descriptive approaches for assessing ecosystem responses to contaminants

... and detoxification 2,277 Pollination Providing pollinators for plant reproduction Keystone predator control of prey species; herbivore control by top predators Nurseries and habitat for migratory ... directly to human welfare The ecosystem service most familiar to ecotoxicologists is the biotic and abiotic attenuation of contaminants, often referred to as the assimilative capacity of an ecosystem ... contributed to ecosystem function 33.2.5 MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SPECIES DIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP Sacrificing those aspects of ecosystems that are difficult or impossible to reconstruct,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:58

... have shown in [3] how to use the monotone property exhibited by some models to improve the time parallel approach First, we perform an uniformisation of the simulation process to obtain a discrete-time ... have stored the previous sample-paths computed by LPi Suppose now that for some t, we find that the new point a(t) is equal to a formerly computed point b(t) As the input sequence is the same for ... through a sequential simulation The aim is to build X(t) for t in [0, T ) through an iterative distributed algorithm For the sake of simplicity, we assume that for all i between and K, logical process...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:09

... use to govern international financial transactions The measure is available from 1950 to 1997 for 58 countries, and for a shorter period for an additional 23 (See Eichengreen forthcoming for ... contains too little information for it to be used to study Liberalization per se, but only levels of Openness The Quinn study is based on a coding of the text of the laws governments used to regulate ... Quinn and Prof Heston, 28 Feb 2001 The PWT 6.0 growth series for Syria contain some unlikely numbers, as does the trade series for India before 1970 The data for Syria and India before 1970 are excluded...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 08:50

... Statistics are computed for the yields of constant maturity treasury for each quarter from 1982Q1 to 2008Q2 There are a total of 105 observations Figure and Figure present the histograms of expected ... firm is assumed to default The model calculated a distance-todefault (DD) value for each firm at the end of each month The DD value is then mapped to the EDF value using an empirical formula developed ... default probability for the sample period t-1 to t, measured at t-1 It is transformed by the logit function, so we expect β1 to be close to The transformation is conducted so that the order of...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 11:21

... compared to preference mapping because it is the method most frequently used to relate consumer acceptability data to descriptive sensory attributes The objectives of this study were to determine ... was inserted into the vial through the septum, exposed to the headspace and held for 20 at the same temperature (60C) 116 E.L CASPIA ET AL Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector The analyses ... used to determine differences among the descriptive attributes (P Ͻ 0.05) for the Cheddar cheese treatments for flavor, aroma and textural attributes Least significant difference test was used to...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... is a group of functions created to allow an organization to produce and dispose of its goods and services to customers.”3 Besides, authority/power is also a factor influencing on “shape of organization” ... Wiley Griffin R.W., Organizational Behavior Boston, Toronto: Houghton Mifflin Company 19 Gibson J.L., Organizations Behavior Structure Processes Boston, Massachuserrs: Irwin Mc Graw-Hill 18 10 ... place to Ballmer in January 2000 Taking a position as CEO of Software Company with clearly goal “great, long- lasting company”, Ballmer has reconstructed Microsoft’s corporate from top to bottom...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... bonus paid to the firms’ CEO Debt -to- Asset Ratio The ratio of total debt to total assets This is an indicator of the leverage of the firm and the potential risks the company faces relative to its ... approaches for understanding the effects of CEO compensation and firm performance The complexities of human factors are such that it is virtually impossible to take into account all such factors ... income to total assets This is an indicator of how much profit a company earns for every dollar of assets Return on Equity (ROE) The ratio of annual net income to common equity This is an indicator...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... this would have been led to insufficient observations for our empirical tests We therefore chose to search for situations where there are both bid quotes and offer quotes for a reference entity ... considered together we get significant results for all rating events, except for review for downgrades and p=50% This indicates that the adjusted spread change does contain useful information for estimating ... al.(2002) who report significant underperformance during the period leading up to downgrades with the largest underperformance being observed before downgrades to below investment grade A recent study...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... HFCs,35 PFCs36 and SF637), Total, Excluding and Including, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry  Energy Consumption for Road Transport Sector; Total Transport Sector  Motor Vehicles in Use – Commercial ... Indicators, 2008 (OECD, 2008c) presents a set of selected “core indicators” According to the publication, the selection took into account:  Policy relevance (“with respect to major challenges for ... indicators of contribution to climate change by regions Total excluding land use etc is a core UNEP indicator and therefore considered to be reliable Proportion of land area covered by forest,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... provide information that is considered as a platform for leaders to conduct an overview of the entire internal structure in order to facilitate the control functions in an organization Therefore, ... THU October 2011 Supervisor: Mrs Phan Thu Huong Corporate culture is no longer a new term for developing countries It has developed through the long history and nowadays it is expected to perform ... and contributed a big value to this research Finally, from the bottom of my heart, I would like to express my great thanks to all of my family members and friends for their vital encouragement...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... questionnaire is going to be released to a group of ten (10) people before it is made public This sample of questionnaire is performed as a test to see whether the questionnaire is easy to understand, ... Questionnaire for customers of Tam Viet The last question in questionnaire for customers of Tam Viet is about “I will introduce Tam Viet to my friends, relatives, partners if they want to study softskills” ... chapter five, conclusion for this study and suggestion for future research is gave out Besides that, each chapter is divided into sub-headings in order to make it easier to follow These sub-headings...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... degree to which the intron and protein had to adapt to fit one another remains to be seen Acknowledgements We thank Dr Sarah Woodson and Dr Barry Stoddard for advice We also thank Dr Karen Palter for ... the protocol used to measure kon would capture, in a given period of time, every binding event to any region of DNA that eventually leads to cleavage if the protein were to scan the DNA for the ... were performed (Fig 4A) Both DNA and RNA substrates saturated limiting amounts of protein in the same manner with a stoichiometry close to : Two independent determinations were performed for each...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... supplies stores, general merchandise stores, food stores, apparel and accessory stores, furniture and home furnishings stores, drug stores and proprietary stores, liquor stores, used merchandise stores, ... index that would be required to move an individual from the top of the bottom third of the sample, to the bottom of the top third of the sample We define this magnitude to be a ‘large’ change in ... shopping goods stores, retail stores not otherwise classified (e.g., florists, tobacco stores, newsstands, optical goods stores), and religious organizations Note that we include grocery stores, but...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 11:20

... prices for short term consumption loans The degree of pass-through is found to be higher for lending rates for house 22 purchase (0.4321) and for loans to non-financial corporations up to million ... hand, the pass-through to interest rates for loans to firms up to million Euros is characterized by a highly volatile state, which lasts for 11 months from October 2008 to September 2009, revealing ... loans to firms up to million Euros This result reflects that interest rates tend to move together, reacting simultaneously to policy interventions and to the arrival of relevant new information,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... as a noun and verb meaning, to photocopy” (Chakravorti, 2003) 62 The photocopy machine has been an important tool for business but also to those wishing to spread information quickly and efficiently ... posted on the Internet Photo sharing sites such as Flickr provide storage space to users where they can upload, store and share photos When a user uploads a photo onto the platform they can provide ... 4,378 1,459 595 198 Photos Photo (1 megapixel, JPG100) Photo (5 megapixels, JPG100) Photo (1 megapixel, RAW12) Photo (12 megapixels, JPG100) Photo (5 megapixels, RAW12) Photo (12 megapixels, RAW12)...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... studies performed using both tryptophan fluorescence and CD spectroscopy These methods are powerful tools to study the conformation of a protein as a function of various environmental factors, such ... appears to be related to the thermal unfolding of the protein structure [11] This unfolding study was based mainly on monitoring tryptophan fluorescence There are altogether nine tryptophan residues ... monochromators A thermostated cuvette holder connected to a water bath controlled the temperature of the sample solution Temperature-induced unfolding was monitored by heating samples gradually up to...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20