disturbance ecology and the responses of communities to contaminants

... If one of the key goals of basic ecology is to identify these functionally important species, we believe that one of the challenges in ecotoxicology is to predict the consequences of their local ... into those resulting from random loss of species, nonrandom loss of species, and changes in functioning of remaining species Much of the debate about the relationship between biodiversity and ... pollination, and regulation of climate and atmospheric gasses, contribute directly to human welfare The ecosystem service most familiar to ecotoxicologists is the biotic and abiotic attenuation of contaminants, ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:58

... F (the so-called structure function [5]) and vector (X1 , Xn , W1 , Wp ) where n is the number of components of the models (and leaves of the DFT) and p is the number of PAND gates in the ... computed at the end of the simulation of the time intervals and they are compared to the initial state we have previously used These points must be equal for the path to be consistent If they are ... iteration to fix the inconsistency of the paths built in parallel [7] and our extension to speed up the simulation of monotone systems [3, 4] Let K be the number of logical processes (LP) The time...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:09

... investigation, one of the indicators of the repression syndrome is highly likely to capture part of the influence of the other indicators Let us turn to a “liberalization cycle.” From the 1950s onward, ... unlike the IMF’s, is linked to the date of the liberalization Eichengreen forthcoming reviews the data and methodological differences among most of these and other studies (For discussions of the ... and liberalization, on the one hand, and growth and growth volatility, on the other, were tradeoffs in democracies We explore briefly both lines of inquiry as a guide to further research 13 The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 08:50

... definitive and comprehensive guidance on the assessment of single-obligor default risk and for the bottom-up analysis of risk and return of credit portfolios To get a better understanding of these ... find number of firms at the beginning of the period, and then use it to divide number of defaults during the period among these firms Taking the change in short rate as an example of an interest ... understanding the dynamics within the context of risk management While we ultimately want to understand the relationship between credit risk, including the risk of default, migration and recovery, and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 11:21

... detector temperature To obtain the retention indexes of the different compounds, 0.5 mL of alkane standards (C11–C25) was injected into the GC with the same program conditions, and volatile compounds ... Flavor terms of the Cheddar cheese lexicon consist of 17 terms, some of which were modified such as the case of the terms “diacetyl” and “milkfat,” which were replaced by “buttery” and “creamy,” ... GA) and expectoration cups to cleanse their palate between samples Testing was conducted at the same time every day References were prepared according to the spectrum intensity scale values of the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... • Competitor of Microsoft’s software company: Mozilla – Producer of Mozilla FireFox, the software Web browsers It is time to look at one another competitor of Microsoft to evaluate and have a ... expressed and the final is group-decision On the other hand, Ballmer has reduced a level of management to manage more easily and efficiently Microsoft structure is less flat therefore, the span of control ... created to allow an organization to produce and dispose of its goods and services to customers.”3 Besides, authority/power is also a factor influencing on “shape of organization” The span of control...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... the strategic plans and policies established by the board of directors As the leader of the firm, the CEO has an astounding impact on the performance of the firm and many believe this to be the ... managers and the governance of corporations in the United States and legislators and regulators have been quick to respond to the latest corporate scandals Despite the debate among the academic and ... the firms’ CEO Debt -to- Asset Ratio The ratio of total debt to total assets This is an indicator of the leverage of the firm and the potential risks the company faces relative to its debt load Managerial...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... investment grade” Analysts and commentators often use ratings as descriptors of the creditworthiness of bond issuers rather than descriptors of the quality of the bonds themselves This is reasonable ... corresponded to trades (that is, the bid quote equaled the offer quote) For each of the reference entities we determined the CUSIPs of all the outstanding bond issues The total number of issues ... than the (100–p)th percentile of the distribution of all adjusted spread levels We then counted the total score for all the observations in each category The test of the significance of the results...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... AND THE ENVIRONMENT Other factors affecting ICT and the environment  Domestic policy and regulatory environment, global factors and relationships, and influence of other factors such as level of ... correlation between the level of education and income, and use of ICT Annex shows available statistical indicators on ICT and the environment While they address some of the above elements of the conceptual ... vulcanology, palaeoecology, other allied sciences 52 This SEO covers research into the control of pollution, aimed at the identification and analysis of the sources of pollution and their causes, and all...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... study of Techcombank The objective of the research is to access the understanding of Techcombank’s managers and accountants about the influence of corporate culture on the initiations of managerial ... increasing trust of its staff, customers and the society Because of this reason, the research focuses on understanding the value of the corporate culture, in particular, understanding the relationship ... also the primary data The finding of this survey is the primary source of data providing the significant answers for the queries and concerns about the understanding of corporate 33 culture and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... price to both the company and customers And by supplying products and services required by customers, company also commits to the efficient development of company, and carries out the promise of ... understanding of Vietnamese individual people and company on CSR concept, the CSR implementation of companies in Ha Noi and its impacts to the development of the companies And in order to collect ... tick in the answer 24 seems to be right rather than show his/her own idea On the other hand, in the time respondent is asked to answer the questionnaire, they may be busy and not have time to answer...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... experimentation to test those hypotheses will need to be performed to determine the binding characteristics of the nucleic acid substrates, both alone and in the presence of one another Although the structural ... believed to result from slow release of the cleavage products from the protein The amplitudes of the initial burst (2.78 and 2.83 nM) gave a ratio of DNA/protein of 0.94 : As will be discussed further, ... KCl concentration slows the cleavage of the DNA substrate in the absence of RNA (see also Fig 2D) and that the addition of competitor RNA to an endonuclease reaction masked the 1.025 kb DNA cleavage...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... to move an individual from the top of the bottom third of the sample, to the bottom of the top third of the sample We define this magnitude to be a ‘large’ change in the residential-sprawl index ... materials and garden supplies stores, general merchandise stores, food stores, apparel and accessory stores, furniture and home furnishings stores, drug stores and proprietary stores, liquor stores, ... set of controls The third column (ols3) of tables and reports these results Before considering the impact on the coefficients of the two landscape variables we briefly comment on the effect of each...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 11:20

... are the basis of the process of defining the cost of money lent by banks to their customers, therefore they have effects on the behaviour of borrowers and consequently on the real economy On the ... high amounts On October 2008, the ECB, the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, the Bank of Canada, the Bank of Sweden and the Swiss National Bank, with the support of the Bank of Japan, have carried ... the x-axis The analysis of the graphs allows to reconstruct the time-path of regimes and offers additional support to the usefulness of the approach adopted in this application14 Looking at the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... only on the country of origin of the content and not take into account the language of the content or the author’s country of origin Examples of these measures include the number of Internet top-level ... assembled and mixed together to create music Users can select a range of instruments and create music and then record vocals over the top One of the benefits of sites such as Jam Studio are that they ... years The importance of the technology is underlined as these groups continue to use them and have been slow to shift to the idea of fully digital offices 63 Printing and photocopying are largely...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... Comparison of the Cel7A unfolding with and without the substrate either at pH 8.0 (Fig 3A and B), or pH (Fig 3C and D) shows interestingly that the unfolding of the protein and the release of the substrate ... from the changed atoms of the mutated side chains In order to evaluate further the design of the mutations, it was of interest how the stability behaviour of the protein was changed by the mutations, ... mainly on monitoring tryptophan fluorescence There are altogether nine tryptophan residues in T reesei Cel7A and all of them are situated in the catalytic domain; five of them are buried and four are...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20