construction of safer viral vectors for vaccine delivery

... al., 2001) 1.4 Vectors used for gene delivery to the CNS Three types of gene delivery methods, namely physical methods, non -viral methods and viral methods, have been applied for gene delivery to ... used for gene therapy applications, and were rarely used for 12 Chapter Introduction gene delivery to the CNS because of their poor in vivo performance Non -viral and viral vectors are therefore ... 2003) 1.4.2 Viral vectors Viral vectors are the most efficient vectors to transduce mammalian cells, and therefore are employed in most gene delivery experiments A variety of viral vectors, including...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... buffer for isolation of nuclear extract for Electromobility shift assay (EMSA) (Wu et al., 2001) 2.1.43 Buffer A for isolation of nuclear extract (Wu et al., 2001) 2.1.44 Buffer C for isolation of ... TABLES Table 1.1 Vectors and delivery systems for gene therapy 12 Table 5.1 Determination of transduction efficiency of amplicon viruses in vivo 160 Table 5.2 Comparison of percentage of GFP positive ... (Castro et al., 2003a) 1.3.2 Gene therapy of gliomas One of the formidable tasks of intracranial gene delivery is the difficulty in achieving gene delivery to > % of the tumor mass It would be advantageous...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... evaluate the level of GFP expression above the threshold level of autofluorescence of non-transfected control cells For each assay three independent transfections were performed and mean fluorescence ... 50°C for 15 min, initial denaturation at 95°C for min, 45 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 15 sec and annealing with extension at 60°C for 30 sec Fluorescence data were collected at the end of ... used from a range of 100 to 600 nM for optimum concentration CT values were recorded each time 200 nM of forward and reverse primer with 100 nM of probe were found to be optimal for one step qRT-PCR...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... efficiency of non -viral gene delivery remains a critical drawback of the system On the other hand, viral gene delivery systems are favoured because of the high efficiency of infective viral vectors ... Gene Delivery to the CNS Viral vectors have attracted attention in the field of gene delivery, because of their high transduction efficiencies that seem to be unreachable for nonviral gene delivery ... Systems Depending on the usage of vectors, there are two main types of gene delivery systems: non -viral and viral systems Large amounts of studies have demonstrated that non -viral materials such as...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 11:28

... systems for vector development and gene transfer Chapter contributions provide perspective in the use of viral vectors for applications in the brain and in the central nervous system Viral Vectors for ... development, and use of viral vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy I would like to thank the many chapter authors for their contributions They are all experts in various aspects of viral vectors, and ... Virus Type 1-Based Vectors for Gene Delivery to Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ali Ramezani and Robert G Hawley 467 Semliki Forest Viral Vectors for Gene Transfer Jarmo Wahlfors and Richard...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:39

... health workforce, human resources for health, availability of human resources for health, metrics for human resources for health, situational analysis of human resources for health, profile of human ... metrics For the COCORHS, metrics are conceived of as a set of calculations that allow the measurement of individual and population aspects of health [7] To provide an interpretative framework for ... used for these purposes, therefore it is of the essence for researchers to identify and use them Further efforts are needed to develop and apply relevant metrics with the participation of all...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... Let us now compare the cardinalities of the different constructions of δ-bracketing covers for some values of δ, see the table below For the construction of Rδ we have chosen p = p(δ) exactly ... 1.15] instead of the result of Haussler.) An advantage of (1) is that the dependence of the inverse of the discrepancy on d is optimal This was verified in [13] by a lower bound for the inverse, ... star discrepancy of P d∗ (P ) := sup λd (C) − ∞ C∈Cd |P ∩ C| n is a measure of how uniform the points of P are distributed in [0, 1]d ; here |P ∩ C| denotes the cardinality of the set P ∩ S If...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 21:20

... Health Canada: Application for an exemption under Section 56 of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act for a scientific purpose for a pilot supervised injection site Office of Drug Strategy and Controlled ... members) performs a critical education function by exposing outsiders to the realities of daily life for drug users in Vancouver’s DTES [27] Drug related harm, including risk of bacterial and viral ... inform the activities of the IST, a communitybased research partnership was developed between VANDU and the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS As part of this collaborative effort,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2015, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2015, 14:27

Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2015, 14:51

... facilitate the formation of specialised membranes required for the replication machinery It is also required for targeting viral proteins to designated sites of the host cells for viral infection ... the host cell cytoplasm for initiation of viral replication After viral fusion, the viral capsid localizes to both cytoplasm and nuclease of the host cell The reason for nuclear localization ... field of dengue vaccine development to come up with the first live attenuated tetravalent vaccine The Sanofi Pasteur vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax, is composed of recombinant live attenuated vaccines...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... used for the study of vaccine targets are not practical for the study of large number of targets A systematic bioinformatics approach is therefore necessary to manage and handle such large data for ... risk of dengue virus infection Estimated 50-100 million cases of DF, and hundreds of thousands of cases of severe forms (DHF or DSS) occur annually (Whitehead et al., 2007) Despite decades of effort, ... small number of peptidic targets is important for the study of vaccine formulation targeting protection of a broad population Future developments will require a combination of both bioinformatics...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:20

... Biological gene delivery systems (viral vectors) The design of efficient vectors for vaccine development and cancer gene therapy is an area of intensive research Page of 20 Live vectors (attenuated ... consisting of two doses of DNA with EP [10] Actually, this approach might be very attractive because it would eliminate the need for two different types of vaccine For example, the use of a DNA vaccine ... non -viral delivery systems (Non-physical delivery methods) including: Biological gene delivery systems (viral vectors) Non-biological gene delivery systems (non -viral vectors) such as: 2.1 Cationic lipids/liposomes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... structure of the virus and the existence of the proviral form make it easy to manipulate retroviruses to make replication defective vectors for transfer of heterologous gene sequences The proviral form, ... potential of retroviral vectors From the known mechanisms of retroviral pathogenesis discussed above the most obvious pathogenic potential of retroviral vectors is (i) the production of a replication ... in the case of oncogenic retroviral vectors, principally because viral titres were low, because of high rates of repair of the SIN deletion [13,89] and because of negative effects of the SIN deletion...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... tumour regression of the injected lesion was seen in three subjects providing proof -of- concept for this gene therapy approach All subsequent trials have utilized adenoviral vectors for gene transfer ... unlimited capacity for insertion of therapeutic genes, forecasting the promising future for the development of ever powerful vectors Conclusion The unique pathophysiology of solid tumours presents ... unaffected and capable of re-growing Fourth, preexisting immunity pose a problem for the efficacy of viral vectors Therefore, there have rarely been any cures with the use of the system http://www.gvt-journal.com/content/6/1/8...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... pSM155 and pSM30 vectors generate efficient knockdown of target proteins To examine the efficiency of generation of RNAi for pSM155 and pSM30, we examined the knockdown of expression of firefly Luciferase ... efficiency for the downstream ORF in unprocessed pri-miRNAs However, expression of the marker (regardless of the placement location) could only occur at the expense of failure of cleavage of primiRNA ... success of these vectors using a synthetic intron also indicates that the conserved sequences for mRNA splicing (5¢ donor, branch, and 3¢ acceptor sites) suffice for the efficient processing of pri-miRNAs...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... The amplifier gain was set at 1.00 for forward scattering; the detector voltage was set to E00 for forward scattering and 600 V for FL1, and the threshold for forward scattering was set at 52 The ... Detection system for protein–protein interactions A B C Fig Schematic outline of gene construction (A) Structural features of the yeast endogenous Gc gene (STE18), and design of the Gc–Fc fusion ... localizes to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and that this localization is required for G-protein signaling (Fig 1) Formation of Gc mutants by deletion of their lipidation sites completely...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... 9 As for the poor accuracy for RECREATION, LIVand MEDIA, we found that it was due to either the ambiguous nature of the words of domain or a characteristic of the estimation method The former ... accuracy for MEDIA That is, some words of MEDIA are often used in other live coverage is often contexts For example, used in the SPORTS context On the other hand, the method worked poorly for RECREATION ... domain of unknown words except for words that are ambiguous in terms of domains and those that appear frequently in web sites of companies Among our future work is to deal with domain information of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... dictionaries which provide a richer set of semantic role information of verbal heads, l° It is interesting to see that even at this early stage of our project the results of this shallow analysis are quite ... remainder of 47 clauses already has a success-rate of 44.7% Improvements of the system components before the mapping stage as well as to the mapper itself will further increase the mapping performance ... funded in part by grants of the Verbmobil project of the Federal Republic of Germany, ATR - Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories of Japan, and the US Departmeat of Defense References...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20