consumers producers and the efficiency of the market

... determine the size of this deadweight loss? How does tax revenue depend on the size of the tax? Learning Objectives By the end of this session, students should understand: – the effects of government ... By the end of this session, students should understand: – how the burden of a tax is split between buyers and sellers – how taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus – the meaning and causes of ... to the buyers who value them the most  In contrast, when prices are not controlled, the rationing mechanism is efficient (the goods go to the buyers that value them the most) and impersonal (and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/04/2015, 18:53

... with antibodies to the subunits of the yeast bc1 complex indicated on the left side of the blots The Western blots are shown in panels A and B and the relative amounts of each of the subunits determined ... protein to insert into and be stable in the inner mitochondrial membrane or lack of detection of the truncated protein by the antibodies In the W303–1B q° strain the amounts of the other two catalytic ... the absence of subunit also resulted in an increase in the ratio of intermediate to mature cytochrome c1 and a disappearance of the intermediate form of the Rieske protein At the same time, the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... trend in the income (before taxes) share of the top 0.1% (the top solid line in the figure) and the top 0.01% (the lower dashed line) since 1945.32 Under both definitions of the top of the income ... Share of Income of Top 0.1% Share of Income of Top 0.01% Source: Piketty and Saez Note: The vertical axis is the share of total income The observed relationship between the top tax rates and the ... at the top of the income distribution are currently at their lowest levels since the end of the second World War The results of the analysis suggest that changes over the past 65 years in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... at their 50 and 30 boundaries, respectively, and were inserted between the third letter of one codon and the first letter of the following codon Molecular modeling of the C sepium b-amylase The ... the X-ray coordinates of the soybean b-amylase (Fig 4) According to the Ramachandran plot of this model the f and c angles of most of the residues are in the allowed regions of low energy, except ... Cys97, Cys208 and Cys343) On the analogy of the soybean b-amylase, the active site of the C sepium b-amylase most probably consists of a cleft located between the barrel core and the smaller globular...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... binding of the ligand to the other repeats that share a common epitope Other inhibition mechanisms cannot be excluded; among these, there is the possibility that, through the effect of the proximities ... chemistry, and this was followed by the injection of soluble repeats or 10 of both FnBPA and FnBPB across the sensor chip surface Table reports the kinetic constants of the binding and the calculated ... of the proximities of the antibody-binding and Fn-binding sites, the interaction of the repeat with Fn may be sterically hindered in the presence of the antibody The results of this study allow...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... change in the thermostability of the enzyme (Table S2), and thermal unfolding of the wild-type and both the F193A and W373K mutants was found to be irreversible (Fig S3) The propensity of the wild-type ... features of the consensus motif into the Zm-p60.1 scaffold, an analysis of structural and catalytic properties of the mutants, and simulations of the substrate–enzyme interactions of the wild-type and ... from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, LC06034, 1M06030, LC06010, MSM0021622415 and MSM0021622412 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, and AV0Z50040507 and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... produced either as a soluble protein in the presence of detergents or as a precipitate in the absence of detergents We analyzed the yield and sample quality of ETB synthesized in the presence of FEBS ... T7-tag at the N-terminus and a poly(His)10-tag at the C-terminus (Fig 1) To obtain the highest yields of the individual constructs, optimization of the Mg2+ and K+ concentrations in the ranges ... expression and stabilization The functional folding of membrane proteins overproduced by the new cell-free (CF) approach is of primary interest, and we therefore further analyzed the quality of ETB...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... signals and increased relative standard deviations up to 10% Based on results obtained a stripping current of mA was selected for the following experiments The shape of the dependence of the CPSA ... according to Long and Winefordner [28], whereas N was expressed as standard deviation of noise determined in the signal domain unless stated otherwise Results and Discussion The analysis of MMP raises ... the detection of collagen and/ or MMP-9 or for the study of interactions between these molecules; 1) renewing of the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) surface; 2) adsorption of MMP-9 or collagen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:18

... families, and just 0.1 percent of the income of the very best-off In other words, these excise taxes are 16 times harder on the poor than the rich, and times harder on middle-income families than the ... with their incomes In either case, the path that states choose in the near future will have a major impact on the well-being of their citizens — and on the fairness of state and local taxes WHY THE ... other forms of wealth, the tax applies to most of the wealth of middleincome families, and hits a smaller share of the wealth of high-income families • For homeowners, home values as a share of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... lane and the arrow indicates the position of the b-tubulin/CCT complex (B) The amounts of the tubulin bound to CCT were quantitated by the use of a phosphorimager and expressed as a fraction of the ... and b5/Cof A complex, respectively (B) In vitro folding reactions of labeled denatured b-T1 and b5 tubulins in the presence (+) or the absence (–) of purified CCT and Cof A The upper, middle and ... 4): the helix H9, the H10–S9 loop, and the S7–H9 loop, defined as the ÔM loopÕ [45,46] Comparison of the primary structure of E focardii b-T1 polypeptide P259–T372 with the same region of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... SQMG and DNA Pol b where dob is the chemical shift of the protein at each titration point and df is the chemical shift of the protein in the absence of inhibitor, db is the chemical shift of the ... by addition of SQG Thus, the sulfonyl moiety of SQMG may form a salt bridge to the amino moiety of the sidechain of K35 The hydroxyl moieties of the sugar of SQMG might interact with the sidechain ... that of a mixture of SQG and MA (Fig 3B) An excessive amount of SQG or MA (i.e I P ẳ 10) did not inhibit the ssDNA binding activity of the 8-kDa domain of pol b (Lanes and of Fig 3C) On the other...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... one team of researchers, Figure displays the trend in the income (before taxes) share of the top 0.1% (the top solid line in the figure) and the top 0.01% (the lower 39 CRS analysis of the data ... Share of Income of Top 0.1% Share of Income of Top 0.01% Source: Piketty and Saez Note: The vertical axis is the share of total income The observed relationship between the top tax rates and the ... index of output per hour; it can be affected not only by taxes but also by the quantity and quality of the labor force The indicators of the quantity and quality of the labor force include the...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... Column A, gives a sense of the distribution of the 271,572 jobs created in the investment phase and sustained during the first seven years of the investment cycle The majority of new positions (162,541 ... Becker (of the University of Chicago) and subsequent work to see the logic that taxpayers rationally choose to pay the lower of the costs of tax avoidance or tax liabilities Indeed, the problems ... pollute, as such policy is often characterized in the West Of course, opponents of the oil and gas companies may have other motivations for their desire to stifle the industry, be they genuinely green...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... elution time of Mb, cyanogen bromide fragments of Mb and the live synthetic peptide standards Peptide standards 1, 2.3, 4, and contain 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 residues, respectively, and their sequences ... C'*-amide.These standards were purchased from Alberta Peptide Institute elution profile of the four standards on addition of 5% acetonitrile (Fig 4, top) and the further improvement at a level of 10% ... temperature The sequences of peptide standards 1, 2, and (10, 20 and 50 residues, respectively) are shown in Table I The arrows denote the elution time for the total permeation w~lume of the column...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:46

... [11] The global identification and characterization of phosphorylation is critical to the elucidation of signal transduction pathways, the understanding of the mechanism of disease progression, and ... signaling in the apoptotic pathway because of the limited amount of sample from patients and normal donors On the other hand, in vitro culture is capable of sustaining a large number of cells, which ... cytometric analysis of confirmed that the isolated cells highly expressed the cell surface marker CD34 and had low levels of CD45 and were negative for glycophorin A The purity of the isolated CD34+...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... infiltration and increase in diversity of the T cell repertoire was detected in the pancreases, with most of the BV families present at pre-diabetic and diabetic stages A similar expansion profile of the ... repertoire ex-vivo in target organs, spleen and lymph nodes Diversity in the TCR repertoire is the result of random combinations of V, D and J segments and nucleotide insertions during recombination ... polyclonal profile of induced clonotypes, with BV2, BV10, BV12 and BV14 being present on over 60% of the animals, followed next in appearance by BV8S3 and BV11, present in 50% of the mice B) As...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... [11] The global identification and characterization of phosphorylation is critical to the elucidation of signal transduction pathways, the understanding of the mechanism of disease progression, and ... signaling in the apoptotic pathway because of the limited amount of sample from patients and normal donors On the other hand, in vitro culture is capable of sustaining a large number of cells, which ... cytometric analysis of confirmed that the isolated cells highly expressed the cell surface marker CD34 and had low levels of CD45 and were negative for glycophorin A The purity of the isolated CD34+...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... infiltration and increase in diversity of the T cell repertoire was detected in the pancreases, with most of the BV families present at pre-diabetic and diabetic stages A similar expansion profile of the ... repertoire ex-vivo in target organs, spleen and lymph nodes Diversity in the TCR repertoire is the result of random combinations of V, D and J segments and nucleotide insertions during recombination ... polyclonal profile of induced clonotypes, with BV2, BV10, BV12 and BV14 being present on over 60% of the animals, followed next in appearance by BV8S3 and BV11, present in 50% of the mice B) As...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... subtypes Currently, the workgroup consists of investigators from 15 sites in 13 countries The goal of the workgroup is to collect and analyze a robust database of sequences and clinical data to ... Journal of the International AIDS Society 2005, 7:71 increasing data on the genotype of B and non-B viruses among drug-naive and -experienced patients Although the overall response ... instruments and uniform protocols, is essential to the analysis of non-B resistance This is crucial as access to antiretroviral therapy in the developing world increases within the next few years, and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... between the curves in the case of CoD-B and in the random case genes identified by CoD-Q, the curves of cumulated probability laid between the curves in the case of CoD-B and the curve in the random ... one uses the MSE metric, then CoD is the ratio of the explained variation to the total variation and denotes the strength of association between predictor genes and the target gene Mathematically, ... and the order of k, the plotted pattern can be modeled by (1) In (1), f (t) and g(t) are the x and y components of a point on the curve, t is a parameter in the parametric representation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20