characterlevel dependencies in chinese

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... assessment of smoking habits in the control group, 1 however, insisting on a dead control group violates the study base principle, since the base consists of living sub- jects. In the same situation, ... comparing the consistency between the new design and a routine control selection design in a large case-control study that was incorporated into a nationwide mortality survey in China in 1989–1991. ... use on smoking-related cancer deaths in Chinese adult men. We also offer specific suggestions that we believe are useful in choosing controls within the framework of the study principles. SUBJECTS...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

... are the main source of infection in a community. Only 10% of individuals develop clinical disease. The immune response in the remaining individuals only succeeds in containing the infection, ... of TB remain unclear in the Chinese population. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the KIR genes in PTB patients and con- trols using sequence-specic primer polymerase chain reaction ... diversity determines susceptibility to infectious diseases by sending inhibitory or activating signals. In our study, the increased presence of activating KIRs in patients with PTB may affect immune...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... be used in the construction. That is, beginning with only characters in the lexi- con and using the training data to alter the current lexicon in each iteration. This is also an interesting direction. References Maximilian ... such information. With the baseline lexicon, we performed the EM algorithm as in Table 2 to train the trigram LM. Here we used a 313 MB LM training corpus, which contains text news articles in ... constraints to combine phonemes into short chunks while the language model combines phonemes into longer chunks by more global con- straints. However, it’s almost impossible to include all words into...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... notion by introducing graph adjoining grammars which generate exactly the same lan- guages as TAGs. In a graph adjoining grammar, /~x is represented as shown in Figure 4. Notice that in this ... marks as to the linguistic significance of restrict- ing the use of regular sets in the functional uncer- tainty machinery by showing that the linguistic theory instantiated in TAG can predict ... Trees in a TAG We will now define the operation of adjoining. Consider the adjoining of/~ at the node marked with * in a. The subtree of a under the node marked with * is excised, and/3 is inserted...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Tsujii. 2011. Incremental joint POS tagging and dependency parsing in Chinese. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-2011). Liang Huang and ... hybrid model for joint Chinese word segmentation and POS tagging. In Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th Interna- tional Joint Conference on Natural ... Process- ing of the AFNLP. Zhenghua Li, Min Zhang, Wanxiang Che, Ting Liu, Wen- liang Chen, and Haizhou Haizhou. 2011. Joint mod- els for Chinese POS tagging and dependency parsing. In Proceedings...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Text Processing (CI- CLing 2003), 602-614. Yuan Liu, Nanyuan Liang. 1986. Basic Engineering for Chinese Processing – Contemporary Chinese Words Frequency Count, Journal of Chinese In- formation ... Vector Space Model (VSM) in text information processing, document indexing (term extraction) acts as a pre-requisite step in most text information proc- essing tasks such as Information Retrieval ... Xiaojing Bai, Shiwen Yu. 2003. Experimental Study on Representing Units in Chinese Text Categorization, Proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... adjoining grammars. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Compu- tational Linguistics (COLING '90), Helsinki, Fin- land, August. Stuart M. Shieber. 1994. Restricting ... machine translation. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Coraputatio'nal Linguistics (COLING '90), Helsinki, Finland, Au- gust. Marie-Helene Candito and Sylvain ... synchronous tree adjoin- ing grammars. Computational Intelligence, 10(4). K. Vijay-Shanker and D.J. Weir. 1993. The use of shared forests in tree adjoining grammar parsing. In Proceedings of EA CL...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... and Chan, S.W.K. 2000. LIVAC, A Chinese Synchronous Corpus, and Some Applications. In Proceedings of the ICCLC International Conference on Chinese Language Comput- ing, Chicago, pages 233-238. Xia, ... theoretical and practical concerns in part-of-speech (POS) tagging for Chinese. Unlike other languages such as English, Chinese lacks morphological marking in association with categorial alternations. ... categorial fluidity in Chinese and the diffi- culty thus posed on tagging. Then in Section 3, we report on a preliminary empirical study of the categorial fluidity and shift between Chinese verbs and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... bells containing tiny gold beads or grains of sand, which are inserted in the vagina or the foreskin as sexual excitants. Another Chinese character pronounced zhong means ‘to bring something off‘, ... reason, the Chinese prefer their puns to be eye-catching rather than ear-tickling. Introduction 3 Arrow Arrow shi From the very earliest times arrows have been in use in China in various ... be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information...

Ngày tải lên: 12/03/2014, 18:07

... hypothesis and Environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) in Chinese provinces Jie HE CERDI Université d’Auvergne...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... Topics in Chinese Natural Language Processing,” Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph series number 9, 1996, pp.1-22. Jian, J. Y., “Extracting Verb-Noun Collections from Text,” In Proceedings ... Hsu, Chinese Word Auto-Confirmation Agent,” In Proceedings of the 15th ROCLING Conference for the Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, National Tsing-Hwa ... Information processing Group), A study of Chinese Word Boundaries and Segmentation Standard for Information processing (in Chinese) . Technical Report, Taiwan, Taipei, Academia Sinica, 1996. Dang,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... knockout or inhibition of caspase-3 activity is ineffective in preventing OA-induced DNA fragmentation in CHO-K1 cells, z-DEVD-fmk was successful at inhibiting OA-induced DNA fragmentation in caspase-3 ) ... 3B,C), and also inhibited OA-induced DNA frag- mentation (Fig. 3A), suggesting that AEBSF-sensitive, but TPCK-insensitive or TLCK-insensitive serine pro- teases, are involved in OA-induced DNA fragmenta- tion ... fragmentation in the absence of caspase-3, indicating that serine proteases are involved in nuclear changes via caspase-3-independent pathways. As DEVDase activity plays an important role in OA-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... consti- tutes our MCC baseline. Regarding the reranker, we divided the training set in two chunks of data: Train1 and Train2. The binary classifiers are trained on Train1 and tested on Train2 (and vice versa) ... according to the number of hypotheses (child-free setting). using the complete hierarchy as representation, i.e., up to five times in training and eight time in test- ing. This is not surprising ... testTime FRR trainingTime FRR testTime Figure 8: Training and test time of the rerankers trained on data of increasing size. K P highly improves on the baseline on child-free setting by about 7.1...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... type in corresponding Pinyin “shenme”. Then, a Chinese Pinyin input method displays a list of Chinese words which share that Pinyin, as shown in Fig. 1. Users Figure 1: Typical Chinese Pinyin input ... properties result in a part of Chinese input errors. 1 Introduction Unlike western languages, Chinese is unique due to its logographic writing system. Chinese users cannot directly type in Chinese words using ... exist in typing process of English words, which indicates that it is more complicated for Chinese users to type in Chinese words. Chinese users may make errors when they are typ- ing in Chinese...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 13:29

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 13:29