calculation of odds risk odds ratio and relative risk

... ví d sau ây: th y rõ Ví d 2: s c t c t l thông tim (cardiac catherization) T p san New England Journal of Medicine s ngày 25/2/1999 (t p 349; trang 618-626) công b m t nghiên c u r t thú v v nh ... không ch t v n thêm OR t s c a hai odds Odd ph n nh “kh năng” m c b nh Odd = có nghĩa kh m c b nh cao kh không m c b nh l n Khó hi u Odd ã khó hi u t s c a hai odds (hay hai kh năng) l i m t o ... trư ng h p t l phát sinh, mà t l lưu hành (prevalence) Do ó, thu t ng xác mô t 0.935 prevalence ratio (PR) ( ây m t tài khác mà hi v ng s có d p quay l i bàn thêm) i u ng c nhiên sai sót l i hi...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2014, 00:26

... Proportion x of Cs Mass proportion x of V Fig Calculated melting curve and eutectic point of binary alloys Fe1-xVx and Cr1-xCsx Table Comparison of calculated Lindemann’s melting temperatures Tm(K) of ... m in Eq (23) for the calculation of Lindemann’s melting temperatures The threshold value Rm of the ratio of RMSF in atomic positions on the equilibrium lattice positions and the nearest neighbor ... the masses of atoms of types and 2, respectively Using the relation between u q and u1q [13], i.e., u q = mu1q , m = M / M , and Eqs (5, 6) we obtain the mean energy for the atomic vibration with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

... Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol 87, no 3, pp 1278–1289, 1990 [11] E Yumoto, W J Gould, and T Baer, “Harmonics to noise ratio as an index of the degree of hoarseness,” The Journal of ... energy ratio of harmonics to noise components (HNR) in the voiced speech signal at four different frequency bands and the second set of features is based on the energy spectrum at critical-band spacing ... percent of the signals of each group were considered for training (to estimate the prototype) and the remaining for testing 2.2 Estimation of HNR One of the important characteristics of voiced...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... thu t ng phương pháp Ch s Ngu n g c Tên g i khác Odds ratio Odds ratio (Cornfield, 1951) Relative risk Cross-product ratio Relative risk Risk ratio Lu t phân ph i Nh phân (binomial distribution) ... c u th Tuy nhiên, tính prevalence ratio hay risk ratio nghiên c u th òi h i ph i bi t s d ng chương trình R phân tích thích h p RR (relative risk hay risk ratio) ch có th c tính cho nghiên c ... nh nghĩa odds khác V n l y ví d trên, odds c a nhóm i u tr (O1): O1 = 0.024 = 0.0243 − 0.024 O2 = 0.080 = 0.0872 − 0.080 Và odds c a nhóm ch ng: Odds ratio (OR) c nh nghĩa t s c a hai odds: OR...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2014, 00:26

... standards were used to obtain 56 kinds of fatty acids Therefore, the contents of each fatty acid were calculated based on the quantity of lipid, the content ratios of all the fatty acids, and ... acids, and the ratio of each fatty acid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of carbon stable isotope in Z japonica The mean δ13C of Z japonica was -12.4 ± 1.6‰ in the leaves and stems, and -11.6 ... and rhizomes Meanwhile, Z marina in the leaves and stems has -9.7 ± 1.0‰, and in the roots and rhizomes has -9.6 ± 1.0‰ Fig shows that the leaves and stems as well as the roots and rhizomes of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... of the stock, and ignore any contributions from its fluctuations The combination of these two hypotheses—that similar risks demand similar returns, and that short-term investors look at risk and ... intrinsic-time Sharpe ratio, is the analogue of the standard Sharpe ratio, and is dimensionless Equation (3.19) is a short-term, trading-frequencysensitive version of the risk return relation of equation ... frequency-adjusted riskless rate Ri to be Ri = r νi νB (3.23) Ri is the riskless rate enhanced by the ratio of the trading frequency of the stock to that of the riskless bond In terms of these variables,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 14:15

... between two atoms (i,j), of types ti and tj, and Nobs(dij,ti,tj) represents the number of atoms of types ti and tj observed in the structure training set, separated by a distance of at least dij As ... universally conserved component of the core of the signal recognition particle (SRP) The structure of the complex (PDB code: 1HQ1) and the binding affinity of a series of RNA mutants have been determined ... contact cut-off To evaluate the influence of different cut-off values in our study, replicate experiments were conducted ˚ ˚ ˚ using A, 10 A and 12 A distance cut-offs In nearly all of our tests,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... Here the vibrations of dopants Ni and Al are localized at l = 0, and the mass of dopant atom Al is smaller than the one of Cu, then the amplitude changes of the atomic vibration of Cu are smaller ... by Ni Fig 2a shows the calculated atomic vibration u2 (l = 2) of Cu and its phase shift for Cu doped by Ni or by Al atom The vibrations of dopants Ni and Al are localized at q = Here we consider ... ωmax ), and the mass difference between Al and Cu is larger than the one between Ni and Cu, then their phase shift is larger Fig 2b shows the calculated amplitude changes of vibration of Cu atoms...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

... procyclicality of the extent of systematic risk in bank loans and the relative likelihoods of good and bad states of the economy Next, we introduce a “foreign” bank in the model to study the direction and ... to the relative magnitude of these costs The extent of information contagion is linked to the extent of systematic and idiosyncratic risks of bank loans (Figures 2–5) Thus, the levels of bank ... Information Contagion and Inter-Bank Correlation in a Theory of Systemic Risk Abstract Two aspects of systemic risk, the risk that banks fail together, are modeled and their interaction examined:...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... the relative distribution of users by type of user (light, moderate and heavy user of lymphedema treatments) and their demand for treatment; (3) the corresponding estimated units of physical and ... the medical efficacy of mandating the benefit, including the impact of the benefit on the quality of patient care and the health status of the population; and, the results of any research demonstrating ... separate and potentially useful course of research In general, hospital stays carry risk of infection and other adverse effects of hospital care These risks have to be balanced against the benefits of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 10:20

... formula 3.1, the calculation of the denominator of the capital ratio is dependent on three different forms of risk: credit risk, market risk, and operational risk In particular the credit risk measurement ... of the total capital and the minimum requirement of at least 8% of the bank’s capital to its risk weighted assets (RWA) Capital Ratio = Total Capital Credit Risk + Market Risk + Operational Risk ... level of financial risk appropriate for any rating category S&P computes a number of financial ratios and tracks them over time S&P claims that industry risk their analysis of the strength and stability...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... borrower and the lender [Boot et al (1991)], and/ or it provides information about the possible trade-off between the use of collateral and time invested in evaluating the risk of the operation ... post risk of default13 This empirical evidence strengthens the arguments of Manove and Padilla (1999 and 2001) that the existence of collateral can weaken the adequate selection of borrowers and/ or ... between 1988 and 2000, savings banks almost doubled the market share (in terms of number of loans to corporations) at the expense of that of commercial banks The lack of knowledge of the business...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... methodology of analysis, fairness of presentation of the data, explanations of variables and limitations, reproducibility of results, and quality of peer review Further, we examine the sponsoring body and ... because they are defined that way Odds, Probability, and Chances At Book of Odds we treat these terms as synonymous Odds are statements of probability So, “The odds of ” should be interpreted mathematically ... the odds of human experience into three large sets: destiny, actions, and the cycle of life Destiny is what happens to us Actions are what we And cycle of life is a way of looking at the odds...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 17:15

... generator Discussion of equations: frequency, current, power, ratio of transformation 79 52 Calculation of numerical example of a generator having a frequency of hundreds of thousands of cycles per ... transient functions of time and of distance " The theory of alternating functions of time is given in Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena." Transient functions of time are studied ... of quarter-wave and half-wave 66 Terminal conditions Distribution of current and voltage at start, and evaluation of the coefficients of the trigonometric series length, and angular measure of...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:34

... low and of relatively short duration.] KNR has a unique and eventful history that included partial destruction by fire and cessation of operation in 1918, followed by the refinery's repair and ... drawing of KNR showing building layouts and process flows by time period Note abutment and connection of key environments, including Ni ER [#9 and 12], and Ni and Cu purification [#10 and 11] ... first exposure by category of work, date of first exposure (for electrolysis & RSC departments) and duration of employment; ICNCM (1990) [3] Duration of employment Category of Work Electrolysis:1...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Şen and Bayramov Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:113 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/113 Page of y (π ) + λy(π ) = 0, (3) and transmission ... s= √ (9) λ, λ > Şen and Bayramov Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:113 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/113 Page of s Proof To prove this, it ... n2 + δn, we have Şen and Bayramov Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:113 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/113 Page of and finally sn = 2np1...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... regulations [7] and found support by corporate developers of GM plants and some governmental regulators of GM organisms in the US and Europe [8,9] This current implementation of the regulations of GM plants ... methodology for testing of non-target organisms is prescriptive with regard to the use of a procedure for selection of testing species and the development of proper testing protocols and risk hypotheses ... precaution and entirely puts the discovery of any potential adverse interaction, cumulative, indirect and longterm effect of the combined potpourri of six toxins and two herbicide residues on human and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Research Journal of Finance and Economics - Issue 30 (2009) 109 Measurement and Capital Standards” document, published in July 1988 Furthermore, the treatment of market and operational risk were incorporated ... t+1, and ΔN hj (Ti ) is an increment of this process The assumption is also made in Copeland and Jones (2001) and Lu and Kuo (2005, 2006) 114 International Research Journal of Finance and Economics ... pp.1407-1423 Hull, J and A White, 1995 “The impact of default risk on the prices of options and other derivative securities”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 19, pp.299-322 Hu, Y-T, R Kiesel and W Perraudin,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/07/2014, 21:13

... trasmission of HIV, HBV, HCV among survey objects 3.4.1 Duration of drug injecting of IDUs and FSWs: 3.4.1.1 Duration of drug injecting of IDUs: Table 3.13 The relation between duration of drug injecting ... proportion of consistent condom use in the past 12 months 3.4.4 Duration of heamodialysis and HBV, HCV infection: Bảng 3.22 The relations between duration of heamodialysis and HBV, HCV infection Duration ... tendency in duration of drug injecting - The rate of HIV/HBV co-infection also was increased in duration of drug injecting The highest rate of infection among subject has duration of drug injecting...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 14:07

... catalysts and catalytic supports.8 Because of the variety of practical uses, the fabrication of the desired morphologies of mesoporous silica is as important as the control of its internal structure and ... dehydrated with increasing amounts of HCl or the presence of large amounts of C1– ions Therefore, for the partial dehydration of PEO units, the volume of the hydrophilic part of the micelle decreases This ... specifically examine the topology of the catalyst surfaces and the morphology of the particles and crystals Figure presents the SEM images of SBA-15 with different TEOS/TCP ratios and pH values Comparisons...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20