cyclic redundancy check an error detection scheme used on

... modulo (GF(2)) • CRC phần dư phép chia nhị phân không nhớ VÍ DỤVỀ PHÉP TOÁN MODULO (mod 2) • Trong trường GF(2), hệ số đa thức số • Ví dụ cộng hai đa thức: ( x + x) + ( x + 1) = x + x + = x + ... x7 + x3 + Q(x) = x15+x14+x12+x11+x10+x9+x7+x6+x5+x4+x3 R(x) = x5+x4+x3 CRC-7 = 0111000 CRC-4 TRONG PCM-30 FRAME FRAME TS0 #0 C1 0 1 1 TS0 #8 C1 #1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 #9 #2 C2 0 1 1 #10 C2 #11 #3 ... 1 1 #5 #12 C3 #13 #6 C4 0 1 #7 1 #14 C4 #15 Submultiframe#1 Submultiframe#2 Multi-frame CRC-4 TRONG PCM-30 (tt) • Giá trị CRC-4 đa khung #n tính từ bit tin đa khung #(n-1) (trừ bit CRC) • Đếm...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:20

... iterations involved; for instance, for every byte, the software has to perform eight iterations and each iteration has to undergo a conditional check for an XOR operation and the actual XOR operation ... families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature All ... certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company’s quality...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:46

... fuzzy-based scheme for program anomaly intrusion detection using system calls The proposed fuzzy-based detection scheme is based on the two-layer detection scheme [5] and the normal database detection scheme ... two-layer detection scheme proposed in our previous work [5], and the normal database detection scheme [4] The proposed detection scheme aims at reducing false alarms and increasing the detection rate ... Intrusion Detection, ” in the Third Annual IEEE Workshop on Information Assurance, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, June 17-19, 2002 [3] J Gòmez, F Gonzàlez, D Dasgupta, An ImmunoFuzzy Approach to Anomaly...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... resonance frequency Repeat Steps 2–4, until the resonance frequency is converged 801 Theoretically, a resonance frequency must exist within the range of first vibration mode on the vibration spectrum ... reconstruction with noise rejection In comparison with the high-frequency resonance technique, the proposed method possesses better properties in both envelope detection and signal reconstruction ... applying an estimation of the resonance frequency Thus, an estimation of the resonance frequency f1 could be easily derived from the peak in the first-vibrationmode of the spectrum for the vibration...

Ngày tải lên: 03/12/2014, 23:41

... forms and meanings, and the distribution of forms and meanings of their native language and culture to the foreign language and culture” (1957:1) Myles (2002) considers transfer an important cognitive ... the notion of errors in language leaning, the distinction between errors and mistakes, main causes of errors Lastly, cohesion in writing is mentioned, it consists of the concept of cohesion, cohesive ... in second language learning have been done by several scholars like Corder (1967), Richard (1992) and Selinker (1992) Error Analysis is the identification, description and explanation of errors...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:12

... my second job because I was so exhausted all the time hang up hang up & hangs up hanging up up up hang up (on) p.v When you stop talking on the telephone and put down the receiver, you hang up ... telephone When you are angry and hang up the telephone without saying good-bye to someone, you hang up on the person you are talking to 55 After I finished talking to her, I said good-bye and up ... After one electronic device has been connected to another, it is hooked up There's a VCR on my TV, but don't try to use it because it's not hooked up hookup n A hookup is an electrical connection...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

... know, one never knows (Halliday and Hasan, 1976, p.53) You and one mean any human individual (3) Personal pronouns, possessive determiners and possessive pronouns Besides the personal pronouns, ... and Applied Linguistics London Longman Group Limited 23 Richards, J.C (1992) Error Analysis: Perspective on Second Language Acquisition Longman Group Limited 24 Tran Huu Manh (1999) Quy Chiu v Ni ... them In conclusion, committing errors in the second language learning process is a natural and popular phenomenon Basing on the analysis of errors done by linguists and researchers, errors are...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:08

... indirectly, to error detection and correction Topics discussed in this section: Types of Errors Redundancy Detection Versus Correction Forward Error Correction Versus Retransmission Coding Modular ... What is the error detection and correction capability of this scheme? Solution This code guarantees the detection of up to three errors (s = 3), but it can correct up to one error In other w ords, ... code guarantees detection of only a single error For example, if the third codeword (101) is sent and one error occurs, the received codeword does not match any valid codeword If two errors occur,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 20:20

... an article By referring to information on the corrected form indicated in an error tag, the system can convert erroneous parts into corrected equivalents Error detection method In this section, ... Adverb Preposition Article Pronoun Others Number error, Lexical error Erroneous subject-verb agreement, Tense error, Compliment error Lexical error Lexical error Lexical error on normal and dependent ... there is an article missing in front of “telephone”, so this can be considered an omission-type error, which is categorized as an article error (“at” is a label that indicates that this is an article...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... that in many cases, ignoring an additional one or two input words may result in a parse that is syntactically a n d / o r semantically more coherent We have thus developed an evaluation heuristic ... preference was designed to handle the phenomena of false starts, which is common in spontaneous speech The GLR* parser has a capability for handling common word substitutions when the parser's input ... using a linear combination The weights used in this scheme are adjustable, and can be optimized for a particular domain a n d / o r grammar The parser then selects the parse ranked best (i.e the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... (word, punctuation and digit) and error types I NS, D EL and S UB stand for insertion, deletion and substitution error types, respectively Ortho stands for orthographic variant Lemma stands for ‘shared ... punctuation and 3.5% digits Orthogonally, 81.4% of all problem words are substitution errors, 10.6% are insertion errors and 7.9% are deletion errors Whereas punctuation symbols are 9.3% of all errors, ... deletion errors, almost 22% of all insertion errors and less than 5% of substitution errors Similarly digits, which are 3.5% of all errors, are almost 14% of deletions, 7% of insertions and just...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... Etrees and Derivation Trees for (2abc) tree-substitution, sister-adjunction, and Chomskyadjunction (Chiang, 2003) Sister adjunction attaches a tree (or single node) as a sister to another node, and ... evaluation in future work “Precision” here means the percentage of reported variations that are actually annotation errors 697 Future Work While we continue the evaluation work, our primary concern ... University of Pennsylvania for helpful feedback on a presentation of an earlier version of this work We also thank Spence Green and Chris Manning for supplying the data used in their analysis of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... pages 133–142 Zhendong Dong and Qiang Dong 2006 Hownet and the Computation of Meaning World Scientific Kuzman Ganchev, Koby Crammer, Fernando Pereira, Gideon Mann, Kedar Bellare, Andrew McCallum, ... CTB 4.0 Jiang et al (2008a; 2008b) (Jiang08a, Jiang08b) used CTB 5.0 Shi and Wang (2007) used CTB that was distributed in the SIGHAN Bakeoff Besides CTB, they also used HowNet (Dong and Dong, 2006) ... Jiang et al (2008a; 2008b) on CTB 5.0 and Zhang and Clark (2008) on CTB 4.0 since they reported the best performances on joint word segmentation and POS tagging using the training materials only...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... organization of the consonant inventories lacks a satisfactory explanation However, one of the earliest observations about the consonant inventories has been that consonants tend to occur in ... comprising of 317 languages and 541 consonants found across them, for our experiments 3.2 Redundancy Ratio across the Consonant Inventories In this section we measure the redundancy ratio (described ... packed with sL consonants chosen uniformly at random (without repetition) from the pool of 541 available consonants Thus the consonant inventories of the 317 languages corresponding to the bins...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... SOFTWARE ERROR DETECTION THROUGH TESTING AND ANALYSIS www.it-ebooks.info SOFTWARE ERROR DETECTION THROUGH TESTING AND ANALYSIS J C Huang University of Houston A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION ... prohibitively large Software Error Detection through Testing and Analysis, By J C Huang Copyright C 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc CONCEPTS, NOTATION, AND PRINCIPLES To illustrate, consider the following ... active and affectionate interest in my writing, and to my wife, Shih-wen, for her support and for allowing me to neglect her while getting this work done J C Huang Houston Concepts, Notation, and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... translation at the word level As we are only interested in error detection, we focus on work that uses confidence estimation approaches to detect translation errors Of course, confidence estimation is ... not limited to the application of error detection, it can also be used in other scenarios, such as translation prediction in an interactive environment (Grandrabur and Foster, 2003) In a JHU ... Proceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation Simona Gandrabur and George Foster 2003 Confidence Estimation for Translation Prediction In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL Le Zhang 2004 Maximum Entropy...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... as a Foreign Language (TOEFL R ) The prepositions were judged by two trained annotators and checked by the authors using the preposition annotation scheme described in Tetreault and Chodorow (2008b) ... are fluent and contain no obvious grammatical errors, those in the second contain at least one preposition error and the sentences in the third are clearly ungrammatical with a variety of error types ... preposition selection and error detection tasks, i.e a task-based parser evaluation in the spirit of that carried out by Miyao et al (2008) on the task of protein pair interaction extraction We...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... stronger quality control on untrained human raters (henceforth, Turkers), is more reliable than AMT on three different error detection tasks (article errors, confused prepositions Any conclusions ... addition to the standard context-based features used to detect confusion errors, identifying extraneous prepositions also requires actual knowledge of when a preposition can and cannot be used ... preposition errors, with the exception of Gamon (2010), addresses preposition confusion errors e.g., (Felice and Pulman, 2008; Tetreault and Chodorow, 2008; Rozovskaya and Roth, 2010b) One reason is...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... constituting 13.6% of the total errors Furthermore, the phrases causing many of the problems for the LiveJournal and Blogspot relation detection are generic nouns and pronouns such as “car” and ... on professionally edited documents The heavy use of pronouns and less descriptive mention phrases in the other documents seems to be one cause of the reduction in relation extraction performance ... these relation annotations and those in the ACE Corpus is that the former are relations between sets of mentions (the co-reference groups) rather than between individual mentions This means that...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20