dfe—design for the environment

... Assessment Criteria for Hazard Evaluation Version 2.0 August 2011 Introduction The Design for the Environment (DfE) Program at the U.S Environmental Protection Agency developed the Alternatives ... 7.9.1 Sources for Data Interpretation – – U.S EPA Design for the Environment Program Master Criteria for Safer Ingredients [35] U.S EPA ECOSAR [124] - 38 - U.S EPA Design for the Environment Program ... Design for the Environment Program Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazard Evaluation Version 2.0 August 2011 7.10.1 Sources for Data Interpretation – – – – – U.S EPA Design for the Environment...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 23:20

... Assessment Criteria for Hazard Evaluation Version 2.0 August 2011 Introduction The Design for the Environment (DfE) Program at the U.S Environmental Protection Agency developed the Alternatives ... 7.9.1 Sources for Data Interpretation – – U.S EPA Design for the Environment Program Master Criteria for Safer Ingredients [35] U.S EPA ECOSAR [124] - 38 - U.S EPA Design for the Environment Program ... Design for the Environment Program Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazard Evaluation Version 2.0 August 2011 7.10.1 Sources for Data Interpretation – – – – – U.S EPA Design for the Environment...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... one-use-only so therefore they can be replaced with the paper bags for the same purpose, or even with bags that are designed for more than one use therefore eliminating unnecessary waste in the environment ... impacts the environment directly and positively – the better the recyclability, the greater the environmental benefit The indirect impact of the factor arises from the consequences of the factor ... Design for the environment is a broad concept that requires a planned approach It varies for different products The main concern is on the product’s impact on the environment and human beings There...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... Design for the Environment This new hypothesis of developmental orientation, which was first formulated in the early 1980s (Brown, 1981) and then used in the WCED Brundtland Report (from the name ... highlight the determining factors for the efficiency of each phase of transformation of the resources: • The efficiency of the extraction of materials depends on the technology used in the process, ... and the environment evidence the fundamental principles that can serve as the basis for the development of more effective methodologies for their complete integration (Allenby, 1994): • The methodologies...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... quantifies the total emissivity that can be associated with the process and, therefore, with the final product • The sum of the energy contents of the materials and of the energy introduced quantifies the ... consists of all the chemical and thermal emissions correlated to the production of the resources used by the process, corresponding therefore to the emission content of the resources • The emission ... into account the use of resources for the production of the means of transport themselves and of the structures required for storing the product 2.5.1.4 Use The product is used for a certain...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... cycle The difficulty of assessment lies in identifying the correlation existing between the operations performed during the life cycle and the effects of these operations on the environment The environmental ... Product Design for the Environment the different impact typologies with the aim of obtaining data for comparison or aggregation These data are used as the basis for deciding on the actions to ... performing the process in question The degree of detail is determined in each case on the basis of the aims of the LCA, and the complexity and difficulty of the measurements that can be made on the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... al., 1999) The costs befalling society are represented by the externalities of the economic system They are due to the impacts of activities on the environment and on human health, and they can ... impact of the production system on the environment and society, for which the producer actor cannot be considered financially responsible Both these categories include environmental costs To the external ... of the duration of the time span, beyond which these flows are ignored The traditional separation between environmental and economic analyses of the life cycle is the direct consequence of these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... allowing them to manage and elaborate, in the most efficient manner, the information set necessary for the design intervention Depending on the information that these techniques require for their ... Design for the Environment these constructional units, and the system of interactions linking them together It is precisely the system of interactions that assumes a determinant role The factor ... generation for the development of the detailed design For a complete review of the various formal methods prescribed in relation to the different phases of the design process, together with evaluations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... condition the choice of the processes and how these are performed Focusing on the material flows, and therefore on the physical dimension of the product-entity, the environmental performance of the ... Product Design for the Environment In general, strategies oriented toward the environmental efficiency of the life cycle can be defined on the basis of the product’s primary impact(s) on the environment, ... Design for the Environment Premises for the Integration of Environmental Requirements The life cycle approach can provide a qualitative leap in the statement of product development, “making the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... as the “physical life.” This is the period of time for which the product is expected to physically last, maintaining its functional performance This is, therefore, the factor directly linking the ... geometries) with the predicted lifespan of the product In the design phase, the possibility of providing for the extension of the product’s useful life and the reuse of parts depends precisely on the length ... (revealing the brief duration of some components, and therefore the limited capacity of the entire system to guarantee the required performance) Conversely, for replacement life extension strategies, these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Product Design for the Environment culminate in the presence of cracks or in the failure of the component To study the fatigue behavior of a component it is, therefore, necessary to know the loading ... Design for the Environment The value of the nominal stress acting on the component is thus increased by a force concentration factor Kt: K t ϭ s theor /s nom (10.2) Kt is calculated using the theory ... permanent local deformations and is linked to the values of the internal damping of the material, occurring when the applied load is below the fatigue limit The material can therefore absorb the quantity...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... where the term mijX quantifies the j-th determinant factor for the strategy X, relative to the i-th component Then have wjX indicate the weight of the j-th determinant factor for strategy X The ... indicate the i-th of the m components comprising the product, and have DFjX indicate the j-th of the nX determinant factors for the practicable strategy X The matrix MX for the evaluation of strategy ... separable from the rest of the structure, as is confirmed by the information reported in Table 11.5 (the evaporators are embedded in the polyurethane foam) Therefore, only some parts of the cooling...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Design for the Environment the impact related to the entire phase of use (which can depend on the choice of material); and EIEoL is the impact of the end-of-life (recycling, disposal) The first ... Design for the Environment Analysis of Production Feasibility On the basis of the form required (Sh) and of the expected use (Us), the analysis of production feasibility suggests some hypothetical ... harmonizing the conventional performance, costs, and environmental performance of the product The first phase consists of defining the set of design requirements and parameters: • Primary performance...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Design for the Environment Again using the same instruments to quantify the environmental impacts, given a system composed of n elements, the environmental impact of the life cycle of the i-th ... defining the n elements making up the system; their numeration; characterizing them on the basis of their typology; and compiling the constraint matrices of type (14.1), which describe the system mathematically ... Design for the Environment modeling, which has the aim of interpreting the assemblies under analysis in mathematical terms, allowing the subsequent elaboration of this information by the resolving...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... given the importance of the failure The higher the value of BCI, the more critical the behavior under examination, both for the effect of its failure on the system and for the decrease in performance ... that: • If Pfu > Pfr then DCFu < 1; therefore, the component is not critical • If Pfu < Pfr then DCFu > 1; therefore, the component is critical and is the more critical the higher the value assumed ... Design for the Environment where eiDsp i is the environmental impact of disposal per unit weight, Wi is the weight of the component, ␰i is the recyclable fraction of the material forming the component,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... that the ASA/FWSM run an extra image (separate from the image the chassis runs) on that system in the flash disk For proper operation, the image for the ASDM GUI and the image that runs on the ... to the MSFC for the uRPF check, they can overload the MSFC – The PFC provides hardware support for traffic that does not match the uRPF check ACL, but that does match an input security ACL – The ... baseline For links to both the Cisco IOS essentials (now a Cisco Press book) and the NSA documents that can be used for further information on device hardening, see the following URL: http://www.thewaystation.com/techref/choke.shtml...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... At the first level, the information is presented by using only the comments associated with the codes found At the second level, a parallel listing is produced, with the codes themselves, and their ... dictionaries, "formats" and "procedures" of the analysis, transfer and synthesis phases (the conventional phases of a CAT system) For any given source lexical unit in this data base, VISULEX searches for ... as a pedagogical introduction to a CAT application, seeing that the output form is more comprehensible than the original form For the Russian-French application, VISULEX output gives two listings...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 15:22

... lower This is because of the need for the formation to have been previously buried deep enough to reach the temperatures required for gas generation, and the need for the formation to retain impermeable ... characterise these effects The study identified a number of issues as presenting a high risk for people and the environment These issues and their significance are summarised in the following ... casing extends to the top of the hydrocarbon-bearing formation Cement is pumped between the intermediate casing and the intervening formations to isolate the well bore from the surrounding rock,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 21:37