breast cancer outcomes Despite these caveats, however, some interesting results are evident Within the context...
Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:21
Describe wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and how they are used
... Objectives • Describe wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and how they are used • Describe the applications that can be used on a digital cellular telephone • Explain how cellular telephony functions ... devices • Messages are limited to about 160 characters – Applications • • • • • Person-to-person Agent-to-person Information broadcast services Software configuration Advertising How Cellular Telephony ... beyond the cell area – Same frequency can be used in other cells at the same time – Except in adjacent cells • Cell phones have special codes How Cellular Telephony Works (continued) How Cellular...
Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:52
Báo cáo y học: "Sustained High Quality of Life in a 5-Year Long Term Follow-up after Successful Ablation for Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia. Results from a large Retrospective Patient Cohort"
... 9, 10, 20, 24) However, there are indications that, despite of successful primary ablation, new arrhythmias can arise in the long term (1, 2, 7) Data on QoL in short term follow- up after RF ablation ... physical and social activities are markedly reduced after catheter ablation These improvements persist during long term follow up Efforts should be made to increase awareness of symptoms and treatment ... primary and long-term electrophysiological success rates are in line with the literature (1-6, 9, 10) Quality of life in long term follow- up: Prior to interventional therapy, patients mainly suffered...
Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:44
How Marketers Are Using Social Media to Grow Their Businesses
... What are the best ways to sell with social media? Many marketers want to know how to convert fans and followers into paying customers Here are a few sample questions in this category: • • • • How ... building awareness and loyalty? How I write messages that will generate more sales? Are there any established norms for how many social media–generated leads it takes to yield a sale? #4: How I improve ... Many marketers aren't sure how to connect with customers and prospects via social media Here are a few related questions: • • • • How I build a raving fan base through social media? How we get our...
Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2013, 08:51
The Follow-Up Letter
... with whom you’ll meet are trained recruiters or skilled interviewers They are simply managers with a position to fill A strong follow- up letter can help them accomplish the following: I I I Narrow ... perspective? You’ll find that the most important benefits you can deliver will involve one or more of these areas In the body of your Follow- Up Letter, you might also supply additional references or ... when, and how you’ll follow up: by phone, by mail, by e-mail, by express mail, by messenger If you know that the hiring process has just begun, inform the reader that you’ll call to follow up in...
Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 18:20
Tài liệu Follow-Up of the patient who has received pacemaker pptx
... atrial refractory period Long-Term Follow- Up Usually, patients who are not pacemaker dependent can be scheduled for annual follow- up P.165 visits More frequent visits may be necessary depending ... high-sensing or capture thresholds are observed at the initial follow- up visit or if historical and physical findings suggest a problem with the pacemaker pocket wound Medicare often provides guidelines ... Threshold Many drugs can affect the pacing threshold, but most reactions are not clinically important There are reports, however, that flecainide and encainide raise the threshold significantly...
Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 01:20
Tài liệu How semiconductors are made doc
... after which its ends and individual wafer discs are sliced off The wafers are generally available in diameters of 150 mm, 200 mm, or 300 mm, and are mirror-polished and rinsed before shipment ... Selection The packaged IC chips are tested and selected The IC chips are tested by direct current (DC) characteristics and function characteristics The IC chip packages are individually set on a tester, ... "prober", that are connected to the bonding pads (terminals) of the IC chips Back-End Processing (Assembly and Testing) Dicing Mounting Bonding Encapsulation and Decoupling Characteristic...
Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 10:20
Tài liệu SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING INDUSTRY RE PORT - How Marketers Are Using Social Media to Grow Their Businesses doc
... question Here are a few samples from this category: • • • How I keep up without getting consumed? How can I aggregate and automate social media marketing so that it's less timeconsuming? How people ... question many marketers want answered What follows are a few questions from this category: • • • • • How I convert lookers to prospects? How we create cash flow? How I move from Twitter, LinkedIn and ... Twitter Clearly a lot of people want to learn how to use the many social media tools available What follows are tools marketers are interested in based on how they've been doing social media marketing...
Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 02:20
How Bad are Selfish Investments in Network Security? pdf
... players are equally important to each other, i.e., βki = 1, ∀k, i, then ρ ≤ n (i.e., POA is the number of players) This also explains why the POA is in the example considered in Fig The following ... interests Implementing the strategies supporting an SPE in a repeated game, however, needs more communications and cooperation among the players We have compared the benefits of improving security ... not easy to find an explicit form of the upper bound on γ in Proposition 11 for the BT model However, for the EI model, we have the simple expression shown in Proposition 7: k i Considering the...
Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20
When Bonds Fall: How Risky Are Bonds if Interest Rates Rise? pptx
... When Bonds Fall: How Risky Are Bonds if Interest Rates Rise? The Inverse Relationship between Interest Rates and Bond Prices Bond coupon rates are typically set at, or close to, ... questions for most are how much might I lose? and for how long? Lessons from the Past 90+ Years Frequency and Magnitude of Bondholder Losses As indicated by the shaded blue areas in Figure 1, ... knew that already.2 How would Aaa bonds compare on a similar measure historically? This answer appears in Figure below The following chart plots the largest such events, and shows that drawdowns...
Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21
MARKETING DURING A DOWNTURN: INSIGHTS INTO HOW MARKETERS ARE HANDLING THE SLUMP pot
... than ,000 employees 4.52% are executive management 23.47% are middle management 6.6% are executive directors 3% are execution staff 6% are other 8% of respondents are from the US and Canada, ... expensive; therefore, they are a natural irst category to cut Only 7% of respondents are increasing investment in this area: 33% are not changing investment while 59% are decreasing it Print advertising ... smaller companies are still growing and need to grow marketing to gain market share Many mid-sized companies are in growth mode as well Executives at Indicative Software, for example, are increasing...
Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20
When Terrorism Hits Home - How Prepared Are State and Local Law Enforcement pot
... Enforcement’s Support Needs and How They Are Resourcing Preparedness Activities 65 Introduction 65 Analytic Approach 65 Law Enforcement’s Support Needs 66 How Law ... assess how prepared state and local law enforcement agencies were for domestic terrorism In 2002, RAND conducted a follow- up study to assess state and local law enforcement agencies’ current preparedness ... up vulnerabilities; (3) law enforcement’s support needs; (4) how law enforcement is resourcing preparedness activities; and (5) the relationship between perception of risk, funding, and preparedness...
Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:20
Marketing Violent Entertainment to Children: A Fifth Follow-up Review of Industry Practices in the Motion Picture, Music Recording & Electronic Game Industries pdf
... System: Parental Awareness, Familiarity & Use201 2000 FTC Survey (Parents) 2006 FTC Survey (Parents) 2006 ESRB Surveys (Parents) Aware of ESRB system 61% 87% 83% Familiar with ESRB system and aware ... in ten parents (87%) and 75% of children said they are aware that the game rating system exists (compared to 61% of parents and 73% of children reported in 2000) More than eight in ten parents ... awareness and use of the ESRB ratings has been conducted since the 2000 Report The most recent ESRB telephone survey186 reported that 83% of parents are aware of the ESRB ratings, and 74% of parents...
Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20