condensins chromatin remodeling and gene transcription

... signal (NLS) and also acts as a hinge between the C and E/F domain Apart from ligand binding and transcriptional activation, E/F domain also interacts with co-regulators via the AF-2 region and contributes ... transducer and activator of transcription (PIAS1) and PIAS3 respectively These modifications require the presence of estrogen and can result in increased DNA binding affinity and transcriptional ... dimerizes and binds ERE, followed by recruitment of the basal transcriptional machinery to stimulate gene transcription (Bai & Gust, 2009) 1.3 General co-regulators of ER-mediated transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:20

... critical general transcription factors and co-activators, including general transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) [31], Kin28 (a C-terminal-domain kinase of TFIIH) [32], the Taf9 subunit of TFIID and Spt-Ada-Gcn5 ... Sakurai and Y Enoki SWI ⁄ SNF complexes are recruited to both the promoter and coding regions, and histones are acetylated and displaced [56–58] However, the presence of SAGA and SWI ⁄ SNF, and a ... induced genes It is possible that the opposing activities of histone acetylase and deacetylase modulate chromatin structure and fine-tune transcription [58] The histone chaperones Asf1, Spt6 and Spt16...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... factor’ and that it can have either a negative or a positive effect on the transcription of a specific gene They identified 306 ‘supercoiling-sensitive genes’, and the expression of most of these genes ... two studies on gene expression in human chromosomes that showed clustering of highly expressed genes [6,7] The topic of chromatin structure and gene expression in eukaryotes has generated considerably ... data of Jeong et al [1] and Peter et al [2] The atlas was constructed using the Genewiz software [21] DNA topoisomerase genes are underlined, and the replication origin and terminus are marked...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... achieve this remodeling Moved to expression Taking a step back from the analysis of chromatin remodeling at this level, Wendy Bickmore (MRC Human Genetics Unit) proposed that clustering of genes with ... but also of other genes close by For example, ␤-globin is surrounded by ‘off’ genes and has to move before it can express, whereas ␣-globin is surrounded by ‘active’ genes and stays within its ... presence of DNA damage Epigenetic regulation Epigenetic regulation deals with reversible changes to DNA or the state of chromatin that have long-term influences on gene expression DNA methylation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... RhoA GTPase and p38 in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the CTGF/CCN2 gene In order to determine whether CTGF/CCN2 expression occurs via increased transcription and/ or by ... absence and in the presence of RhoA GTPase and p38 inhibitors (Y-27632 and SB-203580, respectively) As shown in Fig 9A, the CTGF/CCN2 gene transcription rate was increased by 85, 140 and 240% ... transcripts and the role of RhoA GTPase and p38 signaling in such a regulation, nuclear run-on assays and message stability analyses were carried out The transcription rate of the CTGF/CCN2 gene was...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... loading and first strand synthesis with forward primer, 5¢-ATGTTTGAGACCTTCAACAC-3¢, and reverse primer, 5¢-CACGTCACACTTCATGAT GGA-3¢ then excised from PCR2.1 by digestion with HindIII and SalI and ... AGA GCC CTT TTG AGG TAC CTC AGA Results Mapping the transcription start site of fgl2 gene To map the transcription start site of the fgl2 gene and exclude any 5¢-mRNA sequence diversity we employed ... both Sp1 and Sp3 (10 ng, right panel) and assay of promoter activity of wild-type (pfgl2 ()1320/+9) and linker-scanning mutant and following cotransfection with 10 ng of pPacUSp1, pPacUSp3, and pPacUEts-1...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... (2002) The nucleolar remodeling complex NoRC mediates heterochromatin formation and silencing of ribosomal gene transcription Nat Genet 32, 393–396 Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S ... action of actin and myosin in the nucleus is required for Pol I transcription and reveals an actomyosin-based mechanism in transcription Actin serves as components of chromatin- remodeling complexes ... as the Nu4A and TIP60 complexes, and INO80 complexes b-Actin is an integral component of chromatin- remodeling complexes, such as the BAF, BAP and INO80 complexes, as well as Nu4A and TIP60 complexes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... templates TATAWtUTRmut and TATAmutUTRmut) We found that both TBP (Fig 2A, compare lanes and 5) and the R2 TATA-box (Fig 2A, compare lanes and 3) were absolutely required for transcription from the ... Sequences downstream from the R2 transcription start site interact with proteins and affect R2 transcription (A) Comparison of the mouse and human R2 DNA sequences around their transcription start sites ... TATAWtUTRmut R2-G-less cassette reporter gene (lanes 4–6) and monoclonal antiTAFII135 antibodies Lanes and 4, no antibody added to the in vitro transcription reaction; lanes and 5, lL of 300-fold diluted...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... Constitutive Fas ligand gene transcription in Sertoli cells is regulated by Sp1 J Biol Chem 274, 7756–7762 34 Lei, N & Heckert, L.L (2002) Sp1 and Egr1 regulate transcription of the Dmrt1 gene in Sertoli ... Finger Gene (MZF1) (TCCCCTT) (see Fig 2A) The gene segment )181/+126 also maintains a moderate transcription activity (sixfold), and within this region it contains one DNA motif for Sp1 and one ... )194/)164 or )138/)119 (Sp1) and )30/)14 (E2F) of the mouse Mer promoter The two protein complexes identified are labelled a and b in (B), and a, b and c in (C) Lanes and show the results of binding...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... histones Chromatin remodeling and the unwinding activity of helicases are required for many aspects of DNA metabolism: replication, recombination, chromatin packaging and transcription Chromatin- remodeling ... E26 oncogene homolog (Ets2), Ets-like gene (Elk1), Ets translocation variant (ER81) and Etsrelated molecule (ERM) [15–17] The ets genes encode Regulation of the presenilin gene a family of transcription ... GAL4 BD and AD and activating transcription of a reporter gene containing a GAL upstream activating element ERM-containing baits were generated by PCR amplification with Pfu polymerase (Stratagene,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 09:20

... the local chromatin infrastructure through recruitment of HAT- and possibly HDAC-enzymes in the course of myogenesis CHROMATIN REMODELING IN MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION Chromatin structure and nucleosomal ... the transcriptional induction of myoD and myf5 genes ? SHH TGF-ß Wnt/ß-Catenin Myf5 ? MyoD G0 Arrest MRF 4/ Myogenin MEF-2 Myozyte Myotube Differentiation Muscle Structural Genes ? Chromatin Remodeling ... chromosomal 5S rRNA gene transcription in vivo by histone H1 Genes Dev 8, 1147–1159 29 Kandolf, H (1994) The H1A histone variant is an in vivo repressor of oocyte-type 5S gene transcription in Xenopus...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... understand the relationship between chromatin dynamics and NER, it is crucial to elucidate effects of chromatin structure on DNA damage formation and to investigate NER processes at the chromatin ... damage recognition and dual incision (XPA, XPC-hHR23B, RPA, TFIIH, XPG and XPF–ERCC1) and other factors for repair DNA synthesis and ligation (PCNA, RFC, DNA polymerase a or d and DNA ligase I) ... purified system [41], and histone acetylation has only modest effects on nucleosome structure and accessibility [1,6,44] Thus ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are likely candidates for assisting...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... regulators, methods for the preparation and analysis of histone modifying and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, and assays for transcription and DNA repair on chromatin templates We are exceedingly ... reconstitution and analysis, and cytological methods for imaging chromatin functions in vivo Volume 376 includes electron microscopy and biophysical protocols for visualizing chromatin and detecting chromatin ... Visualization and 3D Structure Determination of Defined Sequence Chromatin and Chromatin Remodeling Complexes By Rachel A Horowitz-Scherer and Christopher L Woodcock Recent progress in preparing and purifying...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 01:17

... includes genetic assays of histones and chromatin regulators, methods for the preparation and analysis of histone modifying and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, and assays for transcription ... Health and Human Development, Unit on Chromatin and Transcription, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Sonja Ghidelli (14), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Unit on Chromatin and Transcription, ... P Jambeck, M E Churchill, and C D Allis, Genes Dev 12, 627 (1998) 11 T Jenuwein and C D Allis, Science 293, 1074 (2001) 6 chromatin modification and remodeling [1] and histone modifiers are examined...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 01:19

... includes genetic assays of histones and chromatin regulators, methods for the preparation and analysis of histone modifying and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, and assays for transcription ... visualizing chromatin and detecting chromatin interactions, enzymological assays for histone modifying enzymes, and immunochemical protocols for the in situ detection of histone modifications and chromatin ... and defined chromatin segments, protocols for nucleosome reconstitution and analysis, and cytological methods for imaging chromatin functions in vivo Volume 376 includes electron microscopy and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 02:02

... and sequential reduction in CD3δ, CD3ε and CD3ζ genes transcription, going on after early viral genes silencing Our experiments also demonstrate that these phenomena occur through chromatin remodeling ... and Sp3 transcription factor binding to TRE-I repeat III participates in the regulation of HTLV-I viral gene expression[39] On the other hand, epigenetic mechanisms are responsible of HTLV-Igenes ... accessibility to its transcriptional regulation region Chromatin studies: analysis of DNase I hypersensitivity sites in the CD3γ/CD3δ gene region The human CD3γ, CD3δ and CD3ε genes are located...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... and sequential reduction in CD3δ, CD3ε and CD3ζ genes transcription, going on after early viral genes silencing Our experiments also demonstrate that these phenomena occur through chromatin remodeling ... and Sp3 transcription factor binding to TRE-I repeat III participates in the regulation of HTLV-I viral gene expression[39] On the other hand, epigenetic mechanisms are responsible of HTLV-Igenes ... accessibility to its transcriptional regulation region Chromatin studies: analysis of DNase I hypersensitivity sites in the CD3γ/CD3δ gene region The human CD3γ, CD3δ and CD3ε genes are located...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... housekeeping genes to normalize EBV gene transcription in BL cell lines The first step in quantifying gene transcription is to identify genes that can be used as controls Internal control genes, often ... EBV infection on Zta and EBV gene transcription Effect of4 Effect of induction of lytic EBV infection on Zta and EBV gene transcription (A) Western blot showing protein transcription levels of ... analysis of EBV gene transcription in cultured BL cell lines at steady state Quantitative analysis of EBV gene transcription in cultured BL cell lines at steady state EBV gene transcription levels...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... modifications and suggest that chromatin features regulate transcription of coding genes and microRNAs in a similar fashion As more and more genome-wide ChIP-Seq and RNASeq data are going to be generated ... first and the second genes Moreover, on average the first genes are two-fold and three-fold more highly expressed than the second genes and the last genes, respectively Taken together, although genes ... and MRG-4 show stronger positive correlation with autosomal gene expression Unsupervised clustering reveals general activating and repressing chromatin features for individual genes As some chromatin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... used to manipulate the basal transcriptional machinery and the chromatin structure through altering their acetylation and methylation status and thereby regulating gene expression [8] In addition, ... changes and disease Mi-2α/β and mSin3a coordinate the construction of co-repressor complexes to deliver transcriptional repressors including HDAC1/2 and methyl transferases to the site of gene transcription ... mSin3a and Mi-2α/β are key in bringing functional co-repressors such as HDAC1/2 to sequence specific transcription factors and thereby allowing functional repression of gene transcription and a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20