... United States Air Force Academy, United States Air Force Institute for National Security Studies, 2004 Part I: CaseStudies Prologue Chapters Two through Six present casestudiesof organizational ... selecting individual groups for detailed study Terrorist group casestudies The research process consisted primarily of preparing and reviewing a set ofcasestudiesof organizations that have ... of their violent activities We selected five organizations for these case studies: 5 Review of the literature on organizational learning Al Qaeda was deliberately not selected to be a case...
... carbon -based metabolic pathways presents fundamental information on the application ofplant metabolic engineering that is based on a thorough knowledge ofplant biochemistry and plant physiology Plant ... selection of targets for further studies at the level of genes, enzymes, and compartments Such studies on regulation of metabolite biosynthesis might eventually lead to the derivation of transgenic plants ... patterns, bioinformatics is used here for this type of analysis of complex systems Bioinformatics refers to the extraction of biological information from genomic sequence and the reconciliation of multiple...
... eight casestudies found in the literature 1.1 Software development; problems and remedies To develop and maintain software is often referred to as software engineering One denition is that software ... productivity and quality of the developed software The outcome of several of these improvement initiatives was summed up in an article in Communications of the ACM [10] Claims of order of magnitude improvements ... Software Engineering tools to support software engineering, mainly in analysis and design Formal methods formal specication and verication of software Cleanroom methodologies a method for...
... both for longest phrase (where embedded phrases of the same type were counted only once) and for each phrase regardless of embedding Length of NPs/PPs contained in a VP The average number of words ... important only for particular tasks For example the number of prepositional phrases is an important feature only for ranking different versions of the same sentence but is not important for other ... done in the context of machine translation for preliminary investigations of fluency Nevertheless, our findings are also potentially beneficial for sentence-level evaluation of machine translation...
... for uniform regions and regions with smooth transitions Region based detectors regard local blobs of uniform brightness as the most salient aspects of an image and are therefore more suited for ... important property of efficient region descriptors One of the simplest descriptors is a vector of pixel intensities in the region of interest In this case, cross-correlation of the vectors can ... shape/contour In contrast, for appearance -based models only the appearance is used, which is usually captured by different two-dimensional views of the object -of- interest Based on the applied features...
... Chapter is introductory and gives a profile of plant- based biofuels Chapter deals with the world biofuel scenario and provides an overview of the production of biofuels from biomass materials by thermochemical ... Group, LLC Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels In the past few years, biofuel programs have gained new momentum, as a result of rising prices of petroleum fuels as well as the advent of flex-fuel vehicles ... renewable, and nonpolluting fuels Biofuels are the only viable source of energy for the foreseeable future and can still form the base for sustainable development in terms of socioeconomic and environmental...
... 30 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Abstract Energy management will be difficult for the coming generations due to increasing demand for energy caused by rapid industrialization ... oilseed crops, etc The choice of biomass for the production of energy and the type of process to be used for its conversion depends on the chemical and physical properties of the large molecules from ... converted into useful forms of energy using various processes The choice of conversion process depends on the type and quantity of the biomass feedstock, the desired form of the energy, that is,...
... Group, LLC 124 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Most potential substrates for cellulose bioconversion are heavily lignified Thus, most of the cellulose in nature is unsuitable for bioconversion unless ... Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels DP and increases the bulk density Sometimes, the surface area of the treated material can decrease due to agglomeration of the particles and collapse of the capillary ... various pretreatments for improving the biodegradation of the potential substrates The pretreatment is important from the viewpoint of utilization of natural cellulose as forage for ruminant animals...
... 190 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Ghadge and Raheman (2005) developed a two-step esterification process for producing biodiesel from high FFA mauha oil The high FFA (19%) level of the crude ... effect of water on the yield of methyl esters in the transesterification of triglycerides and methyl esterification of fatty acids using the supercritical methanol method In the caseof an alkaline- ... 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 192 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels addition of water in the supercritical methanol process, the separation of the methyl esters and glycerol from the reaction...
... Preparation of Biodiesel Using Various Types of Oils, Alcohols, and Lipases 204 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation of Biodiesel 205 in a solvent-free system with 10% of the ... 206 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 14.4 Novel Immobilization Techniques for the Stabilization of Lipase The key step in the enzymatic processes lies in the successful immobilization of the enzyme, ... oil is a better substrate for enzymatic methanolysis Several studies were reported for the stabilization or regeneration of the lipase for reusability The pretreatment of the lipase by immersing...