conglomerate firms and internal capital markets

... Budgeting   251 9: Cost of Capital   291 10: Profit, Break-Even, and Leverage   317 11: Depreciation and Taxes   343 vi  ❧  Contents 12: Capital Budgeting: The Basics   363 13: Capital Budgeting: Applications   ... teamwork Spreadsheets, databases, and special software are the “nuts and bolts” of ERP and other systems that link computer networks and telecommunication systems and that create extended teams ... financial and cost accounting systems Shareholders, investors, analysts, and creditors, as well as the company’s upper and lower levels of managers, rely on the accuracy and timeliness of the data and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2017, 11:27

... Games of chance such as roulette wheels, dice, and slot machines, exhibit random behavior Copyright © 2000, Decisioneering, Inc All rights reserved The random behavior in games of chance is similar ... from the distributions and thus calculates multiple scenarios During a single simulation, or trial, Crystal Ball randomly selects a value from each of the distributions and enters it into the ... held positions as a Program Manager and as a trainer in Monte Carlo modeling and simulation Mr Goldman holds an MS in Geology from the University of Cincinnati and a BA from Cornell University Copyright...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:08

... substrates Materials and methods Materials Sodium salt and free acid forms of oleic, stearic and arachidonic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Kft (Budapest, Hungary) and stock solutions ... mean (symbols) and standard deviation (cross-lines) of four measurements Lines represent best global fit of the data set to the equation of Model I described in the Materials and methods The ... limit below the estimated Km value and upper limit at least 5-fold higher than the Km estimate) The final best estimates of the catalytic constant (kp) and the Km, and their confidence intervals, are...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... corresponds to a standard error of × 10−3 Instead, one could generate normal random variates with mean and variance 1, density g say, and employ the likelihood ratio between this and the standard normal ... both in their risk management practice and regulatory reporting As a result firms should make “informed business decisions understanding the impact of risk and capital on the firm” The third pillar ... 4), where Z is a standard normal distribution To estimate this naively by MC simulation, first 1,000,000 standard normal random variates are simulated and from this sample the standard MC estimator...

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2017, 08:57

... gypsum and clinker (PC30, PC40 and PC50), mixture Portland cement - more additive components such as furnace slag, coal ash… on Portland cement (PCB30, PCB40, and PCB50), salt-tolerant cement, and ... in hand The role of cash budgeting in manufacturing firms The cash budget is management’s approximation of cash on hand at the beginning of a budget period and the estimated cash inflows and ... activities:  Production and distribution of cement and clinker;  Other products and services • Breakdown of sales by products and services for the year 2014, 2015 and the first months of 2016...

Ngày tải lên: 27/09/2016, 20:35

... where x1, x2 and x3 are input quanti‐ ties, u ( x1), u ( x2) and u ( x3) are their respective uncertainties and y and u ( y ) are the measurand and its uncertainty, re‐ spectively; and b) propagation ... for minPvalue, j and meanPvalue, j , and the minimal values for AICj and BICj across the datasets for each distribution type The bold and the italic values are the best one and the worst one ... helps the evolution and dynamics of the globalization of markets The ISO IEC 17025:2005 standard [1], for example, describes harmonized policies and procedures for testing and calibration laboratories...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... averaging in random systems 5.4.2 Parallel tempering: a general method to better equilibrate systems with complex energy landscapes 5.4.3 Random fields and random bonds 5.4.4 Spin glasses and optimization ... to write and debug programs, take and analyze data, and prepare a report Each report should briefly describe the algorithm used, provide sample data and data analysis, draw conclusions and add ... conclude that PðAi and/ or Aj Þ ½PðAi Þ þ PðAj ފ We call Ai and Aj ‘mutually exclusive’ events, if and only if the occurrence of Ai implies that Aj does not occur and vice versa Then PðAi and Aj Þ ¼...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... of light materials (such as paper, plastic, aluminum and thin stainless steel), and the results between the data of theoretical simulation and those of experimental measurements are compared together ... results and drawing of graphs are done by software of Origin The fitted equations and saturation thicknesses of 97% for each material are listed in Table 2, where I is pulse count rate (cps) and ... that describe dependence between counting rate and mass thickness are shown in Figure 5, 6, 7, and for white paper, yellow paper, plastic, aluminum and steel, respectively Fig Vertical drawing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... power and software tools continue to improve, and once both business managers and project managers realize the value and practical applicability of Monte Carlo simulation to their projects and ... Kwak and Lisa Ingall Risk Management 47 research, engineering, geophysics, meteorology, computer applications, public health studies, and finance Biolog y and bioc hemistry In the biology and biochemistry, ... Kwak and Lisa Ingall Risk Management 49 Monte Carlo simulation can also be used in other areas of project management, primarily in program and portfolio management when making capital budgeting and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... stepsize and photon weighting Photon position has been verified after each step If the photon is internally reflected and still in the sample, it is possibly absorbed and then the absorption and photon’s ... s and g by Monte Carlo simulations with different milk concentrations is presented in Fig 11 By increasing the concentrations, both absorption and scattering coefficients increase gradually and ... stepsize of the photon, s , is calculated based on a random sampling of the probability density function for s : − ln ξ s= (1) µt where ξ is a random variable with the value in the range (0, 1] generated...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 13:20

... of light materials (such as paper, plastic, aluminum and thin stainless steel), and the results between the data of theoretical simulation and those of experimental measurements are compared together ... results and drawing of graphs are done by software of Origin The fitted equations and saturation thicknesses of 97% for each material are listed in Table 2, where I is pulse count rate (cps) and ... that describe dependence between counting rate and mass thickness are shown in Figure 5, 6, 7, and for white paper, yellow paper, plastic, aluminum and steel, respectively Fig Vertical drawing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 08:17

... group, and one of the four heterocyclic nitrogenous bases The latter consists of purine bases (adenine (A) and guanine (G)) and pyrimidines (thymine (T) and cytosine (C)) In the double-stranded ... practitioner needs to find a suitable random number generator to match the algorithm and computer for optimum performance and accuracy of the simulations As stated by Landau and Binder ([83], p33): 2.5 ... the standard quality test protocols as reviewed by Landau and Binder ([83], p36): • Uniformity Test: Divide the interval between zero and one into a large number of small intervals (or bins) and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:16

... interactions due to both electronic and nuclear spin are generally too small to be considered in the context of intermolecular forces, and they are often safely and reasonably neglected Organic ... in either molecule as charge distributions and hence the electrical environmentof the molecules constantly shift Lower energy states become favoured, and the result is an overall attraction force ... ™—tegoryD espe™i—lly in ions —nd highly pol—r mole™ulesF  Electrostatic Probably the most basic and easily analysable of all molecular forces, this energy arises from the classical Coulombic interaction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... using simple colloidal models 4    Chapter Introduction (Hagen and Frenkel, 1994; Pagan and Gunton, 2005; Lutsko and Nicolis, 2005 and Brandon et al., 2006) 1.4 Research Objectives As studies on protein ... and 36–18 potentials in the ρσ − kT / ε representation [(a) and (b)] and the ρσ − B22 / v0 representation [(c) and (d)] The Boltzmann constant is denoted by k here Adapted from Vliegenthart and ... given by (Hiemenz and Rajagopalan, 1997; Vlachy, 1993; Coen et al., 1995, Frederico and Sandler, 1997): uR = A *σ exp [− (κr − κσ / )] r (1 + κσ / ) (2.7) with the parameters A* and κ * are defined...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:06

... a random sample from 𝑁 (0, 1), we can generate a random sample from [0, 1] first Statistical randomness does not necessarily imply ‘true’ randomness, i.e., objective unpredictability Pseudorandomness ... are Δ𝑆 = 𝜇𝑆Δ𝑡 + 𝜎𝑆Δ𝑧 (2.7) and Δ𝑓 = ( ∂𝑓 ∂ 2𝑓 2 ∂𝑓 ∂𝑓 𝜇𝑆 + + 𝜎 𝑆 )Δ𝑡 + 𝜎𝑆Δ𝑧 ∂𝑆 ∂𝑡 ∂𝑆 ∂𝑆 (2.8) where Δ𝑆 and Δ𝑓 are the changes in 𝑆 and 𝑓 in a small time interval Δ𝑡 As 𝑆 and 𝑓 has the same underlying, ... pricing belongs to Fisher Black and Myron Scholes (1973), and Robert Merton (1973) Scholes and Merton were awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1997 for their landmark contributions We will...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:35

... observations In general A will range between 0.013 and 0.06, P1 between 0.3 and 4.0, P2 between 0.1 and 0.9, Y between 0.1 and 2.5 and S between 0.013 and 0.017nm-1 Also, to be consistent with field ... variance between two random processes Xi and Xi+k versus k…………………………….58 xi Figure Types of correlation………………………………… 58 Figure Random coordinate plot 1……………………………59 Figure 10 Random coordinate plot ... how the relative difference between nonuniform and homogeneous ocean values of Rrs(445) and Rrs(555) h and σ for various values of zmax ,Chlo ,h and σ ………………………… 103 Figure 29 Example results...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 12:54

... trả kết ở dạng truyền thống toán (traditional form) Lưu ý dạng đòi hỏi thông dịch dạng chuẩn (standard form) nb dạng xác cho máy tính Lệnh sau tính tích phân đưa kết dạng toán học truyền thống ... t]//TraditionalForm Nếu biểu thức trả chưa có dạng đơn giản ta sử dụng thêm lệnh sau để thu biểu thứ đơn giản ExpandAll[FullSimplify[ExpToTrig[%]]] 1.8 1.8.1 Đạo hàm tích phân Đạo hàm Đạo hàm riêng phần hàm theo...

Ngày tải lên: 15/10/2016, 17:07

... Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and ... Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, ... numbers and random variables A random variable is a quantity that results from a repeatable process and whose actual values (realisations) cannot be predicted with certainty In the real world, randomness...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2016, 10:38

... interval t t + t it moves by amounts x = Z1 t and y = Z2 t along the x and y axes where Z1 and Z2 are independent standard normal random variables and and are specified positive constants The aim ... importance and stratified sampling I hope in Sections 6.4.2 and 6.5 that I have provided a more direct and accessible way of deriving and applying such variance reduction methods to Asian and basket ... independent times between starting at the point x0 y0 and landing in the treacle The function ‘stats[random,normald](1)’ creates a random standard normal deviate (b) Plot a histogram showing the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20