cyclization and other coupling reactions

... bimolecular interactions and reactions under supercritical fluid conditions and, as a result, increase reaction yields and alter product distributions Spectroscopic and other instrumental techniques ... Understanding the RESS Process Markus Weber and Mark C Thies 12 Pharmaceutical and Biological Materials Processing with Supercritical Fluids Srinivas Palakodaty, Peter York, Raymond Sloan, and Andreas ... Harry W Rollins, and Ya-Ping Sun NMR Investigation of High-Pressure, High-Temperature Chemistry and Fluid Dynamics Clement R Yonker and Markus M Hoffmann Organic Chemical Reactions and Catalysis...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:48

... stratification In the first phase, a random sample of points was located on aerial photographs and was classified by land cover and forest type In the second phase, a random subsample of the photo points ... located on the ground, and established as a field plot For each field plot, a number of variables were recorded, including current land use, previous land use, stand age, and plantation vs natural ... isoprene and monoterpene, based on species-specific VOC emission measurements (Appendix), and calculated the mid1980s standing basal area, and the decadal change in basal area, for isoprene emitters and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... paddy Bare land Shrub land /other Hectares 14000 Irrigated paddy (dry season) 12000 Area (ha) 1999 Land use types Land use/land cover changes from 1999 to 2004 Reservoir 10000 Bare land/wet soil ... spatial data on land use/land covers However, recently GIS and remote sensing has been using in several types of works in both government and private agencies As we know, GIS and remote sensing ... the watershed land use planning by created land zoning Materials and Methods Materials • • • • Satellite images: – Landsat ETM+ (25 January 1999), LIG format • Resolution – 30 m (band 1-5,7) –...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 11:20

... Adryan and R Schuh, unpublished results) RT-PCR on carefully standardized amounts of RNA and cDNA confirmed the unregulated expression of RPL17A (not shown) We measured and compared dmeglob1 and ... a-helical sandwich structure [25], and binds O2 with a high affinity of P50 = 0.14 Torr [23] Thus, both, expression patterns and ligand affinity of dmeglob1 resemble other known insect Hbs The available ... quality and integrity of RNA was evaluated by reading the absorption ratio at 260 versus 280 nm and by agarose gel electrophoresis Dmeglob1 and LDH expression levels were calculated by the standard-curve...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... Authors' contributions SA and CSP designed research SA and PKT carried out experiments and drafted the manuscript JM and ATR helped in experiments All authors read and approved the final manuscript ... dark periods and were maintained on standard food pellets and water ad libitum All animal care and procedures were in accordance Page of with Institutional and National Institute of Health guidelines ... procedure of Glowinski and Iversen [37] and the tissues collected were stored at -80°C until assayed Muscarinic M1 and M3 Receptor Binding Studies in the Cerebellum Muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor binding...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... first draft of the manuscript JJ, JC and JMA contributed to the final version of the manuscript GA, RB-D and AR helped in the data analysis and interpretation JJ and JC supervised the laboratory ... they have no competing interests Authors' contributions CA-V and JJ designed the study CA-V, GA and RB-D analyzed the data GA, RB-D, LF-S and AR collected data or performed various measurements for ... decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and may act as modulators of systemic inflammation and the associated vascular response However, further studies in other type of populations without lipid...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... flowering AtFRI, on the other hand, upregulates expression of AtFLC and so represses flowering No orthologues for AtFRI or AtFLC have been found in the cereals (Alexandre and Hennig, 2008) Orthologues ... reproductive transition in Arabidopsis: the photoperiod and vernalisation pathways which mediate responses to light and cold, respectively, and the autonomous and gibberellin pathways that are regulated ... integrates circadian clock and day-length signals and, under long-days, activates the floral promoters AtFT, AtSOC1 and AtLFY [8] The two circadian clock genes AtLHY and AtTOC1 influence the expression...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... of GSH and GSSG and assisted with the writing of the manuscript BD and CW contributed to the revision of the paper and provided the analysis of 4-HNE KG performed the measurements of NOx and approved ... 4-HNE at m/z 152, 283, and 303, and d3-4HNE at m/z 153, 286, and 306 Under these conditions, the larger, second peak of the two 4-HNE isomers was used for quantification and exhibited a retention ... authentic compounds as external standards Measurement of glutathione (GSH and GSSG) in BAL fluid and cells Results BAL fluid from control, chlorine exposed and DMTU pre-treated chlorine exposed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... on the influence of exercise and intraarticular IL-10 levels and cartilage degradation Nevertheless, the first step is that these data be validated and confirmed by others Conclusions Exercise therapy ... A, Petersen MCH, Andersen O, Langberg H, Kjaer M: Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled ... to a greater understanding of the role of exercise in knee OA Relevant new research questions arise: Why is IL-10 upregulated after exercise? Could the increase in IL-10 and decrease in COMP...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:22

... above analysis, how can the poor predictive values of PPV in the studies by Wyler and colleagues [1] and by Daudel and colleagues [2] be explained? Their plots of stroke volume against central venous ... 14:197 http://ccforum.com/content/14/5/197 There are other mechanisms that can produce PPV with positive pressure ventilation Veiellard-Baron and coworkers [8] showed that inspiratory loading can ... in the endotoxin group and there was a lot more volume responsiveness than seems to show up in the results One factor could be simply technical The authors used the standard 10% change in stroke...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... through G1 and G3) and the G4-G6 latch (the continuous β-sheet that runs through G4 and G6) (Burtnick et al., 1997; Figs 1.10A and 1.10B) G6 forms the centerpiece of the globule and he other domains ... latrunculin and cytochalasin D and ligands such as ADP, Mg-ATP and Ca-ATP The 375 residue actin polypeptide adopts a globular tertiary structure that can be subdivided into the large and small ... 338-375), II (3369), III (145-180, 270-337) and IV (181-269) (Fig 1.3) The exposed interfaces of subdomains and 3, and subdomains and are named the barbed and pointed ends respectively, in accordance...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... fluid and serum (Gosden et al 1988, Rodgers and Irving-Rodgers 2010, Shalgi et al 1973) 2.3 Follicular fluid content and oocyte quality The rate at which the follicular antrum expands and follicular ... miR-17 – 5p, and miR-25 in serum (Peltier and Latham 2008) Moreover, another study reported that RNAU6B and 5S ribosomal RNA were degraded in serum samples (Chen et al 2008) In another study to ... Stafford-Bell and Copeland 2001) Materials and methods 3.1 27 Materials and methods Materials for laboratory analysis In this section, materials used in this study such as chemicals, kits, all other...

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2015, 14:53

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 12:46

... under anesthesia Parathyroid glands were visualized by means of a stereoscopic microscope (Wild M5, Wild Heerbrugg, Switzerland), dissected from the thyroid gland and re-implanted into the surrounding ... The plates were sprayed with 10% H2SO4 (v ⁄ v) and heated for spot detection GD3 standard gave two equivalent spots (RF ¼ 0.85 and 0.81) The double band is known to result from the heterogeneity ... mitochondria, outer membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes FEBS Lett 505, 453–459 39 Epand RF, Schlattner U, Wallimann T & Epand RM (2007) Cardiolipin clusters and membrane domain formation induced...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... (base line) and at days 3, 6, 10, 13, 27, 42 and 70 HCV-RNA Serum Determinations Serum samples were collected before treatment initiation (day 1) and at days 3, 6, 10, 13, 28, 42, 70 and weeks ... isopropanol and 1/10 volume of 7.5 M ammonium acetate The precipitate was washed twice with 75% ethanol, and then with 95% ethanol RNA was briefly air-dried and then resuspended and further purified ... with IFN and ribavirin Most of the late genes probably represent secondary or tertiary events, and include genes involved in hemopoiesis, hemoglobin complex formation, and oxygen transport and binding...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... on uptake and localization of phthalocyanine and drafting of the manuscript VJ conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped in interpretation of data and drafting ... Photophysical and photochemical reactions underlying production of ROS A number of competing photophysical and photochemical reactions depending on the intracellular microenvironment of AlPcS and its ... transport and intracellular localization, (b) complex interactions between photobleaching and singlet oxygen quenching at high intracellular densities of AlPcS2 and its aggregates and (c) competitions...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... presence on the nasal and pharyngeal smears and on the blood polymorphonucleates Tests for HHV6 and VRS were negative The columnar multinuclear cells presented markedly a sparse and shortened ciliary ... clinical and cytological findings and nasopharyngeal cancers, mass screening programs and clinical follow up will be necessary, particularly in those areas of the world (southern China and Southeast ... specific microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in the nasal mucosal cells induced by EBV infection and draws on original findings http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/6 Figure aly and multinucleation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... presence on the nasal and pharyngeal smears and on the blood polymorphonucleates Tests for HHV6 and VRS were negative The columnar multinuclear cells presented markedly a sparse and shortened ciliary ... clinical and cytological findings and nasopharyngeal cancers, mass screening programs and clinical follow up will be necessary, particularly in those areas of the world (southern China and Southeast ... specific microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in the nasal mucosal cells induced by EBV infection and draws on original findings http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/6 Figure aly and multinucleation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... parallels 26°48'45'' and 26°54'00'' and longitudes 39°46'30'' and 39°49'45'' The Biga Peninsula consists of two main mountainous massifs, Biga Mountain in the northern part and Kaz Mountain in ... into sub-belts such as lower, mid and upper Besides, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) stands were detected in the valleys and chiefly on the northern steep ... statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.0 version and within the analysis we compared the altitudinal groups among each other and also regression and correlation analysis were done to find out the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... understanding and practical application Advances in Botanical Research, 30: 291–328 Khan W., Prithiviraj B., Smith D.L (2003): Chitosan and chitin oligomers increase phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ... filter paper and the mycelial mass was then ground in liquid nitrogen and homogenized with 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.2 containing 2mM β-mercaptoethanol, 500 µg·ml–1 amoxicillinum, and 100 µg·ml–1 ... KCl and stirred for h at 20°C The extract was centrifuged (3,000 g for 10 min) and the protein content of the supernatant was determined (Bradford 1976) using bovine serum albumin as a standard...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21