classes in language modeling

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... be used in the construction. That is, beginning with only characters in the lexi- con and using the training data to alter the current lexicon in each iteration. This is also an interesting direction. References Maximilian ... constraints to combine phonemes into short chunks while the language model combines phonemes into longer chunks by more global con- straints. However, it’s almost impossible to include all words into ... such information. With the baseline lexicon, we performed the EM algorithm as in Table 2 to train the trigram LM. Here we used a 313 MB LM training corpus, which contains text news articles in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... from the given training set repeatedly. Then, each training sample set is used to train a certain discrimina- tive function. Finally, the final weight vector in the discriminative function is ... by first using the flat learning strat- egy to learn the discriminative functions for indi- vidual classes and then iteratively combining the two most related classes using the cosine similar- ity ... according to human intuition, such as the one in the ACE RDC 2003 corpus. In order to explore more commonality among sibling classes, we make use of binary hierarchical clustering for sibling classes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:25

... more quickly and retain the learned materials better in a stress-free and comfortable environment. The benefits of using games in language- learning can be summed up in nine points. Games • are ... a meaningful context for language use. • increase learning motivation. • reduce learning anxiety. • integrate various linguistic skills. • encourage creative and spontaneous use of language. ... together and communicate using English with each other. Furthermore, by integrating playing and learning, students practiced the learned linguistic knowledge in a vivid and meaningful context. Many...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... understanding of Hispanic cultures and develop communicative proficiency and accuracy in the Spanish language. Students will participate in more complex language tasks through reading, writing, ... students in Strozier Library. You can print from the computers in the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics' laboratory if you purchase a ream of paper and take it to the lab in Diffenbaugh ... Note: A passing grade for SPN 3332 is a C- (70%). Meeting with the instructor: I am available to meet with you during my office hours and by appointment. If you are unable to see me during the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 23:20

... Computa- tional Linguistics. Colin Cherry and Chris Quirk. 2008. Discriminative, syntactic language modeling through latent SVMs. In Proceedings of The Association for Machine Transla- tion in the Americas. David ... n-best parsing and maxent discriminative rerank- ing. In Proceedings of the Association for Computa- tional Linguistics. Eugene Charniak. 2000. A maximum-entropy-inspired parser. In Proceedings of ... We also show fluency improvements in a pre- liminary machine translation reranking experiment. 2 Treelet Language Modeling The common denominator of most n-gram language models is that they assign...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... continues with the next epoch. 3 Language Modeling Language modeling is important for many text pro- cessing applications, e.g., speech recognition or ma- chine translation, as well as for the kind ... Fried-Oken. 2010. Scanning methods and language modeling for binary switch typing. In Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Speech and Language Pro- cessing for Assistive Technologies, pages ... be- come highly predictable in certain contexts, partic- ularly word-internally. In applications where text generation/typing speed is very slow, the impact of language modeling can become much more...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20

... non-terminals associated with lexical items. In 3(b), each word in the string is asso- ciated with the beginning or continuation of a shal- low phrase or “chunk” in the tree. We include any non-terminals ... overtraining than standard acoustic models, this goes a long way to- ward making the training conditions similar to test- ing conditions. Similar procedures were used to train the parsing and tagging ... training utter- ance was processed by the baseline ASR system. In a naive approach, we would simply train the base- line system (i.e., an acoustic model and language model) on the entire training...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... de- scriptions in conveying emotion, obtaining a deeper understanding of the associations between colors, concepts and emotions may be helpful for many tasks in language understanding and gener- ation. ... Malaysia, envy in Belgium, love and happiness in Japan; red is associated with luck in China and Denmark, but with bad luck in Nigeria and Ger- many and reflects ambition and desire in India. Some ... lexicon links concepts, color terms and emotions to spe- cific RGB values. This lexicon may help to dis- ambiguate objects when modeling conversational interactions in many domains. We have examined the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... learners work in their teaching and learning of second/foreign language. Indeed, the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web in second and foreign language instruction has been increasingly recognized. ... communication in the target language, including composing and exchanging messages with other students in the classroom or around the world” (Oxford, 1990, p. 79). By involving in an email exchange ... include the investment in training. The use of the Internet in language teaching and learning requires some technological knowledge and computer skills from both teachers and learners. Insufficient...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... available. Coding and Code Compression In large measure the coding problems arising in MT and in library work are the same as those occurring in other branches of communi- cation engineering. The ... finite resolving power; it is not the result of an intrinsically indeterminate use of a discrete set of symbols however compli- cated. This being so, language can certainly be described in ... finite value only within a restricted region. If we deal in 'areas of mean- ing' instead of in point-like 'right' and 'wrong' meanings, there are indeed definite...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... set to converse with every other individual in the population in a preprocessing minor cycle. (Newborn HISTORICAL CHANGE IN LANGUAGE 79 changes in a language. For example, can the simulation ... for a fraction in the range 0-1, implementing the event only if that number were in the range 0-0.2. In evaluating the predictions of a system incorporat- ing such decision-making devices, ... has finished learning to speak, but, rather, to the end of his life, the speaker keeps on doing the very things which make up infantile language- learning . . . Every speak- er's language, ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Structur- ing Probabilistic Dependences in Stochastic Language Modeling. Computer, Speech and Language, 8:1–38. B. Roark, M. Saraclar, and M. Collins. 2007. Discrimi- native n-gram Language Modeling. ... to Adaptive Statistical Language Modeling. Computer, Speech and Language, 10:187–228. A. Stolcke. 2002. SRILM – An Extensible Language Modeling Toolkit. In Proceedings of the 7th Inter- national Conference ... to Natural Language Processing. Computational Linguistics, 22(1):39–71. L. Bottou. 2004. Stochastic Learning. In Advanced Lectures on Machine Learning, Lecture Notes in Ar- tificial Intelligence,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... have access to syntactic information m then it-has to complete its task by planning in- line, during real- ization. And in- line planning usually requires only a single decision, a selection ... tive planning. The kinds of tasks suited to each planning style are listed, and a program that uses both styles is described. 1 Introduction PAULINE (Planning And Uttering Language In Natural ... otherwise interpret its input elements, either individually or in groups, as instances of other representation elements. But finding new interpretations can be very dlt~cult; in general, this task...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... considerable freedom of choice. Among the less interesting dimensions are dialect and genre (sub-languages pertaining to particular do- mains, for example legal language or sports talk), because they ... vo- cabulary instead of Mlowing for variation: the fact that what Americans call a lightning rod is a light- ning conductor in British English does not imply a meaningful (in particular, ... ways of expressing the same message. Linguists interested in style, as, for instance, Crystal and Davy [1969], have analyzed the relationships between situational parameters (in 2In NLG, collocation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20