case studies of plant based medicines for malaria

... United States Air Force Academy, United States Air Force Institute for National Security Studies, 2004 Part I: Case Studies Prologue Chapters Two through Six present case studies of organizational ... selecting individual groups for detailed study Terrorist group case studies The research process consisted primarily of preparing and reviewing a set of case studies of organizations that have ... of their violent activities We selected five organizations for these case studies: 5 Review of the literature on organizational learning Al Qaeda was deliberately not selected to be a case...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... carbon -based metabolic pathways presents fundamental information on the application of plant metabolic engineering that is based on a thorough knowledge of plant biochemistry and plant physiology Plant ... selection of targets for further studies at the level of genes, enzymes, and compartments Such studies on regulation of metabolite biosynthesis might eventually lead to the derivation of transgenic plants ... patterns, bioinformatics is used here for this type of analysis of complex systems Bioinformatics refers to the extraction of biological information from genomic sequence and the reconciliation of multiple...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... eight case studies found in the literature 1.1 Software development; problems and remedies To develop and maintain software is often referred to as software engineering One denition is that software ... productivity and quality of the developed software The outcome of several of these improvement initiatives was summed up in an article in Communications of the ACM [10] Claims of order of magnitude improvements ... Software Engineering tools to support software engineering, mainly in analysis and design Formal methods formal specication and verication of software Cleanroom methodologies a method for...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... both for longest phrase (where embedded phrases of the same type were counted only once) and for each phrase regardless of embedding Length of NPs/PPs contained in a VP The average number of words ... important only for particular tasks For example the number of prepositional phrases is an important feature only for ranking different versions of the same sentence but is not important for other ... done in the context of machine translation for preliminary investigations of fluency Nevertheless, our findings are also potentially beneficial for sentence-level evaluation of machine translation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... for uniform regions and regions with smooth transitions Region based detectors regard local blobs of uniform brightness as the most salient aspects of an image and are therefore more suited for ... important property of efficient region descriptors One of the simplest descriptors is a vector of pixel intensities in the region of interest In this case, cross-correlation of the vectors can ... shape/contour In contrast, for appearance -based models only the appearance is used, which is usually captured by different two-dimensional views of the object -of- interest Based on the applied features...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 13:47

... Chapter is introductory and gives a profile of plant- based biofuels Chapter deals with the world biofuel scenario and provides an overview of the production of biofuels from biomass materials by thermochemical ... Group, LLC Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels In the past few years, biofuel programs have gained new momentum, as a result of rising prices of petroleum fuels as well as the advent of flex-fuel vehicles ... renewable, and nonpolluting fuels Biofuels are the only viable source of energy for the foreseeable future and can still form the base for sustainable development in terms of socioeconomic and environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... promotion of the use of biofuels with measures ensuring that biofuels account for at least 5.75% of the market for gasoline © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 26 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ... effective for the formation of heavy oil having low viscosity Alkaline degradation of whole biomass or of its separate constituent components (cellulose and lignin) leads to a very complex mixture of ... Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels are derived mainly from chains of pentose sugars, and act as the cement material holding together the cellulose micells and fiber Lignins are polymers of aromatic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... 30 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Abstract Energy management will be difficult for the coming generations due to increasing demand for energy caused by rapid industrialization ... oilseed crops, etc The choice of biomass for the production of energy and the type of process to be used for its conversion depends on the chemical and physical properties of the large molecules from ... converted into useful forms of energy using various processes The choice of conversion process depends on the type and quantity of the biomass feedstock, the desired form of the energy, that is,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 54 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Bala, B K 2005 Studies on biodiesels from transformation of vegetable oils for diesel engines Energy Edu Sci Technol 15:1–43 ... as a function of reaction time Molar ratio of vegetable oil to methyl alcohol: 1:41 Sample: hazelnut kernel oil © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 52 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels oil, reaction ... Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels and biological routes Biofuel is a nonpolluting, locally available, accessible, sustainable, and reliable fuel obtained from renewable sources The liquid biofuels...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Francis Group, LLC 70 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels biofuels should be developed in a regulated framework Efforts to set up standards for sustainability of biofuels are in progress, especially ... land use, risk of competition with food, and © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 66 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ecological risks, biofuels can only substitute for a small part of world road-transport ... LLC 58 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 5.1  Introduction Liquid biofuels are receiving increasing attention worldwide as a result of the growing concerns about oil security of supply and global...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... optimal on the basis of volumetric productivity © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 82 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 6.6 Potential of Zymomonas mobilis for the Production of Ethanol from Molasses ... Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Alcohol 95% Spent Figure 6.1  Scheme of the ethanol manufacturing process from molasses broth is preheated to about 90°C and is sent to the degasifying section of the ... their performance for ethanol fermentation and few of them have been used for industrial-scale ethanol production (Table 6.2) There are relatively few data on the comparative performance of different...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... – 166,363 Production of Starch Saccharifying Enzymes 101 102 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels one-step purification of pullulanase and amylases from standard preparation of the enzyme Techniques ... cut disks of polymerized polyethylene oxide, and fixation on formaldehyde activated acrylonitrile-acrylamide membranes © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 96 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 7.7.2  ... different forms of GA, having apparently different molecular weights and optimum pH Another two forms of the GA from A niger showed the molecular weight of GA I as 99,000 and that of GA II as...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... 106 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels α-amylase and glucoamylase on the yeast cell surface As a means of reducing the cost of ethanol production, flocculent and nonflocculent ... as the starting material for various chemicals and for the production of biofuels has received considerable interest in recent years Starchy and cellulosic materials of plant origin are the most ... enzymes The molecularlevel information on α-agglutinin is utilized to target the heterologous proteins of © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 108 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels biotechnological...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Group, LLC 124 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Most potential substrates for cellulose bioconversion are heavily lignified Thus, most of the cellulose in nature is unsuitable for bioconversion unless ... Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels DP and increases the bulk density Sometimes, the surface area of the treated material can decrease due to agglomeration of the particles and collapse of the capillary ... various pretreatments for improving the biodegradation of the potential substrates The pretreatment is important from the viewpoint of utilization of natural cellulose as forage for ruminant animals...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Figure 10.1  Schematic diagram showing the mode of action of cellulases © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 144 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels of scope for this chapter; details may be found in ... 146 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels cellulases Most of the cellulases have hemicellulase activity and quite often the functional demarcation of several enzymes is difficult, except for fine differences ... (2000) These studies apparently give basic information about the cellulase molecular biology, which is crucial for the designing of any strategy for genetic improvement of the fungus for enhanced...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Figure 11.1  Flow chart for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 162 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels broad range of compounds, some of which might inhibit ... limit of about 3.5% has been reported as compared to 10% of ethanologenic yeasts Acetic acid and lactic acid are © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 168 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels also formed ... The effect of initial pore size and lignin content on the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood Biores Technol 64: 113–119 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 172 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Mussatto,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... gallons) of biodiesel based on 18% oil content from 2.9 tons/ha of soybeans (43 bu/ac) at a 1:1 conversion rate of oil to biodiesel versus 3,760 l (1,000 gallons) of ethanol based on a yield of 9.4 ... 180 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels eties, an additional 800 thousand tons of vegetable oil would be available Or if future improvements could increase oil yields to an average of 22% oil, an ... competitively, for food, feed, and industrial applications are approximately 115 million tons Assuming a 1:1 177 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 178 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels conversion...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... 190 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Ghadge and Raheman (2005) developed a two-step esterification process for producing biodiesel from high FFA mauha oil The high FFA (19%) level of the crude ... effect of water on the yield of methyl esters in the transesterification of triglycerides and methyl esterification of fatty acids using the supercritical methanol method In the case of an alkaline- ... 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 192 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels addition of water in the supercritical methanol process, the separation of the methyl esters and glycerol from the reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Preparation of Biodiesel Using Various Types of Oils, Alcohols, and Lipases 204 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation of Biodiesel 205 in a solvent-free system with 10% of the ... 206 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 14.4 Novel Immobilization Techniques for the Stabilization of Lipase The key step in the enzymatic processes lies in the successful immobilization of the enzyme, ... oil is a better substrate for enzymatic methanolysis Several studies were reported for the stabilization or regeneration of the lipase for reusability The pretreatment of the lipase by immersing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20