... advances in understanding the physics
of highenergy density plasmas through an integrated approach to investigating the
scientific issues in related subfields. Understanding the physics of high energy
density ... directorates in the Department of Energy, in
supporting research of high intellectual value inhighenergy density physics.
1
Executive Summary
BACKGROUND
Recent advances in extending the energy, ... represented inhigh energy
density physics, many highenergy density research techniques have grown out of
ongoing work in plasma science, astrophysics, beam physics, accelerator physics,
magnetic...
...
2. Zinc diffusion in InP from spin-on glass
Zn is one of the most typical p-type impurities in the InGaAs/InP system. Diffusion of Zn
into semiconductor, such as n-type InP, InGaAs or InGaAsP, ... L2
LD1 LD2
LIN1 LIN2 R
term
R
term
bias
bias
DC
dat _in
clk _in
out
J1 J2
65m
bias
bias
DC
dat _in
clk _in
out
J1 J2
65m
bias
bias clk _in
out
DC
dat _in
J1 J2 J3
J4
J5
L1 L2
LD1 LD2
LIN1 LIN2 R
term
R
term
biasbias ...
bias
DC
dat _in
clk _in
out
J1 J2
65m
bias
bias
DC
dat _in
clk _in
out
J1 J2
65m
bias
bias clk _in
out
DC
dat _in
J1 J2 J3
J4
J5
L1 L2
LD1 LD2
LIN1 LIN2 R
term
R
term
biasbias clk _in
out
DC
dat _in
J1 J2...
... moles of the alloy.
binding energyIn crystal, the energy differ-
ences between free atoms and the crystal com-
posed by the atoms are called binding energy. If
the binding energy is larger, the ... more
stable.
binding force The interaction between
atoms, ions, or molecules in crystal. The kind of
crystal depends on the kind of binding force in
the crystal. For example, in molecular crystal,
the binding ... en-
ergy. Inhighenergy experiments, typically a
few MeV to TeV inenergy with intensities as
high as 10
33
/cm
2
/sec directed at targets of only
afewmm
2
in area for the purposes of studying
collisions...
... atoms in a crystal lattice. In gen-
eral, defects are classified into twomaintypes in
crystalline solids: point defects and interstitial
defects. Point defects correspond to a missing
atom at a single ... determined through the visibility V of inter-
ference fringes with intensity maxima I
max
and
minima I
min
as interference in a characteristic
of coherence:
V =
I
max
I
min
I
max
+ I
min
.
â ... repumpinglasersmustbe superim-
posed on the trapping lasers in order to prevent
pumping of the atoms into states not accessi-
ble to the trapping lasers. By reducing or com-
pletely avoiding illumination...
... coefficients.
In case a level can decay to several states,
the Einstein A coefficient is given by the sum of
the individual Einstein A coefficients A
i
of the
decays to the individual levels.
Einstein, Albert ... ig-
norediftheincidentenergyissufficientlylow(s-
waves). In this situation, information about the
scattering potential is contained in the asymp-
totic scattering wave function, which is basically
an outgoing wave, ... be
coherent, i.e., the incident and outgoing particle
waves are identical except for a phase change,
leading to a description of the scattering in terms
of interfering waves. Scattering represented...
... internal energy ˙m(e
out
−e
in
) and
Q
net in
are combined as a loss term. Dividing by
˙m on both sides and rearranging the terms, one
obtains
P
out
ρ
+
v
2
out
2
+gz
out
=
P
in
ρ
+
v
2
in
2
+gz
in ... ·ndS
˙
Q
net in
+
˙
W
net in
.
For one-dimensional, steady -in- the-mean flow
conditions, one obtains
˙m
e
out
+
p
out
ρ
+
v
2
out
2
+ gz
out
−e
in
−
p
in
ρ
−
v
2
in
2
− gz
in
=
˙
Q
net in
+
˙
W
net in
.
â ... usefulness in achieving the Bose–
Einstein condensation in dilute gases. Evapora-
tive cooling represents the last step in a sequence
of several steps to achieve Bose–Einstein con-
densation: starting...
... the
Lorentzian line width.
gainfactor, photoconductivity The increase
oftheelectricalconductivityduetoillumination.
gain saturation Gain of a lasing medium
decreases with an increase in photon flux in
the ... medium, gain saturation causes spatial
holeburning, and in aninhomogeneouslybroad-
ened medium, gain saturation causes spectral
hole burning.
gain switching A technique used for gener-
ating high ... interacts through the
strong interaction. Hadrons have a complex in-
ternal structure in terms of quarks. They can
be divided into two groups: the baryons, which
have half-integer spin (see intrinsic...
... line
width.
inhomogeneous lifetime The inverse of the
inhomogeneous line width gives the inhomoge-
neous lifetime.
inhomogeneous line width See inhomoge-
neous broadening.
inner product Inordinarythree-dimensional
space ... with lines called intercombination lines.
intermediate boson The particle which me-
diates a particular kind of interaction in the
framework of gauge field theories. For instance,
the weak interaction ... in the
cavity resulting in multimode oscillation.
hole burning (spectral) With an increase
in intensity, gain in a medium saturates. In a
homogeneously broadened medium, line shape
cannot change....
... 20 training areas and 25
sites were chosen for the supervised classifica-
tion of the Travinh and Camau images, respec-
tively. List of training areas in Tra Vinh and Ca
Mau were indicated in Table ... deep. Further, integrated shrimp
farming and mangrove forest modeling was
applied in Mekong Delta including study areas,
so this method can be used in recognizing shrimp
ponds.
The best indicator ... pre-enhance-
ment /analysis techniques as well as algorithms
for interpretation of remote sensing images.
Green et al. (2000) reviewed applying fields of
remote sensing techniquesin landuse detection,
water...