characteristics of zinc oxide and eugenol

... exp − Εg kT (2.19) where Nc and Nv are the density of state of conduction band and valence band, respectively, and Eg is the energy band gap of materials When electrons and holes are tightly bound ... QS and ND are surface charge and the number of ionized donor states per unit volume, and K, εO, and ∆φS denote the static dielectric constant of the oxide, the permittivity of the vacuum, and ... national, state and local levels These often require in-situ continuous monitoring of air quality and the rates of emissions of specific chemical species In particular, the efficiency of internal...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 14:44

... studies the growth of ZnO nanorods and films in aqueous solution using zinc acetate and ammonium hydroxide in detail Regardless of the type of substrate used, the solubility of zinc (SZn), interface ... as a covalent and ionic compound The bottom of the conduction band is formed essentially from the 4s levels of Zn2+ and the top of the valence band from the 2p levels of O2- The band gap between ... leading to the breakage of the O bond and release of the H ion into the O-H solution Hydrolysis of the hydrated zinc ion is a sequential process and gives a range of zinc hydroxide complexes, Zn(H2O)62+...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:26

... thin layer of zinc (Zn) used in Chapters Three and Four, and zinc oxide (ZnO) used in Chapter Five Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a general term used to describe any of a variety of methods ... films, fibers, and monoliths.28 Typical sol–gel process involves hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides and metal salts such as chlorides, nitrates and acetates In metal alkoxides M(OR)x, ... Myoung, and M M Sung, ACS Appl Mater and Interfaces, 1, 2843 (2009) 65 W Kern and K K Schuegraf, in Handbook of Thin Film Deposition Processes and Techniques (2)- Principles, Methods, Equipment and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... wavelength (kmax) of free and NP-conjugated ToxRp at pH 8.0 and 25 °C with increasing concentration of GdnHCl Fig Shift in wavelength (kmax) of free and NP-adsorbed ToxRp at pH 8.0 and 25 °C with ... the midpoint of the transition Fig Acrylamide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence of free and NP-treated ToxRp in the presence and absence of chaotropic agents such as M GdnHCl and M urea Fig ... far-UV CD spectra of free ToxRp as well as of ToxRp–ZnO conjugates A large negative ellipticity for free ToxRp, of between 210 and 230 nm, is indicative of the presence of a-helix, and the secondary...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... between the measured and calculated values of the ellipsometric parameters (ψ and ∆) and accurate information has been derived regarding the thickness and optical constants of the different layers ... conditions (e.g the angle of polarization mirrors and modulators) and parameters of film (∆, Ψ) The measurement configuration is chosen for the purpose of simplifying the calculation of trigonometry functions ... the zinc oxide film which was found to be Eg ≈ 3.33 eV a b Fig Polarized spectra of ZnO sample, with Is = sin2Ψsin∆ (a) and Ic = sin2Ψcos∆ (b) Fig Transmittance spectra of glass substrate and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 13:20

... concentration of Zn(NO3)2 and hexamine) was changed every h during the growth process; (a) mM of Zn2+, (b) mM of Zn2+ and (c) 10 mM of Zn2+ Table Summary of width, length and aspect ratio of zinc oxide ... were weighed and heated at 95 °C and then soaked in strong sulfuric acid for h to allow metals and metal oxides to be released from the substrates Zinc oxide, copper and copper (I) oxide are readily ... after 10 h of growth The precursor solution (equimolar concentration of Zn(NO3)2 and hexamine) was changed every h during the growth process; (a) mM of Zn2+, (b) mM of Zn2+ and (c) 10 mM of Zn2+;...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 13:23

... to the band-edge emission of ZnO and the green one is related to the defects in ZnO such as oxygen vacancies Consistent with the results of XRD and HRTEM, the strong UV and weak green bands imply ... aligned array of ZnO is self-organized in six symmetrical directions and the diameter of the fibers is about several hundreds of nanometers, and the ASE present a FWHM of nm with a threshold of about ... spacing of 0.26 nm match the interspacing of (0002) planes of the wurtzite ZnO, while the lattice fringes of the branch nanofiber with the d spacing of 0.28 nm coincide with the spacing of ͑0110͒...

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2014, 11:29

... USA) Page of and europium nitrate Eu(NO3) was added dropwisely into ammonium dibasic phosphate (NH ) HPO and arginine solution, and then were completely stirring and the mole ratio of Ca/P should ... Page of Figure XRD patterns of nanoparticles and Eu-doped nanoparticles at positions of 1,106.57, 1,420.30, 1,631.24, and 3,570.12 cm-1 The four vibration patterns corresponding peak positions of ... contributions ZY and HY conceived and designed the study, carried out the experiments, analyzed the results, and drafted the manuscript ZJ and LZ assisted in synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... determine the band gap of ZnO micro-tubes As a direct band gap semiconductor, n equals 0.5 for ZnO Extrapolation of this line to the photon energy axis yields the semiconductor band gap of these ZnO ... by self-assembly of nanoflakes of ZnO nanoparticles, creating a highly porous structure The formation mechanism of ZnO micro-tube structure was investigated, and the key role of NH4+ ion in the ... Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... varies according to the number of doses and its probability of being administered The scenarios are specific for each species (chickens and ducks) and will vary in terms of protection outcome which ... collection of official data concerning the poultry production from the reports of the Department of Livestock Production (DLP), FAO, the General Statistics Office (GSO), the Veterinary Services and ... Total RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Typology of the poultry production systems The scale of poultry breeding and the type of poultry races are really diversified in each ecological zone of Long An...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:22

... all GPRF practices in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and a random sample of practices in England up to a total of 500 practices One hundred practices were recruited and all took part in the ... and standard deviations of scores for team function and organisational behaviour measures, for general and diabetes specific measures and illness sickness absence and intention to leave GPs and ... considerable amount of coding of frequency of dose data (usually entered as text rather than coded data) and coding of maximum doses of drugs to allow the identification of a population of patients who...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... University of Kalyani A Bandyopadhyay: M.Sc Microbiology, Research Scholar, University of Kalyani K Sarkar: M.Sc., PhD, Asst Professor, Dept of Microbiology, University of Kalyani Page of 7 10 11 ... mM of glutathione was dissolved in 40 mL of distilled water, and 1.0 mM of HAuCl4 was dissolved in 80 mL of methanol Mixing the two solutions generates a cloudy, white suspension Addition of ... diverse range of metal oxide nanoparticles that may result in oxidative stress, inflammation and consequent damage to proteins, membranes and DNA which is one of the primary mechanisms of nanotoxicity...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

... Transcription characteristics analysis of UL45 gene The standard curve of PMD18-T/UL45 and PMD18-T/ b-actin showed the FQ-PCR was excellent at performance (fig 9, 10, 11 and 12) The integrality and purity ... characterization of UL6 gene of duck enteritis virus Chinese Journal of Virology 2006, 22:391-396 48 J LZ, F LY, S C, X SM, L LY: Comparison of extraction method of genomic DNA of duck plague virus Journal of ... the construction of cloning and expression plasmids, expression of UL45Δ fusion protein, production of polyclonal antibody, time course of transcription and protein characteristics analysis were...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:21

... products HNO2 and HNO3 which dissolves into NO2– and NO3– + H+ NO2 formation should be increased according to the kinetics of this reaction with higher concentrations of NO and O2 and a longer ... effect of increasing O2 concentrations the same set of measurements was then repeated for an FiO2 of 0.5 and 1.0 A chemiluminescence analyser (CLD 700, Eco Physics, Duernten, Switzerland) was ... inspiration and in proportion to flow Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the NO and NO2 concentrations along the inspiratory limb of the respiratory tubing during mechanical ventilation and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... Effect of flurbiprofen or nitroflurbiprofen on NF-κB activation in the liver of rats at h after LPS injection Figure 6-7 Effect of flurbiprofen or nitroflurbiprofen on the proteolytic activity of ... LPS pre-treatment VII List of Figures with either equivalent volume of vehicle, flurbiprofen or nitroflurbiprofen Figure 6-2 Effect of flurbiprofen or nitroflurbiprofen on MPO activity Figure ... of NO at rates that may only be limited by the availability of substrates and cofactors Mainly for these reasons the constitutive and inducible isoforms of NOS are often referred to as low- and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:16

... prominence of bands between 1680-1670 cm-1 and 1417-1426 cm-1 were associated with asymmetric and symmetric COOstretching vibrations of the carboxyl groups and they provided strong evidence of cation-carboxyl ... the hydrophilic groups of carrageenan and carboxyl groups of alginate as reflected by the low apparent solubility and lower extent of water uptake of the crosslinked AK and AI films The hydrophilic ... SA Bands between 1500-1270 cm-1 in carrageenans were a result of coupling of CCH bending motions in the molecule (Sekkal and Legrand, 1993) Thus, it is highly likely that the significant band...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:43

... In spite of this, the rate of drug release from S2 and S3 microspheres was found to be comparable with that of SA and S1 microspheres The t75% values of SA and S1 microspheres were 17.1 and 22.9 ... cross-linking of alginate matrices A review of the literature showed that the media used for internal and external cross-linking methods were not standardized and often, the pH values of the media ... respectively and 14.3 for 100 (a) (c) (b) (d) 101 Figure 13 Photographs of (a) SA (b) S1 (c) S2 and (d) S3 microspheres 101 both S2 and S3 microspheres (Table 13) This showed that the matrix of the S2 and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:44

... and after cross-linking would give a more accurate picture of the influence of crosslinking for each type of sodium alginate used In this study, the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of ... polymer chains composed of a higher proportion of M and MG blocks were more flexible and exhibited a higher degree of mobility during cross-linking This permitted the alignment of the chains to form ... viscosities in the range of 308-390 mPa.s and produced comparable extent of microsphere aggregation The difference in the degree of agglomeration of the yield among between NI, FL and MA microspheres...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:45

... consisted of mL of hypnorm (Jansen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgica), which contained 0.315 mg of fentanyl and 10 mg of fluanisone, and mL of midazolam (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) which contained mg of ... shock model: The role of NO and PGE2 and the therapeutics effects of conservative fluids, NOS and COX-2 inhibitors 45 4.1 Introduction The up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxgenase-2 ... up-regulation as a result of an inflammatory response (Tsukada et al., 2000, Knoferl et al., 2001) Two isoforms of COX have been identified namely COX-1 and COX-2 COX-1 is a constitutive isoform that is...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... Pathophysiology of prolonged hemorrhagic shock Role of nitric oxide (NO) in prolonged hemorrhagic shocked rats and therapeutic effects of conservative fluids, NO donor and NOS inhibitors Role of nitric oxide ... analysis of major organ injury of different 22 groups of rats Table 2.2 Creatinine and GOT levels in different groups of rats 22 Table 3.1 Semi-quantitative analysis of major organ injury of different ... groups of rats Figure 4.3F Plasma GOT levels at 24, 48 and 72 hours in different 60 groups of rats Figure 4.4.1 Hemotoxylin and eosin stain of Kidneys 62 Figure 4.4.2 Hemotoxylin and eosin stain of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54