carbohydrate digestion and absorption of monosaccharides
Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 1
... set The goal of this chapter is to present the theoretical development and use of models for quantifying rate and extent of the digestion process in the rumen Rate and Extent of Digestion 15 ... al., 1987) Regardless of the model used, it appears that rate and extent of digestion are critical variables in the description of the digestion process Kinetic parameters of digestion are important ... model is described mathematically and implemented Requirements for Quantifying Rate and Extent of Digestion Robust quantitative description of the rate and extent of digestion requires three components:...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 2
... the digestion and absorption of food along the gastro-intestinal tract of fistulated cows The rate of flow of digesta and the net absorption of dry matter, organic matter, ash, nitrogen and water ... estimates to be made of the partition of digestion, i.e the extent of digestion, absorption and/ or secretion occurring in defined segments of the tract Rate of passage is a measure of the time during ... The digestion of food by the grazing sheep The rate of flow of digesta Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 15, 384–396 Hogan, J.P and Weston, R.H (1967) The digestion of chopped and ground...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 3
... cultures, and enable the study of long-term (weeks) effects of factors affecting the microbial population and the digestion of nutrients under controlled conditions of pH, turnover rate and nutrient ... overestimation of both the immediately soluble fraction and the extent of degradation, and likely underestimation of the rate of degradation (Huntington and Givens, 1995) Loss of particles from ... Comparative digestion of herbage by two breeds of sheep: effects of grass maturity stage and level of intake Animal Science 73, 513–522 Madsen, J and Hvelplund, T (1994) Prediction of in situ...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 4
... of the breakdown process of (A) leaves of tropical and temperate grasses and of legumes, and (B) mature stems of grass and legume, during eating and initial (0–6 h) digestion in the rumen to ... integrity of the leaf and stem components by removal of cuticle, crushing and separation of vascular bundles and other plant tissues, and release of plant cell contents (Ulyatt et al., 1986; Wilson and ... C.T and Handley, T.A (1986) The assessment of handling time ion in ruminants: the effect of plant chemical and physical structure on the rate of breakdown of plant particles in the rumen of mule...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 5
... composition of supplements), level of intake, retention time of solids and liquids, and the timing of release of energy substrates and nitrogenous materials into the medium (rumen ‘synchrony’) Effect of ... valine and cysteine, probably due to poor re -absorption of mucin proteins (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001) Uncertainty about the sites and quantity of secretion of endogenous N and its fractional re -absorption ... and metabolism of volatile fatty acids, glucose and CO2 in steers and the effects of monensin on volatile fatty acid kinetics Journal of Nutrition 113, 1265–1277 Barcroft, J., McAnally, R.A and...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 6
... digestibility of feed and production of VFA and microbial protein However, the complexity of these analogues, which often employ pulse addition of heterogeneous, particulate substrate and differential and/ or ... notably when the quality of the feed and dietary levels of N are poor (mainly in the tropics and subtropics) Rumen bacteria are efficient scavengers of N sources and uptake of ammonia is represented ... described and this number is expected to increase with continued research Rumen Microorganisms and their Interactions 209 Species Diversity and Activity Species diversity and the size and activity of...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 7
... M.E and Marsh, P.B (1976) Effect of monensin fed with forage on digestion and the ruminal ecosystem of steers Journal of Animal Science 42, 229–234 Eadie, J.M and Gill, J.C (1971) Effect of the ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 2186–2192 Chen, M and Wolin, M.J (1979) Effect of monensin and lasalocid-sodium on the growth of methanogenic and rumen saccharolytic bacteria Applied and ... tools and bioinformatics offer the promise for an even better understanding of this ecologically complex environment References Abou Akada, A.R and El-Shazly, K (1964) Effect of absence of ciliate...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 8 docx
... of Dairy Science 80, 1005–1028 Nocek, J.E and Tamminga, S (1991) Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition Journal of ... pattern of feed intake and the in situ degradation characteristics of carbohydrates and N First, a diet was simulated with a daily dry matter intake of 10.0 kg of grass silage, 6.5 kg of maize ... remainder of the body (Baldwin, 1995) Only Gill et al (1989) addressed the concept of energy costs of nutrients and ion transport, and of protein synthesis and degradation in tissues of the total...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 9 pptx
... radioactivity of the precursor at the site of metabolic use, causes an underestimation of the rate of conversion of precursor to product Consequently, estimates of the rate of conversion of precursor ... palmitate, oleate and stearate and rates of production and oxidation of propionate and butyrate in fed and starved sheep Biochemical Journal 104, 135–147 Baird, G.D., Lomax, M.A., Symonds, H.W and Shaw, ... sheep Freetly and Ferrell (1998, 2000) reported release of acetate and triacylglycerides and removal of NEFA and n-butyrate, but unfortunately no measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 10 pptx
... (1967a) Rates of entry and oxidation of acetate, glucose, D(-)-b-hydroxy-butyrate, palmitate, oleate and stearate, and rates of production and oxidation of propionate and butyrate in fed and starved ... S and Nichols, B.W (1967b) The oxidation and utilisation of palmitate, stearate, oleate and acetate by the mammary gland of the fed goat in relation to their overall metabolism, and the role of ... R.J., Wolfe, B.M and Bohmer, T (1971) Quantitative studies of the metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides and cholesterol by liver and extra hepatic tissues of sheep and dogs Journal of Clinical Investigations...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 11 ppt
... approaches (e.g measurements of protein levels for some enzymes of the ubiquitination machinery and proteasomal subunits, of the rate of ubiquitination of protein substrates, and of proteasome activities) ... catheterization of an artery and a vein draining a hind limb bed An index of both the rates of protein breakdown and synthesis is calculated by measuring the concentration of the label and its isotopic ... incubated rodent muscles (see Attaix and Taillandier, 1998) These observations, together with the use of specific inhibitors of lysosomal and Ca2þ dependent proteases and of the proteasome, lead to the...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 12 docx
... (100% of ME and CP requirements) and high (160% of ME and CP requirements) intake levels, the liver removed approximately 34% of the AA absorbed by the PDV Removal of essential AA comprised 15% of ... the digestion and mastication of food; (iii) the heat of fermentation; (iv) the work of excretion by the kidney; and (v) the increased muscular activity of various organs due to the metabolism of ... relationships resulted in estimates of MEm of 0.58 and 0:66 MJ=kg0:75 for the linear and multiple regression methods, respectively, and kl of 0.64 and 0.69, respectively The weight of evidence from recent...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 13 docx
... several isoforms; for example there are at least three isoforms of the b-adrenergic receptor (Carpene et al., 1998), two of the GTPbinding protein Gs , at least three isoforms of Gi (Manning and Woolkalis, ... Increased Uptake of glucose, acetate, ketones, amino acids, VLDL-TG fatty acids, Ca2þ and Pi, increased Synthesis and secretion of protein, lipid and lactose increased Secretion of Ca2þ and Pi increased ... Decreased ? Uptake of acetate, glucose and VLDL-TG fatty acid decreased Synthesis of lipid decreased Output of fatty acids and glycerol increased Decreased Unchanged Uptake of glucose and acetate may...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 14 docx
... blood (2), bone (3) and soft tissues (4)) and P enters the system via intake (F10 ) and exits via faeces (F 01 ) and urine (F 02 ) The daily intake and loss of P in faeces and urine were measured ... 12 , F 23 and F 32 and F 24 and F 42 , respectively Labelled 32 P was administered as a single dose, D cpm, at time zero, and the size and specific activity of the blood, bone and soft tissues ... growth and efficiency of growth Regression analysis of results with cattle revealed positive correlations between the energy and protein intake and the expression of genes of components of the...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 15 pptx
... understanding of fetal growth and metabolism Macronutrient uptake and metabolism Numerous studies of pregnant ewes have described macronutrient metabolism and requirements of the fetus in terms of ... between maternal intakes of energy and nitrogen and conceptus tissue masses at different stages of pregnancy Quantitative descriptions of maternal and fetal fluxes of glucose and amino acids in sheep ... 1983), and mobilization of NEFA (Harwell et al., 1990), associated with reduced pancreatic secretion and plasma concentrations of insulin (Bassett and Hanson, 1998), and attenuated action of IGF-1...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 16 pdf
... mechanistic model of digestion and metabolism of a lactating dairy cow described in detail by Baldwin (1995) and earlier publications The digestion element of the model (Fig 21.1) is comprised of 15 differential ... yields and led to parameterization of equations to represent these effects (Maeng et al., 1976; Argyle and Baldwin, 1989) Current representations of digestion products and amino acid absorption ... 280 308 Fig 21.8 Usyn and Udeg at 1000 UCELLS and 1500 UCELLS vs time Usyn, rate of synthesis of udder enzymes; Udeg, rate of degradation of udder enzymes; UCELLS, number of secretory cells 568...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 17 pdf
... content and a rapid rate of eating Equally, changes in the rumen degradable fraction of the CP are likely to affect yield of ME and rate of digestion of NDF; excess CP can be used as a source of energy ... error of 10=20 ¼ 0:5 and a relative discomfort of 0:52 ¼ 0:25 Similar calculations for CP, NDF and time spent eating give discomforts of 0.36, 0.51 and 0.01, respectively, and a total discomfort of ... CP, NDF and time spent eating, and of total discomfort, for a range of daily intakes of food by sheep; see text for details of food and animal’s ‘requirements’ Voluntary Feed Intake and Diet...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 18 pdf
... Ljøkjel, K., Skrede, A and Harstad, O.M (2003a) Effects of pelleting and expanding of vegetable feeds on in situ protein and starch digestion in dairy cows Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 12, ... and Tamminga, S (1991) Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3598–3629 Norberg, E and ... of the intestinal wall; this may reduce the extent of nutrient digestion and absorption and may increase cellular protein and mucin synthesis In addition, effects on the systemic metabolism and...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 19 doc
... A.J., Satter, L.D and Jorgensen, N.A (1986) Influence of amount of feed intake and forage physical form on digestion and passage of prebloom alfalfa hay in dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science ... Lemaire, G and Comeron, E.A (1989) The dynamics of daily area and depth of grazing and herbage intake of cows in a five day paddock system In: Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress ... Description of animal Novel Body weight Milk composition VFA absorption Glucose absorption Lipid absorption Amino acid absorption Energy absorption Exchange value of feed Nutrient response of animal...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Comparison of membrane fraction proteomic profiles of normal and cancerous human colorectal tissues with gel-assisted digestion and iTRAQ labeling mass spectrometry pptx
... and molecular function (Fig 3) To better understand the probable roles of the membrane proteomes in terms of their biological functions, the subcellular localization and molecular functions of ... 25 (SLC25) consists of proteins that are functionally and structurally related and that construct the transporters of a large variety of molecules [30] Following LC-MS ⁄ MS and western blotting ... tumor and normal tissue of eight patients was identified (false discovery rate = 2.25%) Figure illustrates the flowchart for quantitative analysis of membrane proteins of the CRC samples and reveals...
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