... Shanahan F. Insulin-dependent diabetes melli-
tus and coeliac disease. Lancet 1997; 349: 1096-7.
19. Pocecco M, Ventura A. Coeliac diseaseand insulin-depen-
dent diabetes mellitus: a causal association? ... of
celiac disease in a sample of Turkish children and adoles-
cents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Gastroenterol
2006; 40: 655-7.
4. Tanure MG, Silva IN, Bahia M, et al. Prevalence of celiac
disease ... coeliac
disease and risk of autoimmune disorders in subjects with
Type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 151-5.
9. Saukkonen T, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, et al. Prevalence of
coeliac disease...
... emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents.
Simple logic suggests that climate can affect infectious disease patterns be-
cause disease agents (viruses, bacteria, and other parasites) and ... of data to understand geographic patterns of disease
(Jordanova, 1979; Riley, 1987).
THE EARLY MERGER OF METEOROLOGY AND MEDICINE
The quests to understand weather, climate, anddisease all posed ... meteo-
12
2
Climate and Infectious Diseases:
The Past as Prologue
The following review addresses the origins of environmental medicine and
its legacy for our current understanding of climate and infectious disease...
... physical
and mental well-being and general quality
of life. It promotes healthy growth and
development, prevents diseaseand unhealthy
weight gain, and also improves social
connectedness and societal ...
and type 2 diabetes in Mexico [Villalpando,
et al., 2010].
4.4.3 Mexico City and non-heart-
healthy behaviours
4.4.3.1 Diet, nutrition and
physical activity
Within Mexico City both under- and ... Paulo andcardiovascular
disease
Over time, Brazil has witnessed a decline in
the mortality rate from both heart disease
and stroke; from 68.2 to 40.9 per 100,000
habitants for stroke, and...
... and it has
been named as metabolic syndrome [4]. There are mainly three types of diabetes which
include Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes including a related condition called pre -diabetes
and ... filtered by the glomerulus.
Pathophysiology and Complications of DiabetesMellitus
36
7. Diagnosis of diabetes, its complications and management
Diabetes screening is recommended for:
Overweight ... mainly long standing. These include:
Chronic complications
Blindness(Mainly cataract and retinopathy)
Renal Disease
Hypertension
Cardiac Diseaseand Stroke
Amputations
Nervous System Disease...
...
30
Introduction
Diabetes mellitusandcardiovascular diseases
are challenging medical and social problems. Patients
with diabetesmellitus are at a higher risk of devel-
oping vascular dysfunction and ... metabolic abnormalities and
diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and
the metabolic syndrome (30). In these conditions there
is an elevation
of both glucose and free fatty acid ... oxygen and nitrogen
species, lowered antioxidant defense and alterations
of enzymatic pathways in humans with poorly con-
trolled diabetesmellitus can contribute to endothelial,
vascular and...
... health and disease.
Through careful synthesis of disease conditions revealed in
thousands of piecemeal studies and data systems, it construct-
ed a comprehensive portrait of diseases, injuries, and ... accounts mapping health expenditures by
age, sex, anddiseaseand injury causes (1998) and carried out
an influential national burden of diseaseand risk factors study
(1999). At the World Health ... Methods and Data 51
Global and Regional Mortality in 2001 68
Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data 73
Burden of Disability and Poor Health in 2001 85
Global Burden of Disease...
... Gaucher disease. Blood
Cells, Molecules and Diseases, 24, 296–302.
Cox, T.M. (2001) Gaucher disease: Understanding the molecular
pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses. Journal of Inherited Metabolic
Disease, ... feeling in the medical and research community that
there is little need to understand the basic mechanisms of
disease development and progression. However, a renewed
interest in GD, and in the biology ... IL-6 and Il-10
may contribute to osteopenia, IL-1b, TNFa and IL-6 may
contribute to activation of coagulation and hypermetabolism,
IL-6 and IL-10 to gammopathies (Brautbar et al, 2004) and
MM...
... based on recommendations
from German and international expert societies (e1, 8, e4, e5, 13) and on longstanding
experience in the treatment, sports advice, and care provided in sports activities ... of perception and
movement determine not only its physical and motor development but also crucially influence
its emotional, psychosocial, and cognitive development (16, e7). Heart disease often ... peers means improved quality of life and has a strong social
and socializing aspect for children and adolescents. Being forbidden to participate in sports
and/ or limitations to the extent to which...
... and S b
0
thalassaemia were consis-
tently smaller and less sexually mature than
those with SC diseaseand S b
z
thalassae-
mia. Sexual maturation followed the pattern
of height and weight, and ... are linked to
increased risk of cardiovasculardisease and
stroke.
114
Plasma homocysteine is reported
to be elevated in adults
115
and chil-
dren
116,117
with SCD and significantly so
when complicated ... mortality in all children, and
contributes to poor clinical outcome and
severity of disease in children with SCD.
Despite major advances in understanding
the molecular and genetic basis for SCD,
there...
... levels.
TEC kinases anddisease A. Hussain et al.
2002 FEBS Journal 278 (2011) 2001–2010 ª 2011 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2011 FEBS
MINIREVIEW
TEC family kinases in health anddisease – loss-of-function
of ... loss-of-function
of BTK and ITK and the gain-of-function fusions ITK–SYK
and BTK–SYK
Alamdar Hussain
1,2,
*, Liang Yu
1,3,
*, Rani Faryal
1,2
, Dara K. Mohammad
1
, Abdalla J. Mohamed
1,4
and C. I. Edvard ... ITK–SYK fusion oncogene induces
a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease in mice mimicking
human disease. Cancer Res 70, 6193–6204.
TEC kinases anddisease A. Hussain et al.
2010 FEBS Journal 278 (2011)...
... mammalian lens and guard against ischemic and reper-
fusion injury due to heart attack and stroke. On the other hand, mutated
sHSPs are implicated in diseases such as desmin-related myopathy and they
have ... antiapoptotic potential and
decrease cell protection by Hsp25. In another example,
Hsp27 and aB-crystallin appear in Parkinson’s disease
Y. Sun and T. H. MacRae Small heat shock proteins and disease
FEBS ... aB-crystallin and HspB2, develop as expected
under nonstress conditions and show normal contrac-
tility [85]. However, when exposed to ischemia and
Small heat shock proteins anddisease Y. Sun and T....