chapter 14 moving outside the page with ajax
statistical pattern recognition 3rd edition
... we showed for the two-class case, there are other discriminant functions that lead to the same decision The essential difference between the approach of the previous section and the discriminant ... to search through the parameter space to find the model that best describes the relationship between the measurements and class labels for the training set The form derived for the pattern classifier ... 1.6) is marked with a vertical line at xB The areas of the hatched regions in Figure 1.5 represent the probability of error: by Equation (1.4), the area of the horizontal hatching is the probability...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Optimal STBC Precoding with Channel Covariance Feedback for Minimum Error Probability" pot
... ratio of the radius of the scatterer ring around the receiver and the line-of-sight distance between the transmitter and the receiver, λ is the wavelength, dT (p, q) is the distance between the two ... Then these vectors are transmitted with different powers, determined by the eigenvalues of the channel correlation matrix These two steps can be implemented with a linear transformation unit Therefore, ... diversity, the water-filling scheme determines the number of active eigenchannels, and distributes the power over them with more power devoted to the stronger ones In this (1) Transmitting over the eigenvectors...
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Báo cáo y học: "A diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for spinal pain part 2: review of the literature" pps
... "positive" tests in 50 consecutive patients with LBP They compared this examination with the Gold Standard of single anesthetic blocks They estimated the PPV of the examination to be 60% van der Wurff, ... considered that out of the tests being pain-producing constituted a "positive" test They compared this regimen with the Gold Standard of double anesthetic blocks They calculated the SE of the regimen as ... residents They provided all clinicians with 2-hour lectures and 2-hour hands-on sessions as training in TrP palpation, and compared the agreement between the expert and the others for Page 11 of 17 (page...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient Minimum Error Rate Training and Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding for Translation Hypergraphs and Lattices" pptx
... Since the envelopes of the incoming edges are convex hulls, the Minkowski sum provides an upper bound to the number of line segments that constitute the resulting envelope: the bound is the sum ... runtime experiments for the hypergraph MERT implementation in comparison with the phrase-lattice implementation on both the aren and the zhen system The first two columns show the average amount of ... translation which yields the largest score and therefore corresponds to the topmost line segment If γ is shifted from −∞ to +∞, other translation hypotheses may at some point constitute the topmost line...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for BLEU" pptx
... summation over the translation candidates as soon as the risk of the regarded hypothesis exceeds the current minimum risk, i.e the risk of the current best hypothesis Additionally, the hypotheses are ... the weighted sum over all entries in the N -best list Therefore, finding the MBR hypothesis has a quadratic complexity in the size of the N -best list To reduce this large work load, we stop the ... depends only on the source sentence f1 Therefore, we can omit it in case of the MAP decision rule during the search process Note that the denominator affects the results of the MBR decision...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient Path Counting Transducers for Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding of Statistical Machine Translation Lattices" pptx
... determinization The statistics gathered by the forward algorithm could also be gathered under the expectation semiring (Eisner, 2002) with suitably defined features We take the view that the full complexity ... composing with Ψn in the log semiring, projecting on the output, removing ǫ-arcs, determinizing, minimising, and pushing weights to the initial state (Allauzen et al., 2010) Using either ΨL or ΨR , the ... of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP, pages...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Beyond Log-Linear Models: Boosted Minimum Error Rate Training for N-best Re-ranking" docx
... to find the best feature weights λt on di The sample weight for an N-best list is increased if the currently selected hypothesis is far from the oracle score, and decreased otherwise Here, the oracle ... score, and decreased otherwise Here, the oracle hypothesis for each N-best list is defined as the hypothesis with the best sentence-level BLEU The final ranker is a combination of (weak) MERT ranker ... weighted vote for hypotheses in an N-best list xi is represented by the N-dimensional vector: y = T αt y t = T αt PRED(λt , xi ) ˆ t=1 t=1 We choose the hypothesis with the maximum value in y...
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Some suggestions for correcting errors made by english non major first year students at HPU of pronouncing ending sounds
... produced with the tongue tip or blade coming close to the area between the back of the alveolar ridge and the front of the hard palate /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ , dʒ/ Palatal: is the sound which is produced with the ... the board The judge will write the first set of four words on the board 35 The students at the front of the line must read the set of words, race to the board once they have identified the word ... Dentals: are the sounds which are produced with the tip or blade of the tongue touching the upper front teeth / θ, ð/ Alveolars: are the sounds which are produced with the tip or blade of the tongue...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Method for Correcting Errors in Speech Recognition Using the Statistical Features of Character Co-occurrence" pptx
... errors, and the other is the corresponding correct string (the former string is referred to as the ErrorPart, and the latter as the Correct-Part respectively) These parts are extracted from the speech ... arbitrary candidates, when one of their Error-Parts includes the other, and their frequencies are the same value, the candidate whose Error-Part includes the other is accepted Condition of Inclusion-2: ... similar to the string including errors from the StringDatabase (the former string is referred to as the Similar-String, and the latter as the Error-String) Finally, the correction is made using the...
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Who Pays for Medical Errors? An Analysis of Adverse Event Costs, the Medical Liability System, and Incentives for Patient Safety Improvement ppt
... Further, we believe that few of the physicians who would have been involved in the hospital injuries in our sample would have had their liability insurance provided by the hospital Rather, they ... claim.[24] The gulf between the population of patients with negligent medical injuries and the group that receives compensation through the medical liability system enervates the deterrent signal of the ... and consider whether an offer of compensation is merited under the compensation rules of the health court The health court would be notified of all claims If either the patient or the provider was...
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Prostate Cancer Screening : A Decision Guide for African Americans doc
... No two men with prostate cancer are the same Many factors affect the decision whether or not to treat the disease: the patient’s age, whether the cancer has spread, the presence of other medical ... of the reproductive system that makes the fluid that carries sperm As you can see in the picture below, the prostate is located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder The urethra (the ... can only suggest the need for further tests What is the DRE? The DRE or digital (finger) rectal examination is a quick exam for checking the health of the prostate For this test, the doctor inserts...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Derivation Trees for Treebank Error Detection" potx
... context if they are properly contained within the same variation n-gram i.e., there is at least one word of the n-gram on both sides of the nucleus For the the pair in (1), the two instances of the ... of the variation nucleus satisfy the nonfringe heuristic because they are properly contained within the identical variation n-gram (with the and points on either side) See Dickinson and Meurers ... (2a), while it has the default label NIL in (2b) However, whether it is reported as a variation depends on the irrelevant fact of whether the word to the right of Al$yx is the same in both instances,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "DECISION LISTS FOR LEXICAL AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION" pdf
... all occurrences in the corpus, label the concordance line with the observed accent pattern, and then strip the accents from the data This will yield a training set such as the following: Pattern ... belonginging to one of these classes, the accuracy of the word-specific decision list is compared with the class-based list If the class's list performs adequately it is used Words with idiosyncrasies ... including the size of the training sample, nature of the collocation (adjacent bigrams or wider context), our prior expectation about the similarity of contexts, and the amount of noise in the training...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Story Segmentation using a Bayesian Decision Framework for Statistical Models of Lexical Chain Features" pdf
... is the sequence of time with chain starts (S=[t1, t2, … ti, … tNs]), ks is the shape, λs is the scale for the fitted Weibull distribution for chain starts, Ns is the number of chain starts The ... stories, we limit the maximum distance between consecutive words within the lexical chain This limit is optimized according to the approach in (Chan et al 2007) based on the training data The optimal ... result, there is a higher density of chain starts and ends in the proximity of a story boundary Furthermore, there tends to be fewer chains straddling across a story boundary Based on these characteristics...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Feedback-Augmented Method for Detecting Errors in the Writing of Learners of English" docx
... result of the classification For example, if the answer is yes at the root node, the instance in question is tagged with count Otherwise, the question at the lower node is applied and so on The tagging ... denote the contexts consisting of the noun phrase that the target noun heads, words to the left of the noun phrase, and words to its right, respectively Then the template is formalized by: For the ... associate the words in the left half with food or cooking On the other hand, we associate those in the right half with animals or birds From this observation, we can say that chicken in the sense...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length" pptx
... their side If there are no children on the other side of the head, the tree can be improved by moving either i or i − to the other side If there is a child on the other side of the head, it must ... putting the smallest child next to the head, the next smallest next to the head on the opposite side, the next outside the first on the first side, and so on So far we have not considered the piece ... between adding to the left and right edges of the constituent The first part of this proof is the observation that, as we progress from the head outward, to either the left or the right, the head’s child...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Minimum Error Rate Training in Statistical Machine Translation" potx
... and Ney, 2001) u Figure shows the actual shape of the smoothed and the unsmoothed error count for two parameters in our translation system We see that the unsmoothed error count has many different ... most cases the best results using the same criterion as the evaluation metric on the test data The differences can be quite large: If we optimize with respect to word error rate, the results ... penalized by the BLEU and NIST brevity penalty We observe that the smoothed error count gives almost identical results to the unsmoothed error count This might be due to the fact that the number...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Compensating for Annotation Errors in Training a Relation Extractor" potx
... put them together and rank them by the modelpredicted probabilities of being positive, 3) calculate their relative rank in this pool We plot the Cumulative distribution of frequency (CDF) of the ... words of the second arguments erroneous relation mentions and compared them to the correct relation mentions in the same sentence; we categorized these examples and show them in table The most ... arguments are coreferential, the adjudicator only tags one of the relation mentions as correct, although the other is correct too This shared the same principle with another type of error illegal...
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decision analysis for management judgment
... to find the products you want to sell to them Chapter highlights customizations of the checkout process, namely, the flow from the shopping cart to the shipping and payment pages up to the order ... (int)$current_category_id "'"); Replace with the following code to fill the parameter $stylesheet_test with the top-level category ID if the selected category, and then call the file that decides which stylesheet ... all other times, the category box will be hidden to free up the space Presentation In this setup a horizontal navigation bar was added at the very top of the page for the top categories of the...
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Báo cáo toán học: " Decision making for cognitive radio equipment: analysis of the first 10 years of exploration" potx
... assumptions, if they are accurate, provide the CR with valuable information on the problem to deal with These remarks lead us to suggest that the decision making problems the CR has to deal with are ... dimensions On the other hand, the actual design space is included in the virtual design space It results from the reduction of the design space when taking into account the correlation between the different ... Consequently, within the CR framework, we can define the a priori knowledge as the set of theoretical or practical assumptions provided by the designer to the CR decision making engine These assumptions,...
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