challenges in requirements engineering for embedded systems

... describes requirements engineering for sociotechnical systems, where software requirements engineering is a part of the process Traditionally requirements engineering is performed in the beginning ... first introduces background information related to requirements engineering, including the terminology used and the requirements engineering process in general Next a detailed description of the requirements ... quality, for example, correctness, reliability, maintainability, portability Requirements engineering contains a set of activities for discovering, analyzing, documenting, validating, and maintaining...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:27

... customizations for this particular application The main Windows procedure, WinMain(), performs only basic initializations and then invokes the dialog procedure int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE ... was for me the best possible lesson in lucid writing I also thank Justin Fulmer, for polishing my drawings and integrating them into the final version of the book I am indebted to Jeff Claar, for ... liability for damages resulting from the use of the information in this book or for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties that would result from the use of this information...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 21:21

... http://www.eiffel.com/doc/manuals/technology/contract/page.html Kalinsky, David, 1998 "Mutexes Prevent Priority Inversions", Embedded Systems Programming, August, 76−81 Kalinsky, David 2001 "Queueing Theory for Dummies", Embedded Systems Programming, April, ... difference in the software community If you are interested in advancing the QP cause, you can become involved in many areas • Port the QF to new operating systems and platforms, such as Linux, VxWorks, ... Programming, September, 78−86 Murphy, Niall 2001a Assertiveness Training for Programmers Embedded Systems Programming, April, 53−60 Murphy, Niall 2001b Assert yourself Embedded Systems Programming,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 21:21

... IN DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS in0 l1 state0 d1 out0 in1 state1 (in0 , ,inn)=inN state0 outn = N(state0, ( in0 , , inn)) staten+1 = N(state0, ( in0 , , inn)) Figure 3.5 l1 inn ... 1(1(state0, in0 ), in1 ), , inn1),inn) = 1( 1(1(state0, in0 ), in1 ), , inn1),inn) Building an n-step automaton based on a single-step automaton Let the time step h used for creating the single-step ... languages are of utmost interest in the area of embedded systems and the Forum on Specification and design Languages has been once again been the main European event for the embedded systems and chip...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2016, 11:20

... http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds) Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts ... http://free­electrons.com 14 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons ... http://sources.redhat.com/newlib/ Minimal C library for very small embedded systems Lets you remove floating point support wherever you don't need it.  Also provides an integer only iprintf() function. Much ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 00:15

... will check for interrupts before performing the next instruction fetch As long as the controller detects a pending interrupt, it will service the interrupt before fetching the next instruction ... book, we include some sample product specification information for hardware to complete the information set Table 2.1 Initial hardware specifications Engineering Factors Estimate Operating Environment ... generate interrupts upon timeout A serious facet of an interrupt-based solution is the protocol for communication between the interrupts and main-line code Since interrupts and main line are as independent...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 02:17

... execution engine for interpreting these bytecode on the ARM processor An integrated system is shown in Figure The class loader is extended for reading in the current system partitioning table and for ... and into the instruction cache for execution The interface controller maintains the link between the Kaffe system and the ATEB9200 board It is responsible for halting the hardware in the event ... methods The target software platform for porting Kaffe environment is an embedded Linux, adapted to real-time systems A co-design environment using Kaffe is showed in Figure Vu Quang Dung et al...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 03:20

... will check for interrupts before performing the next instruction fetch As long as the controller detects a pending interrupt, it will service the interrupt before fetching the next instruction ... book, we include some sample product specification information for hardware to complete the information set Table 2.1 Initial hardware specifications Engineering Factors Estimate Operating Environment ... generate interrupts upon timeout A serious facet of an interrupt-based solution is the protocol for communication between the interrupts and main-line code Since interrupts and main line are as independent...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... Communications and Networking formulas are inferred for the path loss, slow- and fastfading, and interference modeling A comparison with a physical-optics-based ray-tracing model is also successfully ... dealt with by the following papers The paper by Jemai and K¨ rner investigates the peru formance boundaries of a calibrated ray-tracing model in indoor scenarios It is indeed well known that the ... traditionally consist of electromagnetic theory combined with engineering expertise that allows making reasonable assumptions about the propagation mechanisms involved Provided that the correct propagation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... of nine chapters and addresses the following challenges: validating and testing traditional formal models used for blending the continuous and discrete worlds, defining semantics for combining ... heterogeneous embedded systems along with analyses of their performance This part comprises six chapters that focus on capturing the aspects of timing in models for embedded systems, and on defining tools ... for modeling and programming complex applications for MPSoCs, mapping these applications manually and/or automatically onto parallel MPSoC platforms; defining programming models for abstracting...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... approach for combining simulation and formal analysis for tightening bounds of system-level performance analysis was presented in [20] The objectives are to determine timing characteristics of nonformally ... corresponding to the video decoding example in Section 1.2: (a) without resource interaction, and (b) with resource interaction 10 Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems number of tokens in a time interval ... Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc., 2001 A Maxiaguine, S Künzli, and L Thiele Workload characterization model for tasks with variable execution demand In...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... the instruction code (Figure 2.5c) It also contains information to determine the timing behavior of instructions and the timing behavior of instructions that are executed in context with other instructions ... Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems 3.1 Introduction Formal approaches to system performance modeling have always been used in the design of real-time systems With increasing system complexity, ... Design for Embedded Systems C program Binary code v C_stmnt1 C_stmnt2 C_stmnt3 C_stmnt4 cycleCalcICache tag Cache model lru data asm_inst1 asm_instl asm_instl+1 asm_inst2l asm_inst2l+1 asm_instn...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet Springer, Berlin, 2001 S Chakraborty, S Künzli, and L Thiele A general framework for analysing system properties in platform-based embedded system ... 4.1 Introduction Embedded systems involve the monitoring and control of complex physical processes using applications running on dedicated execution platforms in a 93 94 Model-Based Design for Embedded ... Design for Embedded Systems Having determined a response time interval across the SC for each task, the second phase of the global system analysis is performed as usual, describing the traffic timing...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... for Embedded Systems 6.1 Introduction Embedded systems and networked embedded systems play an increasingly important role in today’s society They are often found in consumer products (e.g., in ... dramatically, as explained in Section 5.4 We examine the system given in Table 5.6 using an UPPAAL model capturing the nondeterminism in the choices for execution times in each period and using discretization ... in the given form since it misses a deadline Second, at no point does the system use more than units of power, but at some point before missing the deadline, units of power is used Finally, in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... fixed for an MPSoC Platform Mapping Tools for Data-Dominated Applications 185 application domain (e.g., direct and inverse discrete cosine transforms—DCT and iDCT—used in video processing) • ... the CPU during some intervals The control performance in the first experiment, using plain EDF scheduling, is shown in Figure 6.7 A close-up of the corresponding CPU schedule is shown in Figure ... and the event handling is performed in interrupt handlers The software executing in the TrueTime processors is written in C++ The names of the files containing the code are input parameters of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... details about the streaming model This background information will help in explaining the mapping tools in the next section The task specification includes the data type for each I/O port as well ... model is in the process of being integrated Meanwhile, a fast and functional interconnect implementation is used instead 7.6 Conclusions The increasing need for flexibility in multimedia SoCs for ... automates the mechanical mapping transformations Performance and profiling information obtained from a given platform mapping iteration can be exploited by the user and the mapping tools to guide the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... changing the task-mapping information in the architecture information file The CIC translator generates the executable C codes automatically Table 8.2 shows the performance result for these nine ... “{task_name}_wrapup()” in wrapup_task() before finishing the entire program 224 Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems int complete; volatile unsigned int ∗ idct_base = (volatile unsigned int∗ ) 0x 2F000000; ... is defined in a pattern-list file 8.5.2 HW-Interfacing Code Generation If there is a code segment contained within a HW pragma section and its translation rule exists in an architecture information...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... specification, combined with the partitioning and mapping information Aspects related to the architecture model (e.g., processing units available in the target hardware platform) are combined into the ... i.e., a novel science and engineering for system design Developing this science and engineering is necessary to define a sound approach to the needs of the system and IC (integrated circuit) companies ... platform (HW and SW) Function space Mapped Function instance Function instance Function space Mapped Platform (architectural space) Platform instance Platform (architectural space) Platform instance...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... a single modeling language is not suitable for all embedded systems Instead, domain-specific modeling languages must be tailored to the needs of each particular domain Thus, different modeling ... as in Ptolemy II of defining hierarchical directors that follow a predetermined interface and a protocol for scheduling that includes the computation of preconditions for execution, a fixed-point ... management by separating each activity into its own phase Mapping is also made easier by abstracting the constraints at the service level 294 Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems 10.5.2 Industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20

... mapping #6, for example) and the smallest was 1% (in mapping #31, for example) As expected there was no change in the utilization or execution times for mappings involving either eleven processing ... 4% (in mapping #5, for example) However, utilization is increased by 27% The max increase was 45% (in mapping #31, for example) and the minimum improvement was 20% (in mapping #5, for example) ... 310 Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems a 2% increase, respectively, in execution times in the actual designs For mapping #6 (when scheduling affects the outcome), the increase was 16.2% (RR),...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:20