challenges opportunities and recent advances in sugarcane breeding

... be both invasive and expensive  Asthma testing – Asthma testing products are increasingly in demand One in 20 Americans suffers from asthma and this number stands to increase in the near future ... lm2) and chemical and thermal stability Given the ever increasing incidence of diabetes in both the United States and abroad the market for diabetes testing and supplies is large and growing Moreover, ... AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Interest in developing improved methods for detecting lactate acid has been increasing due to its importance in areas such as clinical diagnostics, sports medicine, and food analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... keeping infants indoors), increased skin pigmentation, reduced in- utero exposure, and reduced capacity to synthesize vitamin D with increasing age.‖ Those with dark skin, pregnant or nursing ... food bars containing L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin A, C, and E are all antioxidants) The second group was given bars containing just the vitamin supplements and the third ... malaise, pain in the joints, edema, anxiety, and neuropathy Thiamine (vitamin B1) assists in energy metabolism and assembling tissues Deficiency occurs from lack of intake (such... This mainly...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... steganography, and techniques for assessing data integrity and authenticity,... prominent algorithms in this area are zerotree encoding [135, 81] and hybrid fractal wavelet codecs [142, 30] In ... form of subband coding A 1-D wavelet transform of a signal is performed by convolving with both QMF’s and downsampling by 2; since is finite,... operate on independent, nonoverlapping blocks ... decoder This kind of security Introduction... again a web-based key-sharing technique has been established soon threatening the success of the scheme (e.g against Premiere in Austria and Germany...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:41

... RECENT ADVANCES IN ROBUST CONTROL – NOVEL APPROACHES AND DESIGN METHODS Edited by Andreas Mueller Recent Advances in Robust Control – Novel Approaches and Design Methods Edited by Andreas ... October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Recent Advances in Robust Control ... expense of chattering in the control variable It is shown in Chapter that combining quantitative feedback theory and sliding mode control can alleviate this phenomenon An integral sliding mode controller...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) France 2,3 Tunisia Introduction Robust control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and applied mathematics literature Since its introduction in 1980’s, ... grown to become a major scientific domain For example, it gained a foothold in Economics in the late 1990 and has seen increasing numbers of Economic applications in the past few years This theory ... closed-loop stability and performances of systems in the presence of system uncertainty In practice, the uncertainty can include modelling errors, parametric variations and external disturbance...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... here to obtain a fuzzy model from (57) By decomposing the nonlinear term and integring nonlinearities of x2 (t ) into + x1 ( t ) incertainties, then (20) is represented by the following fuzzy model: ... set of indices i for which gi ( k ) is an external input, defining ß as the set of indices i for which y i ( k ) is an internal input or a neuron output, and defining ui ( k ) as the combination ... new proposed method of system modeling using supervised ANN, with and without using LMI, and using model 72 Recent Advances in Robust Control – Novel Approaches and Design Methods order reduction,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... differential system linear in control and linear in. .. for each nominal case The training data pattern for the nominal neural networks is composed of the state vector as input and the control ... In other words, the nominal layer is to establish and approximate a state feedback control Finish training when the training performance is satisfactory Repeat this nominal layer training ... measured Recent Advances in Robust Control – Novel Approaches and Design Methods 82 process variable (output) and a desired set-point (input) by calculating and then providing a corrective...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... system better and therefore adapts well more If the input command has no discontinuity, the controller can track the command without much settling time Big jumps in the input command have a great ... developed and applied to deal with the time varying property of uncertain parameters of the nonlinear systems. All these pieces Recent Advances in Robust Control – Novel Approaches and Design ... (implementation and safety) and more concerns on stability (thus internal stability and stabilizing controllers) (Gu, Petkov, & Konstantinov, 2005). In abstract, a control system is robust if it remains...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... reach and maintain s = while keeping the performance measure within bound In short, the implementation of integral sliding-mode control solves the in? ??uence of matched-type nonlinearities and uncertainties ... uncertainties and nonlinearities, defined in the range space of input matrix (El-Ghezawi et al., 1983) But, in the presence of unmatched-type nonlinearities and uncertainties, the conventional sliding-mode ... simultaneously, since there are many parameters and nonlinearities Nonlinear effects can better be understood by varying the parameters and 156 Recent Advances in Robust Control – Novel Approaches and Design...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... nonlinear output feedback gain satisfying the relationship (37) and (49), GΔ is a switching gain of the state, 1 G is a feedback gain of the output feedback integral sliding surface, and ... four case sliding surfaces are shown in fig. 7, those are continuous. The three case continuously implemented control inputs instead of the discontinuous input in Fig. 4 are shown in Fig. 8 without ... x and 2 x time trajectories (i)ideal sliding output, (ii) no uncertainty and no disturbance (iii)matched uncertainty/disturbance, and (iv)unmatched uncertainty and matched disturbance Recent...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... RECENT ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS Edited by Jia-Chin Lin Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks Edited by Jia-Chin Lin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine ... research in theory and engineering development in practice, and as a messenger between the technical pioneers and the researchers who followed in their footstep This book, titled Recent Advances in ... Kao-Peng Chou and Jia-Chin Lin Chapter Synchronization for OFDM-Based Systems 23 Yu-Ting Sun and Jia-Chin Lin Chapter ICI Reduction Methods in OFDM Systems 41 Nadieh M Moghaddam and Mohammad Mohebbi...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... eliminate intersymbol interference and intercarrier interference. In general, the symbol timing offset may vary in an interval that is equal to the guard time and does not cause intersymbol interference ... subdivided into three types: intraband contiguous, intraband discontinuous and interband... frame timing instant is often dominated by its first term because the correlation coefficient term ρ in ... synchronization include identifying the beginning of individual OFDM symbol timing and ensuring the orthogonality of each subcarrier. Various algorithms have been proposed to estimate symbol timing and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... of combining schemes, including selection combining, switch combining, EGC, and MRC, in the following 2.1.1 Selection combining Selection combining is a simple receive diversity combining scheme ... combining scheme 62 Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks 2.1 .3 Maximum ratio combining Fig 3 shows the block diagram of the MRC scheme MRC is a linear combining ... Equal gain combining Equal gain combing is a suboptimal combining scheme, as compared with the MRC scheme Instead of requiring both the amplitude and phase knowledge of channel state information,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... matrix of size LL× . In the following, we introduce three famous beamforming schemes to determine the complex beamforming weights. Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks 88 ... by the groups and classes whose matrices Gg,c = Gmin g,c min min Tg,c Rmin Tg,c g H (42 ) have the smallest common rank, denoted by min min ˜ Dmin = rank(Gmin ) = rank Tg,c Rmin Tg,c g,c g H ... ordering V-BLAST algorithms. 4. Beamforming Beamforming is a promising signal processing technique used to control the directions for transmitting or receiving signals in spatial-angular domain...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... the processing of the signal consists of two separated procedures: averaging in time and accounting for diversity and suppressing noise in spatial 150 12 Recent Advances in Wireless ... demand for wireless services will continue to increase in the near and medium... multi-cell cooperation is already under study in LTE under the Coordinated 166 Recent Advances in ... cannot distinguish between the in- phase and quadrature components and their powers are equally combined to for Z ( N ) In the intermediate case both components are combined according to (67...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... management, joint call admission control tightly interacts with vertical handoff and QoS provisioning schemes in integrated WLAN and 3G cellular networks 192 Recent Advances in Wireless ... By using the precoding vectors defined in (25) and considering (26), the received signal in (24) reduces to, ,,,,, ,, 1 B eq kl bkl kl kl bkl b ps = =+ ∑ yhn (27) Recent Advances in Wireless ... Wireless Communications and Networks 2.2 Vertical handoff In integrated networks, there are two types of handoff: intra-technology handoff and intertechnology handoff (Lampropoulos......

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... phenomena in the villages because land and water extraction machines was considered as complementary resource and the leasing in and leasing out of land automatically resulted in the leasing in and ... cropping pattern Creditors are mostly landowners, leading to credit relations being ‘interlinked’ with land and water arrangements in various combinations In the villages of Punjab, such interlinked ... depletion There is also inequality in water accessibility among marginal and large land holdings as farmers of marginal and smaller land holdings are incapable for chasing water tables as fast...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 09:20

... Phospho-CP29 and state transitions A B Fig Protein composition and phosphorylation of thylakoids and LHCI–PSI obtained from State and State C reinhardtii cells (A) Protein profiles of thylakoids (Thy) and ... case ‘t’ and ‘s’ specify phosphorylated threonine and serine residues, correspondingly Positions of the peptides in the sequence of the mature CP29 are indicated by corresponding amino acid numbers ... density observed in the S2 LHCI–PSI supercomplex in the vicinity of PsaH is indeed phosphorylated CP29, modelled in blue in Fig according to the X-ray structure of the LHCII protein [30] In order to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... noted that the islands of Lolland and Bornholm are included in Zealand, and Jutland is the only part of the country belonging to mainland Europe), and we also observe a crude indicator of the ... driven by fluctuations in the national twinning rate (i.e # twin births / # births) and not by fluctuations in the birth rate Interestingly, the yearly deviation in the twinning rate is significantly ... unanticipated and exogenous from the individual point of view, and they affect income for many households In a recession, the provision of sufficient nutrients and good living conditions for infants and pregnant...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... potting jig was designed to align and hold the proximal and distal loading fixtures and the radius during potting (Figure 1) The long axis of the radius was aligned by locating the major and minor ... oblique fracture involving the distal (inferior) diaphysis of an equine radius Methods Loading fixture design, and potting Proximal (superior) and distal steel box type loading fixtures were ... directly determine 3D stiffness components of intact and instrumented test segments, and 4) identifies the weakest aspects of an instrumented specimen during increased uniform loading over its...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20