... University of Lancaster,
England, to develop a suite of computer
programs which provide a detailed
grammatical analysis of the LOB corpus,
a collection of about 1 million words of
British English ... the light of the
enormous variety and complexity of
ordinary sentences in the corpus, and
partly to create a databank of manually
parsed samples of the LOB corpus, for the
purposes of providing ... corpus weee printed in
a single year (1961).
The structure of the LOB corpus was
designed to resemble that of the Brown
corpus as closely as possible so that
a systematic comparison of British...
... Oliv~ttL
It is clear from examples such as these that the stressof Italian loans
is not dependent upon the weight of the penultimate syllable, unlike
the stressof native English words. Japanese ... determine the location of the primary stress.
Shown below are some sample results of the program's ability to assign
primary stress. *
% Correct Number of Level 1
Primary Stress Words Tested ... using either the rules of the the language that it was
borrowed from or the rules of the language that it was borrowed into.
But neither the rules of Japanese nor the rules ofEnglish can account...
... areas.
New students of HaUI do not have the same level ofEnglish language proficiency.
Some of them have learnt English for 7 years at secondary and high schools. Some have only
learnt English for ... for the communication to be effective both from the point of view of
speakers and listeners. In most of the processes of communication, the roles of speakers and
listeners are interchanged, ... are:
19
aged from 22 to 45 but only some of them have ever been to English speaking countries like
Australia and the USA. Most of the teachers are still quite young and even some of them
have...
... Linguistics
Learning Semantic Links from a Corpus of
Parallel Temporal and Causal Relations
Steven Bethard
Institute for Cognitive Science
Department of Computer Science
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO ... features derived from WordNet and
the Google N-gram corpus, and they out-
performed a variety of baselines, achieving
an F-measure of 49.0 for temporals and 52.4
for causals. Analysis of these models ... N
keyword
(w) is the number of times the word
appeared in the keyword’s pattern, and N(w) is the
number of times the word was in the corpus. The
following features were derived from these scores:
•...
... created a corpusof
metalanguage from a subset of the British National
Corpus, finding that approximately 11% of spoken
utterances contained some form (whether explicit
or implicit) of metalanguage. ... technologies, to the
detriment of the performance of systems that
could exploit it. This paper describes the
creation of the first tagged and delineated
corpus ofEnglish metalanguage, accompanied ... so will enable analysis of the
syntax and semantics ofEnglish metalanguage.
3.1 Approach
The article set ofEnglish Wikipedia
2
was chosen as
a source for text, from which instances were...
... a
set of sentences from LSAT and GRE logic games,
which again contain only two quantifiers from a
limited list of quantifiers. Their corpus consists of
305 sentences. In around 70% of these ... the IAA of 52%.
The current corpus contains 2500 sentences,
out of which 500 sentences have already been an-
notated. Our goal is to expand the corpus up to
twice in size. 20% of the corpus ... 1. Corpus statistics
(a) (b)
Figure 4. DAG of scoping in (5) and its TC
144
pairs and hence expand the corpus in a bootstrap-
ping fashion.
The data acquired from Mechanical Turk is of-
ten...
... 1997:190).
27
The pattern ofstress in this sentence is stressed – unstressed – stressed –
unstressed – stressed – unstressed, with equal number of alternating stressed
and unstressed syllables. ... English learning time
The table below indicates the time of learning Englishof all the third year
English majors. As it can be seen from the table, of all the students, none of
18
Roloff ... stress can also help students to get more out
of listening to spoken English.
Sentence stress is not just a phonetic peculiarity of English. Sentence stress
has a very important function of...
... point of view of
theorists, it is the same effective equivalence between SL and TL.
IV. English for Specific purposes in translation (ESP)
IV.1. Definition of ESP
From the early 1960's, English ...
teaching ofEnglish for any purposes that could be specified. Others, however,
were more precise, describing it as the teaching ofEnglish used in academic
studies or the teaching ofEnglish ... professional purposes.
To classify the meaning ofEnglish for specific purposes, Tony Dudley-
Evans (1977), co-editor of the ESP Journal gives an extended definition of ESP
in terminologies of...
... methodology and associated software
system for the construction of a large lexicon from
an existing machine-readable (published) dictionary.
The lexicon serves as a component of an English mor-
phological ... lexicographer.
In the course of an interactive cycle of develop-
ment, a number of entries are hypothesised and auto-
matically generated from x single base form. The fam-
ily of related surface forms ... analyser. We
describe a software system with two integrated com-
ponents. One of these is capable of extracting syn-
tactically rich, theory-neutral lexical templates from
a suitable machine-readabh...
... alignments of the motifs 1–5 of
TOP6 subunit A (A) and motifs 1–4 of TOP6 subunit
B (B) proteins of rice with other homologs from differ-
ent organisms.
Fig. S2. Schematic alignment of the position of ... in
transgenic plants
The induction of numerous stress- responsive genes is a
hallmark ofstress adaptation in plants. To elucidate fur-
ther the role of OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B in stress
tolerance, we examined ... level of several
genes under normal and stress conditions. This explan-
ation is supported by the demonstration of the altered
expression of a large number of genes by overexpres-
sion of OsTOP6A3...
... of assessment of GCSE qualifications in English and/or English
language for award of qualifications in 2014, 2015 and 2016, paragraphs 11 and 12
of the GCSE Subject Criteria for English ( English ... the Removal of Speaking and Listening Assessment from GCSE
English and GCSE English Language
Ofqual 2013 9
of students and we are particularly keen to hear views on this aspect of these
proposals. ... state name of group, if you are responding from a representative group
Consultation on the Removal of Speaking and Listening Assessment from GCSE
English and GCSE English Language
Ofqual...