charges in electric fields

... modern dielectric theory and engineering, including the lastest analysis and modeling techniques As the editor of the Power Engineering Series, I am proud to include Dielectrics in Electric Fields ... maintenance Polymer scientists are interested in understanding the role of long chain molecules in varied applications ranging from heat resistant dielectrics to selfrepairing plastics The intensity ... complex dielectric constant are explained and the influence of frequency and temperature in determining the relaxation is examined Functions for representing the complex dielectric constant in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... sphere of radius R and a dielectric constant 82 The sphere is situated in a dielectric medium extending to infinity and having a dielectric constant of S] and an external electric field is applied ... A DIELECTRIC SPHERE IMMERSED IN A DIFFERENT MEDIUM A typical problem in the application of Laplace's equation towards dielectric studies is to find the electric field inside an uncharged dielectric ... substituting equation (1.25) in (1.24) The method of finding the solution of Laplace's equation in some typical examples is shown in the following sections TM Copyright n 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... shown in the following section 2.3 THE INTERNAL FIELD To calculate the internal field we imagine a small spherical cavity at the point where the internal field is required The result we obtain varies ... local ordering in the dielectric23 It has the value of unity if we imagine a molecule to be held fixed, and the average moment of a spherical region of finite radius within an infinite specimen ... gives rise to an electric field in a direction perpendicular to E and this component is ' PcosQsmOdA dE sin - - Substituting expression (2.17) in this expression and integrating we get o ~ Hence...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... n increases s' changes with increasing COT, the curves crossing over at COT = At n=l the change in s' with increasing COT is identical to the Debye relaxaton, the material then possessing a single ... particularly in long chain polymers, a linear configuration Further, in the solid phase the dipoles are more likely to be interactive and not independent in their response to the alternating field7 ... n increases the curves become narrower and the peak value increases This behavior is consistent with that shown in fig 3.8 Let the lines joining any point on the Cole-Cole diagram to the points...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... vibrations One, along the line joining the equilibrium positions of the charges, called longitudinal optic mode (LO) and another, in a plane perpendicular to the line joining the equilibrium positions ... presence of dipoles in the vicinity Because the dipoles have finite length in real dielectrics they are more rigidly fixed, as in the case of a side group attached to the main chain of a polymer ... jumps contribute to conduction, in the limit the charge transfer to the free band being the most challenging This picture of hopping charges contributing both to dielectric relaxation and conduction...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... chlorinated PVC (CPVC) with chlorine content increasing in the range 60-65% During chlorination, the chlorine replaces the hydrogen atoms in CH2 units rather than in the CH—Cl units Chlorination increases ... in the crystalline region, or to p-loss? Such questions frequently arise in dielectric studies in interpreting experimental data Since the peak value of B" increases with decreasing crystallinity ... along the chain at intervals of about 100 main units Branches of approximately the main chain length may also exist at intervals of a few main chain lengths The degree of chain branching changes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... domain to the frequency domain involves the assumption that the current is measured in the interval to infinity, which is not attained in practice The necessity to truncate the integral to a finite ... been examined by Bergman et al (1998) The procedure adopted for transforming the frequency domain data into time domain current involves two steps: (1) Determine G(i) from e"- co data by inverse ... current-time relationship in polymers 6.7.1 ARAMID PAPER Aramid Paper which is an aromatic polyamide is a high temperature insulating material and finds increasing applications in electrical equipment...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... by taking into account the coupling that exists between individual atoms in a solid instead of assuming that each atom is a independent vibrator, TM Copyright n 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All ... fact that transport occurs within interchain of the molecule rather than within intrachain The mobilitiy of electrons in polymers is ~ 10"'° m2 V'V1 and at electric fields of 100 MV/m the drift ... which in turn is related to a decrease in free volume Increase in viscosity and intermolecular forces are also associated with the increase in molecular weight and therefore in resistivity In general...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... — ion recombination AB In considering recombination many of these processes have to be taken into account acting in combination and the decrease of electron density due to recombination has led ... E/N the energy for generating an ion-pair is a minimum resulting in a minimum sparking potential of the gas I.2A ASYMPTOTE - = • ORIGIN TANGENT LINE 0.8 A C Q STOLETOW POINT 0.6A !ô= f = 368A 0.4A ... is obtained by finding the inverse Laplace transforms of equations (8.43) and (8.44) The details of computation are explained in the following section 8.5.3 Formative Time Lags in Cylindrical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... non-uniform fields [35] Author Boeuf &Marode Sato & Tagashira Moratz et al Gas He N2 N2 Liu & Govinda Raju SF6 Field Configuration Decreasing Decreasing Decreasing & increasing Decreasing & increasing ... corona pulses tends to increase with decreasing gas pressure and increasing applied voltage Discharge cell VARIABLE GAIN AMP Calibration pulse input Fig 9-6 System for measuring electrical characteristics ... explained that the positive corona inception voltage is higher than the negative inception voltage The difference between the inception voltages increases with increasing divergence of the electric...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... in aramid paper Poling field and heating rate: A 7.9 MV/m, K/min; • 11.8 MV/m, K/min.; O 7.9 MV/m, K/min.; Q 3.9 MV/m, 2K/min.; A MV/m, 2K/min.; • 7.9 MV/m, K/min.; X i K/min (Raju, 1992, with ... to traps in which the electrons stay a long time relative to that at E The trapping level, having a single energy level c, and a single retrapping center (Fig 10.1) shows a single peak in the measured ... coefficients depend on the nature of the material; retrapping is dominant in dielectrics whereas recombination with light output dominates in thermoluminiscent materials Conduction level Forbidden energy...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... for determining P(;c) involves the following steps: The integral sign in equation (11.26) may be replaced by a summation by dividing the film into n incremental thickness, each layer having its ... thermal pulsing experiment in the double metallizing and single metallizing configurations (Collins, 1980, Am Inst Phys.) The observed properties of the electret are in general related to the internal ... densities in metal oxide conductors (MOS) and high voltage capacitors (Table 11.1) The effect of moving charges is far less in charging of the dielectric and only the trapped charges influence the internal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... electrokinetic flow is dominant over DEP and diffusion, resulting in the regime of streaming DEP At higher voltages, DEP is dominant, resulting in trapping DEP This letter describes an insulating ... delicate insulating structure constructed in a channel for the purpose of field focusing (Fig 1) A simple and effective field-focusing insulator structure is shown in Fig 1a, which 123 (a) Insulating ... illustrating the fabrication of the microfluidic device containing PDMSinsulating microstructures Microfabrication and Experimental Setup The microfluidic device containing the insulating microelectrodes...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... avoid fouling of the electrodes (also based on preliminary findings) Heat produced in the treatment chamber was recovered from the outgoing milk stream and incorporated into the incoming stream ... spore-forming bacteria 3.7 Energy saving by PEF processing Use of regenerative heat to increase the initial temperature of milk, and the enhanced killing effectiveness of PEF applied in combination ... 2001) is achieved, eliminating or reducing the legal hurdles involved in the commercial adoption of this preservation process Moreover, such increase in treatment temperature in the PEF process could...

Ngày tải lên: 14/04/2017, 14:07

... the electric field lines in the vicinity of the charged insulator in [link] noting its nonuniform charge distribution 9/12 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium A charged insulating ... most pointed The large charges created in storm clouds induce an opposite charge on a building that can result in a lightning bolt hitting the building The induced charge is bled away continually ... total electric field zero, other than at infinity? (Hint: A graphing calculator can yield considerable insight in this problem.) 10/12 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium (a) Find...

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2017, 22:42

... PRINTING HISTORY • First Edition: Printed in June of 2000 Plain-ASCII illustrations for universal computer readability • Second Edition: Printed in September of 2000 Illustrations reworked in ... to represent numbers in decimal form, digitally, using a series of circuits called ”ring counters” instead of just going with the binary numeration system, in an effort to minimize the number of ... than remainder = (0.5 x 2) The binary bits are assembled from the remainders of the successive division steps, beginning with the LSB and proceeding to the MSB In this case, we arrive at a binary...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 21:15

... as interdependence grows Increasingly, businesses are striving for fewer layers of management and encouraging more “selforganizing” – operating with minimum imposition from the top, and continually ... futures in an interdependent world, and invites the SoL community into ongoing dialogue on these topics: The social divide: the ever-widening gap between those who participate in the increasingly interdependent ... of the SoL Sustainability Consortium are attempting to today, with working groups focused on reducing and, ideally, entirely eliminating toxins and waste in a broad array of industrial and consumer...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... to charges; c) clarification of charge liabilities for industrial wastewater discharges into the sewer; d) introduction of the obligation to pay charges into permit conditions; e) including in ... still dominated by the features introduced during the Soviet era, resulting in inadequate incentives for improved environmental behaviour, poor revenue-raising capacity, and administrative inefficiency ... expenditure in the GDP has constantly increased from 0.05% in 1998 to 0.09% in 2003 In an international comparison, the share of the overall state environmental expenditure in the GDP in Armenia remains...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... studied in this book This book is useful for B Sc senior students in the electrical engineering discipline, MS and PhD students in the same discipline all over the world, electrical engineers working ... immense interest in the engineering field in the last two decades Optimization methods are of great importance in practice, particularly in engineering design, scientific experiments, and business ... optimization packages contain powerful linear programming algorithms for solving power system problems for both planning and operating engineers Linear programming has extensions in the simplex method,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 07:20