carbohydrate lipid and protein metabolism

... for studying plant metabolisms In our study, we focus on lipid and secondary metabolism For the lipid study, we first develop a novel reference-based genome assembly pipeline and apply it to assemble ... plant growth and development but are involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress response and plant pollination Next-generation sequencing has been widely used for understanding plant metabolisms ... investigate plant metabolism, with a major focus on lipid and secondary metabolite production The aim of these studies are: 1) to understand biosynthesis of different plant metabolites, and 2) to increase...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:16

... helminth lipidbinding proteins offload their ligands to membranes: differential mechanisms of fatty acid transfer by the ABA-1 polyprotein allergen and Ov-FAR-1 proteins of nematodes and Sj-FABPc ... a-helices and 12% b-turns (Fig 1) Incubation of the protein with different ligands such as palmitate, caprylic and arachidonic acids and retinol in concentrations sufficient to saturate the protein ... 346–352 Kennedy MW (2000) The polyprotein lipid binding proteins of nematodes Biochim Biophys Acta 1476, 149–164 Kennedy MW (2001) Structurally novel lipid- binding proteins In Parasitic Nematodes:...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... (89%) carbohydrate meal, as well as after consumption of a mixed protein /lipid meal (43% protein and 53% lipid) in women with peripheral obesity [16] While we noted no differences in postprandial ... we compared the hormonal response to lipid and carbohydrate meals of different caloric content during the acute postprandial period We hypothesized that the carbohydrate meals would result in the ... insulin before and after the consumption of a dextrose or lipid meal (A) and before and after a period of fasting (B) Data are mean ± SEM †Meal × Time effect (p = 0.0003); higher at 0.5 hr and hr compared...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... analyses included FN tests on the 20 wheat samples, and protein and ash determinations on the flours MATERIALS AND METHODS Grain and Flour Samples and Subsequent Treatments Experiment Determination ... Falling Number, Protein, Ash, and Moisture Tests Standard methods were used for the analysis of samples for FN, protein (N × 5.7), and ash by Approved Methods 56-81B, 46-30, and 08-01, respectively ... Z., and Pomeranz, Y 1994 Role and contribution of starch and protein contents and quality to texture profile analysis of oriental noodles Cereal Chem 71:315-320 Batey, I L., Curtin, B M., and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2012, 15:25

... expands the boundaries of signalling mediators, and it is therefore not unlikely that Sky and Mer could be involved in Table Affinities of Gas6 and protein S for Axl, Sky and Mer RTKs within and ... compilation ª 2006 FEBS S Hafizi and B Dahlback ¨ Function of protein S as ligand for Axl RTKs Surprisingly, only a handful of studies to date have reported functional effects of protein S that appear to ... between the type of protein S that is bound to apoptotic cells Specifically, both the free and C4b-binding protein- bound forms of protein S can bind to apoptotic cells via the protein S Gla region...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... specific for human Ras-GRF1 Primer pairs: lane 2, ON359 and ON360; lane 3, ON357 and ON358; and lane 4, ON361 and ON360 The PCR products and a DNA size marker, lane 1, were separated on agarose ... that the treatment of NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells with carbachol [9] and lysophosphatidic acid [11], activating both Gq- and Gi-coupled receptors, induces the activation and phosphorylation of Ras-GRF1 ... increase and show Ca2+ dependence of serotonininduced ERK1 ⁄ phosphorylation and a mandatory role of the Ca2+ ⁄ CaM-binding IQ domain in RasGRF1-stimulated ERK1 ⁄ phosphorylation Thus, both cAMP and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 18:20

... anti-a, -b, -c, -d, -e, and -f for immunoblotting were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA) Rabbit anti-PKCf for immunoprecipitation and activity determination, and the antiPKCf blocking ... 20 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) and centrifuged at 100 000 g for 30 Supernatant and membrane fraction were diluted with lysis buffer (without sucrose and EGTA) and 8–14 lg of protein from each fraction ... Determination of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in crude extracts (pmolÆmin-1Æmg-1 of protein) and PKCf immunoprecipitates (pmolÆmin-1Æmg-1 of lysate protein) Hepatocytes cultured for h and 48 h were...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... saturating concentration of ligand, P the total protein concentration, and L is referred to the ligand concentration The distribution of metal ion as [M2+]free, [ML] and of [L]free was calculated ... is sensed by the P-pyridoxyl group, and allowed the acquisition of detailed and reliable information on the binding of several ligands and on the role of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on their binding The comparison ... emission band centered at 393 nm at pH The absorption spectrum of the P-pyridoxyl adduct of PEP carboxykinase exhibits a band with a maximum at 326 nm due to pyridoxyl moiety and a band at 280...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... H2O2 and peptide and protein peroxides after photo-oxidation with 1O2 generated by rose bengal in the presence of visible light and oxygen (a) RNase A (50 mgặmL)1); (b) N-Ac-TrpOMe (2.5 mM); and ... peptide and protein peroxides investigated in the current study, with GAPDH being more sensitive than GR and LDH, and inactivation of GAPDH being metalion independent, whereas inhibition of GR and ... 1O2-generated peptide and protein peroxides, presumably by acting as sacricial targets This is in accord with the known rapid depletion of GSH and other thiols (both low-molecularmass and protein- bound)...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... that the process of activation of ACC and p70S6K by amino acids is inhibited by okadaic acid and calyculin A, two inhibitors of type and 2A protein phosphatase, and by incubation of liver cells with ... between 45 and 60 of incubation (Fig 1) Like anoxia, both AICAr and oligomycin activated AMPK (Fig 2) and this activation was not changed in hepatocytes incubated with glutamine (Figs and 2) Under ... ACC and p70S6K under metabolic stress conditions Rapamycin and AICAr exert different effects on the activation of ACC and p70S6K induced by glutamine Rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... 2005; Sernova and Gelfand, 2008; Wang and Sugden, 2005; Weinreich et al., 2004) In higher eukaryotes there are preferred sequences located in AT-rich islands that serve as origins (Bell and Dutta, ... the terminator protein was cloned and sequenced and the gene was named TUS (Terminus Utilizing Substance) (Hill et al., 1989) Tus protein was purified from cell extract of E coli and shown to bind ... with their fork arrest efficiency in E coli in vivo (Andersen et al., 2000) If there is protein- protein interaction between Tus and DnaB and if this is necessary for fork arrest, how does Tus...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... misfolded proteins [5–8] and remove protein aggregation [9–12] Mechanisms of protein osmolyte interactions, the effect of osmolytes on protein stability, and how osmolytes correct protein misfolding ... effects that urea has on protein function [16–19] Despite significant advances in understanding the effect of osmolytes on protein stability, folding and the activity of proteins and enzymes, the relationship ... presence and absence of almost all naturally occurring osmolytes We report here that protein stability and activity are not largely coupled in the presence of osmolytes However, protein stability and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... in EAC and S180 cells and in sarcoma tissue indicates that the upregulated proteins are entirely tumor-cell specific On the other hand, the influx and efflux rate of creatine in both EAC and S180 ... EAC and S180 cells, mice muscle, sarcoma tissue and the kidney of normal and sarcoma-bearing mice Mitochondria from EAC and S180 cells were prepared according to Moreadith and Fiskum [47] and ... as well as in creatine metabolism On the other hand, a high expression of GAMT had been found in the liver and pancreas and other tissues, such as the testes, epididymis and ovary, whereas the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... binding and the catalysis K and P denote the free concentrations of kinase and phosphatase, respectively, and Ln and Qn are the respective dissociation constants for the kinase–target and phosphatase–target ... dephosphorylation (first panel), random phosphorylation and dephosphorylation (second panel), mixed scheme with random phosphorylation and sequential dephosphorylation (third panel), and cyclic mechanism ... link between the structural, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of complex multisite phosphorylation on the one hand, and the specific and versatile regulation of protein activation required in signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... confocal microscopy and for expert help Thanks go to S Dettwiler and C Hagedorn for excellent technical assistance E Haas (Zurich, Switzerland) and G Burkard (Berne, Switzerland) were very helpful ... threonine kinases Akt and PKCf, and was located on internal vesicles via its FYVE domain These two kinases preferentially bound to ProF after WD-FYVE protein interacts with VAMP2 and PKCf hormonal ... FYVEdomain containing protein that is also localized to intracellular vesicles [18,19], or with the vacuolar protein sorting-associating protein 4, Vps4 (Fig 1B, left, lane 7), a protein involved...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... scrambling and easier sample handling compared to in vivo protein production render cell-free protein synthesis particularly attractive for high-throughput production of proteins and selective ... interconversion between Ala and Glu, Glu and Asp, and Glu and Gln is efficient in wheat germ extract but can effectively be suppressed by inhibitors of transaminases and glutamine synthase [20] ... production and stable-isotope labeling of milligram quantities of proteins FEBS Lett 442, 15–19 Madin K, Sawasaki T, Ogasawara T & Endo Y (2000) A highly efficient and robust cell-free protein synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... structures, chemical modifications and cross-linking in protein mixtures, complexes, and assemblies Proteins A single protein, a list of proteins from a mixture or from a protein complex or a complete ... cross-linking and mass spectrometry for mapping three-dimensional structures of proteins and protein complexes J Mass Spectrom 38, 1225–1237 Wong SS (1991) Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-Linking ... disulfide bonds, and artificially introduced cross-links in proteins Cross-links impose distance constraints on amino acid residues that can be used to model the 3-D structure of proteins and protein complexes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... selection marker protein bleomycin-binding protein (BLE), as well as other introduced proteins [9] However, only moderate numbers of transformants and relatively low levels of heterologous protein expression ... C fusiformis and analyzed CfNR levels in response to different nitrogen sources Using GFP as reporter protein, we have demonstrated that 3414 N Poulsen and N Kroger ¨ the 5¢-UTR and 3¢-UTR of ... image and two different fluorescence images The green color shows GFP fluorescence and the red color depicts chloroplast autofluorescence (bar, 10 lm) (B) Comparison of gfp mRNA expression and GFP protein...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... {contain carbon and  hydrogen}     Carbohydrates Lipids(fats) Proteins* Nucleic Acids*  *These are what we’ll talk about today When we look at a living thing, What we see is mostly PROTEIN So, ... its particular protein?  As in, people protein vs tree protein?  The answer is DNA! The species-particular DNA sequences produce the species-particular proteins  GENES code for proteins  GENES ... a sugar, and a nitrogen base  DNA is in a double strand  The nitrogen bases have compliment partners  Adenine-Thymine  Cytosine-Guanine Just a note about RNARNA is single-stranded and acts...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:36