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... hands and feet in a posterior-anterior projection was performed within a month of the US X-rays of both hands and feet (2nd–5th MCP, PIP, DIP, and MTP joints) were assessed for bone erosions and ... PIP, and 60 DIP joints) and 150 MTP joints; rheumatoid arthritis = 20 fingers (20 MCP, 20 PIP, and 20 DIP joints) and 50 MTP joints; and healthy control persons = 20 fingers (20 MCP, 20 PIP, and ... were in the non-MRIexamined hand However, x-ray erosions (all in PsA: MCP and DIP joints) and proliferations (both PsA: DIP joints) were located in the MRI-examined hand and were not registered by...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... good to acceptable muscular quality (stade 0, and according to Goutallier and normal or hypertrophic) and one with bad muscular quality (stade and and absent or hypotrophic) The state of the tendons ... relationship between the rotator cuff status on the one hand and medialization, vertical erosion of the glenoid [16] and acetabularization [11] on the other hand This relativates the statement of Visotsky ... through point and parallel to the Bline [13,17,29]; acromial thickness: measured in mm at the most thin part; medialisation and ascention: measured in mm between marking points m and 5, measured...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... good to acceptable muscular quality (stade 0, and according to Goutallier and normal or hypertrophic) and one with bad muscular quality (stade and and absent or hypotrophic) The state of the tendons ... relationship between the rotator cuff status on the one hand and medialization, vertical erosion of the glenoid [16] and acetabularization [11] on the other hand This relativates the statement of Visotsky ... through point and parallel to the Bline [13,17,29]; acromial thickness: measured in mm at the most thin part; medialisation and ascention: measured in mm between marking points m and 5, measured...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... fifth MCP joints and the second to fifth PIP joints of the dominant hand: the dorsal, radial and palmar aspects of the second MCP joint; the dorsal and palmar aspects of the third and fourth MCP ... radiography and clinical examination and comparable to the information provided by MRI Materials and methods Patients We examined a total of 158 second to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and 140 ... absence of bone erosions (Figures and 2) and each joint was assessed for the presence or absence of signs of inflammation (joint effusion and synovitis; Figures and 3) The following definitions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 09:20

... GDM and JJ designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft of the paper WHY collected the data and assisted data analysis RCKC conceived and designed the study, and ... our results and the original as well Peng et al BMC Psychiatry 2011, 11:129 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/129 Page of Table Means and Standard Deviations for subscales and total scores ... expert committee review on the relevance and representation of items used for the final outcome setting, and (5) pilot testing and probe to get at understanding of item [18] After having received...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:22

... genetic, and biochemical factors associated with the development and progression of OA at multiple sites (hand, knee, hip, and spine) Subjects between the ages of 50 and 80 years where randomly ... individual and examine the association between changes in WOMAC scores (pain, function, and stiffness) and continuous changes in BML size Standard diagnostic checks of model adequacy and unusual ... surface, going up and down stairs, at night while in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright These ranged from to Subjects also completed a questionnaire on medication use at baseline and the first...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... 3430 BE Nieuwegein The Netherlands zoethout@rijnhuizen.nl X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems A Erko, M Idir, Th Krist, and A.G Michette Abstract Although X-rays and neutrons can provide different ... good working distance between the optics and the sample, and are expected to become standard elements in synchrotron beamline instrumentation in general and in high energy X-ray microscopy in particular ... friendly, easy accessable and easy-to-learn program for everyday use with a minimum effort on data and file handling Alternative to these programs based on intensity distributions and geometric optics,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... two positional (x and y with respect to the beam axis or a laboratory reference axis), two angular (δx and δy with respect to the same axis) dimensions and wavelength (velocity, energy) The result ... shown in Fig 3.10c and the spectra of incoming and transmitted (selected) beam are plotted in Fig 3.10d Fig 3.10 Divergence-wavelength plots (a and b) of a beam transmitted by a velocity selector, ... right-handed, χ = 90◦ corresponds to a deviation to the right, when looking with the beam and a p-polarisation geometry (polarisation plane parallel to reflection plane) Similarly χ = 180◦ and 270◦,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... 20 and 30 for horizontal and vertical focusing, respectively For the parabolic guide, the respective numbers were 14 and 22 Gaps between the blades and focal distances were defined by entrance and ... second and further reflections inside a Ge crystal, reflection 511, mosaicity η = , and deformation corresponding to a temperature gradient along y-axis, |∇G|/G = 0.1 m−1 On the right hand, simulated ... containing the acceleration and velocity terms [3] The exponent phase in (5.2) can be expanded into a series, taking into account the relativistic motion of the electron, and assuming small transverse...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... present a very high potential for refractive optics such as Be and diamond However beryllium is difficult to handle and machine, and thus Be refractive optics has been developed only for the field ... Xmin = 20 mm (a) and X = 10 mm (b) The vertical intensity distribution just at the exit of the WG and at a distance from the waveguide end corresponding to xdif for X = 20 mm (c) and X = 10 mm (d) ... wall, and the second one, M2 (x, y), represents a lateral plane wave propagating in the wall material along the material–vacuum interface 0X, with the enhanced phase velocity Vp = c/ε1/2 and entering...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... σ2 , (9.3) where δ and σ are the bandwidth limited values of the rms values of the slope error (δ) and the roughness (σ) given by [2] 1/W δ = (2π) dfx S1 (fx )fx (9.4) 1/L and 1/λ σ2 = dfx S1 ... L:S-ratio, zone width, wavelength of 2.4 nm and chemical elements optimal efficiency values of 23.2, 16.5, and 14.4% at optimal zone heights of 270, 350, and 470 nm, respectively Therefore, good agreement ... germanium, and silicon zone plates with a line-to-space ratio of L:S = 20 nm:20 nm and a rectangular zone profile as a function of the zone height Parameters: unslanted zone structures and imaging...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... (a) and the 0.6 μm pinhole (b) With the 1.7 and 0.6 μm pinholes, respectively, wavefront focus terms (c) and (d), residual absolute wavefronts (e) and (f), and repeatability measurements (g) and ... CCD and the desired performance of the sensor in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, dynamic, and spatial resolution HWS are totally achromatic, offer a much better performance, and are robust and ... surface, which is recognized and measured in the direct measurement, is superimposed onto the generated diagonal and correspondingly onto the entire array of x- and ydata, yielding the genuine...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... wide energy band depends essentially on the thickness precision of all layers and on the smoothness, homogeneity, and sharpness of all interfaces It is therefore easy to understand how, in order ... or /and the energy resolution, e.g., for narrow-band multilayers used as monochromators Therefore, the reflectivity scan of a multilayer is very sensitive to thickness drifts and irregularities, and ... good working distance between the optics and the sample, and are expected to become standard elements in synchrotron beamlines instrumentation in general and in high energy X-ray microscopy in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... micro- and nanofocusing and in imaging by absorption and phase contrast [121] In combination with tomography, 3D imaging of opaque media with sub-micrometer resolution is possible [123] The Be and ... expansion, and high heat conductivity [139, 140] These lenses are mechanically robust and can withstand the high heat load of the white beam produced by the ESRF in vacuum undulators and from future ... the following: they are very robust and small, the focal length and size are adjustable by adding or removing individual lenses, and the lenses can withstand a high heatload The lens aperture...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... imaging screens and detector systems with thin YAG:Ce and other monocrystal scintillator screens have been designed and tested Camera systems based on monocrystal scintillator, optics and CCD detector ... halves adjacent the central air gap In (b) and (c) rows 13–17 from the upper lens half and in (d) and (e) the last four rows 26–29 are shown In (a), (b), and (d) are obtained with the maximum of ... left of the bar) in (a), (c), and (e), and it is 0.2 (scale to the right of the bar) in (b) and (d) Fig 21.8 Radiographs from a clessidra lens well aligned in tilt and roll angle at different positions...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... transmission and maximum polarization and can be reliably reached 22 Neutron Supermirror Development 367 He spin filters need an expensive infrastructure and permanent maintenance and the technology ... alternatively deposited materials, h and l, with respective thickness, dh and dl , and assuming that the interfacial stress (as for instance, in the system Mo/Si and W/Si) is negligible compared ... thickness and roughness of the two individual layers and one extra layer of a mixed material at each interface XRD measurements were employed to determine the grain size and the crystallinity, and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... left-hand plot shows the layer thickness distribution and the right-hand graph shows the calculated (line) and measured reflectivities “total” reflectivity part of the spectrum (below keV) and at ... elliptical, parabolic, and flat For an elliptical surface, sin2 θ = b2 , pq (25.2) where θ is the glancing angle, b is the semiminor axis of the ellipse, and p and q are the object and image distances ... planes) the angle between the incident beam and the diffracting planes, θ0 , and the angle between the diffracted beam and diffracting planes, θh , are equal and the crystal behaves ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... diffracting planes and the surface and is taken as positive for grazing incidence The asymmetry index, b, is defined according to Matsushita and Hashizume [4] The typical values of Δθs and ωs are from ... 26.7b, is ideal [19] The second and the third crystals cancel the aberrations discussed above and the first and fourth crystals keep the direction of impinging and exit beams the same, which is ... Bragg law (1) For the cross sections CS And CS h of the incident and the diffracted beams the following holds: CS h = CS /b (26.3) ωh CS h = ω0 CS (26.4) and together with (26.2), The consequence...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... ) exp −ikh re , (28.25) where indices i,d and 0,h correspond to the incident and the diffracted waves in the vacuum and in the crystal, respectively and re is the radius-vector of the input surface ... coupling is given and modern one- and two-dimensional elements based on symmetric, asymmetric and inclined diffractions are introduced The design, the modeling of the output parameters and the experimental ... incident and diffracted beams and is given by 1/zid = 1/ze0 + 1/zeH Figure 29.2 shows an example of the angular dependence of the penetration and information depths The penetration and information...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22